Boje i teorija prototipa u djelima Zulfkara Džumhura

Author(s): Indira Šabić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

According to the theory of prototypes and cognitive approach to categories, in this paper will be to study the names of colors in Bosnian culture of literary creativity of Zulfikar Džumhur, with the task of discovering what color prominently on perceptual and cognitive level. In this paper will be tested a possible developmental basis for the universality of focal colors, those areas of the color space previously found to be the most exemplary of basic color names in Bosnian language. The material of this study consists of all adjectival words for colors and their shades of literary works Zulfikar Džumhur, and will observe the distribution and occurrence of colors, variety of colors and their effects, and will define the degree focali certain color.

The Way Verbs of Perception Play a Role in the Poems by the Blind

Author(s): Elmira Esmaeelpour,Farhad Sasani / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Due to the importance of vision in human perception, different verbal behaviors are expected in the congenitally blind individuals and the sighted ones. Therefore, in this research, two groups of poets (the congenitally blind and control group of the sighted) were found to explore how differently they represent their perception of the five predominant senses. Strikingly, the statistical results show that the frequency of verbs of vision are not only significantly high but also are more frequent than the same verbs in the poems of the sighted. This might be explained through the fact that perception is reflected and codified in language. Thus, the blind can perceive visual phenomena through language however they are congenitally blind. The second qualitative experiment shows that these blind people use different visual metaphors more than the sighted. This might prove Halliday and Mathiessen’s belief that conceptual structure and semantic structure are just different metaphors of one thing.

SÁNDOR KARÁCSONY’S VIEWS ON LANGUAGE, LINGUISTIC EDUCATION AND THE HUNGARIAN SOUL

Author(s): Judit Bognárné Kocsis / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this research is to examine the language in relation to social soul and to present its features based on Sándor Karácsony’s views about language and linguistic education. Sándor Karácsony, one of the most prominent figures in Hungarian pedagogy, makes unique statements in his writings about this topic as doctor of philosophy, pedagogy, and Hungarian linguistics. In his opinion, there is a connection between language and the mentality of people. He declares that one characteristic of Hungarian language is coordination, which should appear in the relationship with our fellow beings. We need dialogue skills and the appreciation of equality to this attitude. In his view, the aim of linguistic communication is the understanding of other people, the understanding of the communicated information and the expression of the attitude towards others. According to Karácsony (2010), Hungarian consciousness manifests in common language, tradition, habits, and arts, and not in common origin and race.

Russian Proverbs About Love and Their Paremiological Reflection in Bulgarian and Polish Cultures

Author(s): Anna Kolpakova / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2020

This tri-lingual Russian-Bulgarian-Polish research, based on the Russian paremiological minimum, is looking into paremiological units in relation to Love and the ways people of different but yet similar cultures express their feelings through proverbs. The source of the current research is the Russian-Slavonic Dictionary of proverbs published in 2000 by M. Yu. Kotova . The actuality of all the proverbs in the research is reviewed and cross-checked against the results of the sociolinguistic paremiological experiment conducted in 2003 – Handbooks of a Paremiographer: Issue 1: Bulgarian paremiological parallels of the Russian paremiological minimum (2013) and Issue 6: Polish paremiological parallels of the Russian paremiological minimum (2019). The author offers literal translations of all of the proverbs selected for this research. The aim of this paper is to uncover possible lacunarities and culturally-tied expressions in the corpora of European cultural memory, particularly in Russian, Bulgarian and Polish. While targeting proverbs of related Slavic languages, this study is approaching the proverbs from an imagology angle targeting culture specific lacunae and investigating close relationships within the languages of the Slavic group.

АСИНХРОНА И СИНХРОНА КОМУНИКАЦИЈА ПОСРЕДОВАНА РАЧУНАРОМ У НАСТАВИ СТРАНИХ ЈЕЗИКА

Author(s): Marina Đukić Mirzayantz,Nevenka Janković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 71/2020

The paper analyses asynchronous and synchronous forms of computer- mediated communication (CMC), their educational potentials and the advantages of using them in foreign language teaching. The paper shows the previous experiences of foreign and domestic teachers. The conclusion is that synchronous virtual encounters improve the skill of oral expression and vocabulary, while asynchronous electronic correspondence is more suitable for developing writing skills and directing attention to specific language rules. Successful use of CMC will depend primarily on the knowl- edge of the advantages and disadvantages of available communication technologies, the experience of teachers and students, and the setting of clear teaching objectives.

Сънищата и сънотълкуването в българската традиционна култура

Author(s): Anatol Anchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

In this article, I offer a summarized survey of the different folklore genres in Bulgarian traditional culture that refer to dreams, dream interpretation and the consequences of dreams. The study is based on a substantial number of narratives of dreams and dream interpretations that I have recorded through fieldwork, and on my research on this topic. I have also utilized published and archive materials, dating since the Bulgarian Revival period until modern times, and published research by folklorists and ethnographers from the distant past until the present day. I delineate the main principles of dream interpretation; the ways of dream interpretation, and the factors that influence it. It is underlined that dream interpretation is part of the cultural education in patriarchal Bulgarian society as an essential element of the skills and practices referring to predicting the future. All of this confirms the fact that dreams and dream interpretation are a significant part of the system of Bulgarian traditional culture. I emphasize the unity of opposites, which is basic for the classification and interpretation of dreams. It is an important characteristic of Bulgarian traditional culture as a whole and also of the Bulgarian culture and language from the Middle Ages until modern times. Simultaneously, I also dwell on the analytical-psychological essence the unity of opposites. Special attention is paid to the crucial role of the context for the correct interpretation of dreams, which corresponds to the method of amplification in Jungian psychology.

Лингвистични механизми при тълкуване на сънищата според Зигмунд Фройд и Карл Густав Юнг

Author(s): Mariya Kitanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The article focuses on certain “points of contact” between the theories of dream interpretation developed by Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung and modern cognitive linguistics. The author underlines the relevance of linguistic transformations such as metaphor, metonymy, symbolization, paronymy, homonymy, paronomasia, and associative networks for Freud’s theory. Attention is also paid to the mechanisms of dream interpretation used by C. G. Jung: associative, metaphorical, and metonymic. The interpretation of symbols is a focal point in the study.

L’imaginaire du sari et de la chevelure dans quelques romans d’Ananda Devi

Author(s): Baba Amine Adakoui / Language(s): French Issue: 21/2022

In her novels, Ananda Devi has always known how to immerse us in texts ennobled by local paintings where matrix India appears through the representation of a Cosmogonic universe dominated by magico-spiritual symbolism. Certain homogeneous interpretations, the fruit of historical constructions, obscure, even sometimes neglect, the deeply rooted heterogeneity of Indian traditions in Mauritius. This “bipolar contrast” (Sen, 2007), the sum of imaginary splices and cultural inter-fusion, nevertheless constitutes the humus of the Mauritian identity built over the course of colonial history. The author then illustrated herself through her writings as a major figure in this form of binary representation of the Mauritian universe. Our study aims at revealing the imaginary amalgams that circulate in Devis texts, starting from forms of discourse and knowledge surreptitiously disseminated in motifs such as the “sari” and “the hair”. By relying on an ethnocritical analysis grid, we will show how the Devi’s ethnotexts (Motsch, 2000), manage by a meiotic effect, to shape a “new humanism” at the antipodes of “orientalist representations” (Said, 1978) and ethnocentric of India as seen by the West.

(Не)Приобщеният хумор: учебникът срещу анкетата

Author(s): Aglaya Mavrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

Provoked by the one-sided placement of humorous texts in the space of Russian language textbooks for secondary school, the report focuses on the fuller disclosure of the linguo-didactic potential of these texts. For this purpose, part of the results of a large-scale survey is presented, establishing the attitudes of language teachers regarding an idea for the integration of humorous texts in Russian language classes. The analyzed results were obtained from answers to questions highlighting the possibility of including humorous texts in a variety of exercises and activities. The conclusions drawn show that texts containing humor can be an effective linguodidactic resource in learning the Russian language in secondary school.

Разказите за пророчески сънища: към изследването на фолклорната култура на сънуване

Author(s): Smiljana Đorđević Belić / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

After a theoretical review of the studies of dreams in anthropologically oriented research, the author especially considers folkloristic studies of the dreams symbolism, as well as the dream stories as a genre. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of field narratives – the stories of prophetic dreams. The focus is on the problems of the interpretation logic, the way of fitting into the autobiographical experience, and the relationship between the individual conceptions of dreams symbolism and the traditional matrices.

Лингводидактологически проблеми при изучаването на езиците висок валириан и клингонски

Author(s): Petar Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article focuses on two fictional languages – High Valyrian and Klingon. Learning them leads to various problems, mostly due to the fact that they are not officially spoken languages, and in practice are used only in the films for which they were created: Game of Thrones and House of the Dragon ( High Valyrian) and Star Trek (Klingon). For this reason, the learning resources are limited due to their specifics; neither are there specialists to teach them. In addition, unlike most spoken languages, neither a level of proficiency can be determined nor any formal certification can be issued for High Valyrian and Klingon. Although there are literary sources which deal with the two languages separately, mostly from the point of view of their lexical and grammatical characteristics, there are yet to be found publications in which the learning of these languages by real users is researched. The paper presents an analysis of the two languages from the point of view of linguodidactology and empruntology. A survey among users who learn the two languages on the Duolingo language learning platform and through other sources is provided. We reach the conclusion that using Duolingo to learn High Valyrian and Klingon leads to efficiency, but not to a 100% proficiency; therefore, additional sources and resources shall be consulted.

ПРОСТОР И ВРЕМЕ У ДЕМОНОЛОШКО-МИТОЛОШКИМ ПРЕДАЊИМА ‒ САВРЕМЕНА ТЕРЕНСКА ИСТРАЖИВАЊА

Author(s): Ana Savić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 79/2022

The paper sheds light on the way in which the categories of time and space in demonological-mythological legends constitute a specific chronotope, reflecting the disturbing atmosphere of encounter with the paranormal. The author seeks to expose the poetics of the demonological-mythological legends, with special empha- sis on their temporal and spatial determinants. In the demonological-mythological legends space and time are deeply related. The paper considers the genre determina- tion of the chronotope in demonological-mythological legends and points out that the construction of the narrative world through temporal and spatial categories must proceed in accordance with certain genre laws, so the audience can recognize the story as demonological-mythological legend. This work is based on the folklore material which was gathered from 2018 to 2019 in the Rasina District. Interviews were conducted with two interlocutors from the village of Ribare.

The Manufactory of Old French Psalters.

Author(s): Chapel Alessia,Vladimir Agrigoroaei / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2023

Pentru a înțelege mai bine relațiile intertextuale dintre psaltirile franceze medievale, întoarcerea la o sursă fundamentală precum Psaltirea de la Oxford (manuscrisul Oxford, Biblioteca Bodleiană, Douce 320) este esențială. Astfel, unul dintre scopurile acestui articol este cel de a pune bazele unui studiu al modificărilor de natură textuală reprezentate de numeroase ștersături care reflectă procesul de redactare și spun povestea acestui manuscris. Deoarece studiul este de amploare, a fost necesară segmentarea lui în mai multe publicații. În această primă etapă, după o introducere care analizează relațiile manuscrisului Douce 320 cu alte manuscrise din familia sa (de exemplu, Londra, British Library, Arundel MS 230), autorii discută ștersăturile legate de fluctuația vocalelor și diftongilor în ortografia anumitor cuvinte. Analiza tratamentului dentalelor finale ocupă apoi secțiuni referitoare la anumite forme verbale ale modurilor indicativ, conjunctiv și participiu. Acestea sunt completate de studii privind ștergerea unui -e- interconsonantic în formele de viitor și oscilarea între -r- și dublu -rr- în formele de viitor ale verbului estre. În cele ce urmează, ștersăturile și/sau corecturile legate de dentale permit de asemenea să fie abordată problema declinării, nu numai în cazul participiilor, ci și a mai multor substantive și adjective. Cercetarea se concentrează apoi pe studii de caz: ștergerea unui –n final în enfer(n), iur(n) și car(n); ezitările scribului legate de ortografia conjuncției car; înlocuirea frecventă a lui q cu c în cuvântul quer/cuer; ezitarea între folosirea conjuncției mais sau a conjuncției acertes; precum și multiplele opțiuni de a traduce sufixul latin –tio. O paranteză deschisă cu privire la anumite adăugiri și/sau corecturi sugerează posibilitatea ca manuscrisul Douce 320 să nu fie o traducere autografă a Psaltirii St. Albans (păstrată la Hildesheim, Dombibliothek, St. Godehard 1). Scribul ar fi folosit mai degrabă o sursă latină cu o glosă vernaculară interliniară. Această deducție pare să fie confirmată și de utilizarea unei liniuțe de unire, pe care copistul o folosește pentru a compensa erori probabile de transcriere. Ipoteza aceasta este susținută mai ales de cercetarea asupra câtorva „ștersături lungi”. Ele par a privi unități de transcriere a căror modificare este legată de structura și interconectarea textuală cu o sursă care prezintă atât un text latin, cât și o glosă interliniară. În încheierea acestei părți, după ce au prezentat, spre comparație, exemple preluate din Psaltirea Winchester și Psaltirea Arundel, autorii propun reconstituirea unui segment de text care ar putea fi mai aproape de sursa manuscrisului Douce 320. Articolul se încheie cu o comparație cu precedentele în limba engleză veche și cu o transcriere a fragmentelor de la Maidstone, Centrul și Biblioteca de Istorie Kent, Fa/Z1 (fragmentul Faversham i). Continuarea cercetării este prevăzută pentru următorul număr al revistei Museikon.

Demontaż idei wolności. Degeneracja dydaktyki w humanistyce?

Author(s): Agnieszka Doda-Wyszyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2024

Didactics is a function of an educational system based on examination-observation of the people who participate in the process of teaching and learning. In the process of conveying knowledge this observation of a student by a teacher/master, and vice versa, every now and then builds a practice of independent thinking. On the one hand, the process enables the development of ideas, but, on the other hand, also distorts them and exposes a humanities student to the pitfall of ideology. In my reflections about the disassembly of ideas and deteriorating education I shall make use of the concept of cognitive bias, the polemic about the contemporary University (Bill Readings), the concept of Jacques Lacan’s discourses, Hannah Arendt’s findings about willing and ideology, and Niklas Luhmann’s assumptions of social systems theory understood as autopoietic systems of codified rules of operation.

Humanism and Posthumanism in the Post-truth Era – Pedagogical Implications

Author(s): Małgorzata Obrycka / Language(s): English Issue: 48/2024

The research problem put forth in this paper is the seeking of an answer to the question about better and more effective ways of acquiring and transferring knowledge in the so-called post-truth era. Therefore, the point of reference here is the category of post-truth, defined as a phenomenon where the objective facts play a lesser role in the process of shaping a widely understood public opinion than emotions, evaluative judgements or personal beliefs. In such circumstances, a set of ideas, models of thinking, as well as ethical proposals – represented within the framework of such concepts as humanism and posthumanism – faces a huge challenge issued by the contemporaneity in the form of gaining social recognition and prestige. The phenomena developing in such process directly influence the way the pedagogical processes are perceived and being designed.

Humanistyczne zakorzenienie vs. egzystencjalna bezdomność: debata Iwanow-Gerszenzon w świetle dylematów historiozofii nowoczesnej

Author(s): Michał Kruszelnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2024

The paper revisits the dialogue between Vyacheslav Ivanov and Mikhail Gershenzon in order to present two essentially different orientations in the approach to humanistic heritage and its meaning in human life. The first of these two perspectives is represented by V. Ivanov who feels amongst the great works of culture “at home,” who praises their charms and spiritual-aesthetic riches. The second perspective – as evoked by Gershenzon – is more pessimistic, existentially inclined, filled with tragic awareness. It points out to the problem of crucial importance to the historiosophical self-awareness of modernity: the accumulation of cultural knowledge and the release of theoretical reflection have alienated the human being and cast it into existential homelessness. The paper further argues that (1) there exists an irreducible hiatus between culture and the reality with its power of negativity, and that (2) the ambassadors of culture, such as Ivanov, conceal this hiatus in an attempt to convince us that theoretical humanistic reflection intensifies our perception of the world, while in Gersenzhon’s historiosophical view it ruins the immediacy and spontaneity of life.

Woodcut Illustrations to the Gospel Text in Early Printed Cyrillic Liturgical Tetraevangelia. Part 1: Lviv editions.

Author(s): Jerzy Ostapczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

Le présent article se concentre sur les cycles d'images narratives de l'Évangile, présents dans les premiers Tétraévangiles liturgiques imprimés en cyrillique et publiés à Lviv. Les sept éditions des Évangiles publiées par l'imprimerie de la Confrérie de Lviv, ainsi que celle publiée par Mykhailo Slozka, comportent de nombreuses illustrations narratives placées en lien direct avec les versets qui décrivent les scènes représentées. Une étude approfondie de ces cycles évangéliques d'images narratives, ainsi que les changements que les illustrations ont subis dans chaque édition, nous permettent de classer les modèles de représentation en trois groupes, et de diviser les huit Tétraévangiles de Lviv en deux groupes. Deux annexes présentent toutes les images narratives gravées sur bois dans les éditions des Évangiles de Lviv. Le premier appendice contient des représentations d'événements évangéliques dans les Tétraévangiles de Lviv, tandis que le deuxième appendice présente les illustrations narratives de l'édition de Mykhailo Slozka.

The Manufactory of Old French Psalters. Part 2. The Genetic Stratigraphy of Douce MS 320 (Continuation) and Its Links with the Maidstone and Orne Fragments.

Author(s): Vladimir Agrigoroaei,Chapel Alessia,Lendinara Patrizia,Delattre Corentin / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

Le présent article s’inscrit dans la continuité de celui qui a été publié en 2023 dans la même revue (The Manufactory of Old French Psalters: Part 1…). Ce deuxième volet comprend d’abord une section de addenda qui complètent certaines parties du précèdent article. S’ajoutent ensuite les érasures dans diverses formes verbales, suivies par un recensement des corrections liées aux préfixes ex– et es–. D’autres séries d’érasures concernent différentes parties du discours: articles définis; pronoms personnels; pronoms réflexifs; formes possessives; démonstratifs; avec une étude de cas sur les choix de traduction du génitif eius, dont plusieurs documentent l’existence d’un antigraphe. Il s’agit souvent d’une hésitation entre les formes faibles et fortes. Des sections com-plémentaires sont consacrées aux érasures des pronoms relatifs et de la conjonction que; à l’adjectif pronominal toz / tuit; aux prépositions; à la conjonction é; aux signes de ponctuation; et aux particules négatives. L’ana-lyse des érasures du manuscrit d’Oxford, Bibliothèque bodléienne, Douce 320 se termine par un examen détaillé des corrections liées à différents phénomènes lexicaux. L’article porte ensuite sur les rapports entre le manuscrit Douce et les fragments de Maidstone, dont la transcription a été publiée dans le premier volet. Suivent une transcrip-tion des fragments de l’Orne (Paris, Archives Nationales, dossier AB xix 1734) et une étude sur l’origine de ces derniers et sur leurs liens avec le texte de Douce. Les choix de traduction pour le latin numquid documentent les liens entre Douce, Arundel (Londres, Bibliothèque britannique, Arundel 230) et Orne. Les choix de traduction du latin exaltare permettent en partie de restituer le texte latin de la source de Douce. Les différentes stratégies de traduction d’Orne, de Douce et d’Arundel semblent être des réécritures d’antigraphes similaires. Toutes ces ana-lyses montrent que Douce, Arundel, Orne et Maidstone proviennent de deux ou plusieurs gloses vernaculaires apparentées. L’article propose ensuite une perspective globale sur les approches vernaculaires de la traduction des psaumes en Angleterre jusqu’au xiiie siècle, qui documente l’interaction des langues vernaculaires anglaises et françaises avec les textes (et l’exégèse) latins. Il se termine par une discussion (appuyée sur deux exemples du xiie siècle) concernant le double pliage du Douce, lié sans doute à sa circulation et à son emploi dans la réalisation des psautiers bilingues à deux colonnes. Le troisième volet du présent article est prévu pour 2025. Il comprendra la transcription du texte de Douce (avec l’accentuation originale et l’emplacement des érasures), ainsi que plusieurs études complémentaires.

Echoes

Author(s): Ana Dumitran / Language(s): English,French Issue: 8/2024

Концептът „родина“ при завърнали се българи

Author(s): Tanya Matanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The present text includes a brief review of the publications and research on the theme of the motherland in Bulgaria and abroad. In the context of the contemporary migration movements some possible aspects and ways of studying motherland concept are also presented. By analyzing the attitudes of the Bulgarian expatriates coming back, the author presents the relation and the images associated with the motherland – i.e. the native home, the coziness of the home, the well-known nature, as well as some fragrances and feelings.