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The Importance of Human Capital as a Strategic Management Factor in the Banking Sector of the Republic of Serbia

Author(s): Goran Pavlović,Srdjan Milićević / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Resources that are rare, valuable, difficult to imitate and substitute are a key factor of competitive advantage. Human capital, which includes unique knowledge, skills, abilities and employee experiences, is one of the most important resources of modern organizations and a key constituent of intellectual capital. Because the competition in the banking sector of the Republic of Serbia is increasingly pronounced, as evidenced by the trend of frequent mergers and acquisitions of banks, it is clear that human capital is of particular importance, due to the fact that the performance of banking operations requires unique knowledge and competencies, as well as agility and willingness of employees to continuously learn and develop. Banks treat investment in human capital as a strategic process that can provide long-term benefits and sustainable competitive advantage, especially when it comes to financial performance. Therefore, creating a competitive advantage for banks requires a strategic approach to human resource management, which will enable the development, improvement and use of human capital. Taking into account the above, the main goal of this paper is to examine the importance of human capital, as a strategic factor, for bank performances in the Republic of Serbia.

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The Place and Role of the Employer Brand in Building an Employee’s Career

Author(s): Suzana Demyen / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The notion of career has been intensely debated in the literature, being an interdisciplinary topic. However, the challenges that organizations currently face are becoming much more numerous and different, as new generations of employees have significantly different characteristics from those of employees from previous generations. Organisations, on the other hand, no longer aim to simply recruit employees; they aim to attract talent, and the image built on the market often decisively influences the recruitment process. However, what is the situation in the Romanian market, what role does it play, and how important is building an employer brand? Is it a decisive factor in the evolution of employees' careers? This paper tries to answer these questions, placing them in a double context - through a theoretical approach, presenting the opinions already formulated by researchers in the field, respectively, through an applied approach, studying through our research what the attitude of employees is towards this subject.

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Analyzing the Effectiveness of Internship Programs from Students’ Perspectives: A Non-parametric Approach

Author(s): Martin Serreqi,Brunilda Kosta,Ledjon Shahini / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article assesses the difference between economics students' expectations and actual internship experiences. Non-parametric statistical analysis was used to examine the variations. This research was divided into two phases. During the first stage, students' expectations for internships were evaluated. The faculty selected a group of students to participate in an experiment, which was an internship program that was thoroughly thought out. Both students and host organizations received support from the faculty throughout the entire process. Pre-and post-internship results showed substantial differences. This article concludes with a discussion of research limitations and conclusions.

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Exploring the Ethical Dimensions of Influencer Communication in the Fashion Industry

Author(s): Ivana Ercegovac,Mirjana Tanasković / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Influencer communication significantly impacts the fashion industry by shaping consumer preferences and purchasing decisions. This research aims to analyze social media consumer perceptions of the ethics of influencer communication in the fashion industry, focusing on understanding sponsored content, credibility, genuineness, and trust in influencer-generated content as a source of fashion product information. A global perspective is taken, with a representative sample of consumers surveyed online. Quantitative research methods are employed, using descriptive statistical analysis to better understand consumer perceptions. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of consumer views on influencer communication ethics and offer potential best practices and guidelines for the fashion industry. The results could benefit fashion brands and influencers by helping them understand their target audience's expectations and improve the authenticity and quality of influencer communication.

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The Impact of Gender, Education, and Age on Installing a Proximity Tracing Application: Survey on a German Population

Author(s): Marina Trkman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

During a crisis such as COVID-19 citizens of countries all over the world were asked to use a proximity tracing application voluntarily and install it on their smartphones. Even though the use of the application in times of the pandemic crises was promoted as crucially important, many citizens refused to install it. In this paper, we raised the question of why. Previous literature confirmed the impact of universal UTAUT predictors, namely, social influence, performance expectancy and effort expectancy, on intention to use. However, the impact of the predictors has not yet been confirmed in actual use. We propose a research model to examine the direct influence of the predictors on actual use. Furthermore, we assess if the impact of age, gender and education on PTA’s use behavior is significant. We present our preliminary results on data collected in Germany.

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Application of Immersive Technology in Heritage Tourism: A Literature Review

Author(s): Suzana Marković,Sanja Raspor Janković,Maja Arslanagić Kalajdžić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Due to digital growth and the need to discover new ways to communicate, promote, and maintain cultural heritage resources, the use of immersive technology to promote heritage tourism is becoming a more widespread practice. Based on a literature review and bibliometric analysis, this study provides insight into the development of this topic and potential directions for future research. The articles considered in this literature review were selected from the Web of Science (WoS) database and published in journals and conference proceedings in a period time from 2017 to 2022. The results obtained from analysis contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the application of immersive heritage tourism experience. Further studies are needed to track the development of these topics and their future application in the heritage tourism context. Directions for further studies are suggested to address the identified gaps.

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Exploring the Impact of Event Experience on Visitors’ Behavioural Intentions

Author(s): Suzana Marković,Sanja Raspor Janković,Martina Gjurašić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between visitors’ event experience and their behavioural intentions. Constructs in the measurement model were operationalized using items derived from related previous research. Data was gathered using questionnaires distributed online. Hypotheses were tested using regression analyses, based on data gathered from 144 event visitors. The results of this study indicate a significant role of event attributes and event experience on visitors’ behavioural intentions. Thus, these findings explain to what extent experiencing the event environment as a whole can generate visitors’ positive behavioural intentions in terms of repeat visits, positive word-of-mouth, and willingness to pay more. Therefore, this study contributes to the existing literature on experience measurement, adding to the knowledge of event experience and event experience outcomes, by introducing event experience as a moderator variable.

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Nove informacijske tehnologije za podršku razvoju kružne ekonomije u okviru Industrije 5.0

Author(s): Sandra Lovrenčić,Iva Gregurec / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The need to preserve resources for future generations initiated the concept of Industry 5.0, and as part of it, the circular economy was emphasized as one of the key elements of achieving sustainability. Industry 4.0 emphasizes digitization and artificial intelligence technologies, while Industry 5.0 focuses on human-centered business, sustainability and resilience. However, the role of information technology in achieving these goals is indisputable, as support for the change that is necessary in the business models of organizations. The paper examines the role of new information technologies in realizing the circular economy, with a focus on the role of artificial intelligence. The main directions of research related to information technology and the circular economy were analyzed and the most important areas of artificial intelligence that could benefit the development of the circular economy were identified. Also, how artificial intelligence can support the change in organizations towards a circular economy, ensuring sustainability within the development of Industry 5.0, is discussed.

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Konvergira li državna potrošnja na zdravstvo u EU?

Author(s): Paola Macanović,Lena Malešević Perović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

This paper empirically assesses the existence of convergence of government expenditures on health among EU countries. Economic integration and market unification within the European Union encourage convergence in incomes, which raises the question of the existence of convergence of some other variables related to income, such as government expenditures on health. This paper, therefore, tests the (beta) convergence of this type of spending within the EU, during the period 2005-2019. The results of empirical testing confirm the existence of convergence in healthcare expenditures per inhabitant, and in GDP, in the observed period.

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Uticaj personalnih novčanih doznaka na poboljšanje socijalnog stanja stanovništva i privrede zemalja primalaca

Author(s): Rade Kovač,Namik Čolaković / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Remittances are a new financial phenomenon and one of the important sources of income for low- and middle-income countries. Although individual remittances are of relatively small value, they collectively represent enormous value, as collectively these flows are three times larger than global official development assistance. Although they are most often used to cover the basic needs of households, at the same time they support the development of skills and opportunities through education and entrepreneurship in some households, and these resources have proven to be crucial for the transformation of local communities, as they enable many families to achieve their own sustainable development goals. The countries of Southeast Europe have been facing large rates of emigration for years, and this has turned into a continuous process, the main cause of which is economic. Although emigration in the long-term context has negative repercussions, because in the long-term it reduces the potential growth rate of GDP and total factor productivity, and the pension and health fund collapses, there are also some positive effects, of a short-term nature, where the receipt of personal remittances stands out in particular. It was remittances that partly contributed to the reduction of the poverty rate, but also amortized the unfavorable effects of foreign trade exchange.

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Demografska struktura Europske Unije

Author(s): Sandra Mrvica Mađarac,Svetlana Šibila,Lana Gubić Kučan / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The European Union consists of 27 European countries, and its goal is the integration and single market of the European continent. The demographic structure affects the economic condition of a state, and the economic condition of the state also affects demographic trends as a cause and effect. The aging of the population is an effect in developed societies, and it arose as a result of various factors (health and social protection, reduced fertility rates, urbanization, industrialization). Despite the decrease in natural growth within the European Union and the aging of the population, the EU is experiencing constant population growth due to a positive migration balance. The age-sex structure is important for the economic development of a country and the development of its population because it results from the balancing of the male and female population, which is important for the reproduction of the population and from which the working-age population is formed. This paper presents and analyzes data from Eurostat on the demographic structure of the population of the European Union: age composition, gender composition, natural demographic factors, educational structure of the population.

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Uvođenje eura 2023. godine i mogući utjecaji na turizam u Republici Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Elvis Mujačević,Zrinka Martić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

On July 1, 2013, Croatia became a member of the European Union and thereby also committed to introducing the euro as its national currency as soon as it is ready. When Croatia’s macroeconomic situation began to develop in a positive trend, it entered the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II) on July 10, 2020, a kind of waiting room for the euro that prepares the country for a major change. Although Croatia is a deeply euroized country, months of adjustment to the euro await it in terms of adjusting prices, information and communication channels, and preventing possible crises and shocks that may affect the country’s economy during the conversion. In order to minimize shocks, efforts are being made to fulfill the Maastricht criteria. All possible positive and negative consequences that can be expected are listed, and through a survey on the perception of citizens, their level of information about the transition to the euro is shown, as well as fears such as price increases, inflation, loss of national sovereignty, as well as positive consequences that will reflect on tourism.

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Poslovno okruženje u Bosni i Hercegovini u kontekstu privlačenja direktnih stranih ulaganja

Author(s): Stevan Petković,Dalibor Misirača,Slobodan Stanić,Dragan Gnjatić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the paper is to provide an overview of the business environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to explain its impact on the inflow of foreign direct investments. The paper will further analyze the structure, amounts and inflow of foreign direct investments that Bosnia and Herzegovina has attracted in recent years. According to data from international organizations reports, and based on most indicators, Bosnia and Herzegovina continues to lag behind neighboring countries. In order to stimulate the flow of foreign direct investments, it is necessary to create preconditions for their greater inflow, but also to create a favorable business environment that will be attractive for foreign investors. Bosnia and Herzegovina must undertake a number of activities, in order to improve the overall business climate. Which existing business obstacles need to be removed as a matter of priority that would result in an increase in foreign direct investments, will also be the subject of consideration in this paper.

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Utjecaj doživljene poduzetničke samoefikasnosti na sklonost primjene efektualne logike

Author(s): Marina Stanić,Ana Jakopec,Sara Delač Marković / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Effective logic is a way of thinking and making decisions characteristic of expert entrepreneurs who make decisions most often under conditions of high uncertainty. The tendency to apply effectual logic is related to the perception of control over a certain situation and its outcomes, while the perception of control is closely related to the experience of self-efficacy. The goal of the research is to test the assumption that an individual who believes in his abilities to perform a certain task (high level of self-efficacy), will have a stronger sense of control over events and will be more inclined to apply effectual logic in decision-making. The research included an experimental design, and the data were collected from a sample of students of the Faculty of Economics as representatives of the population of potential entrepreneurs. The research results show that the group of respondents with an induced higher perception of entrepreneurial self-efficacy is more inclined to apply effective logic when making decisions in hypothetical business situations compared to the group of participants with an induced low perception of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the control group of respondents.

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Stavovi i znanje mladih osoba prema kreditu

Author(s): Goran Karanović,Elvis Mujačević,Emma Superina / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The research was conducted to examine the knowledge and attitude of young people towards credit. The total sample of respondents is 77 young people, and the survey was conducted with the help of a structured online questionnaire among the student population. The results indicate the importance of saving, but also the lack of practice among the surveyed population. There is room for improving knowledge related to loans and creditworthiness as well as more complex financial terms. A lack of knowledge about investments in securities and investment funds was observed. The limitations of this research can be seen in the smaller sample, but also the sample of the student population. Recommendations for further research are to expand the sample to the entire population and not only to highly educated young people with an economic orientation and to use a larger sample for more significant statistical confirmation.

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Utjecaj radne klime na zadovoljstvo zaposlenika

Author(s): Mirjana Nedović,Tatjana Andraković / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The work climate in the workplace affects the behaviour of employees. A positive working climate is stimulating and contributes to the achievement of the company’s goals, and vice versa, in the case when a bad working climate begins to be demotivating for employees, it reduces their work performances. Consequently, the working environment represents a challenge for its management, which needs to find appropriate tools and apply motivational techniques which will improve the work climate and promote organizational culture. This work aims to find out the level of employee satisfaction within the work climate and business conditions and to identify possibly negative factors that affect employees. This paper analyses the results of the research that was carried out employing a questionnaire on 36 respondents and their attitude towards the working environment. In the paper were applied scientific methods of analysis, along with the surveying research method. The results of the research will be a useful tool for the management when identifying all the factors that hinder a positive work climate, as well as for the identification of those factors that need to be fostered and developed because they create employee satisfaction and their positive attitude towards work.

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Fitnes kao niša sportskog turizma u Europskoj uniji s osvrtom na Republiku Hrvatsku

Author(s): Andreja Rudančić,Mirna Šoštar,Sandra Šokčević / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In the modern tourist offer, the phenomenon of fitness is seen as recreation in the function of preserving and restoring the health of individuals and groups and increasing the quality of their life. The paper analyzes the habits of the inhabitants of the European Union in terms of leisure and physical activities to maintain a good physical condition of the organism and health well-being. The purpose of the work is to investigate and argue the importance of fitness as a niche of sports tourism in the European Union regarding the Republic of Croatia from the aspect of recreation as part of sports tourism and wellness as a component of health tourism. When analyzing the topic, relevant data from the primary surveys of the Eurobarometer of the European Union were used and compared with the results of the research of the Institute for Tourism of the Republic of Croatia. The general conclusion is that the Croatian average representation of fitness as a leisure activity is much lower compared to the European average.

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Interesne skupine i veličina javnog sektora: Postoji li veza?

Author(s): Silvia Golem / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Well-organized and powerful interest groups can benefit from various government actions to the detriment of the general population of taxpayers. In exchange for such favors, special interest groups offer political support directly or indirectly by influencing the views of the general public, or both. The benefits to each individual of small special interest lobbying groups can be enormous, while the costs of such political “transactions” are usually distributed through higher taxes (or debt) to the entire population of taxpayers. Consequently, the costs to the average taxpayer appear small and are therefore likely to be tolerated. As a result, there is little cost to the government to satisfy interest group demands, while the (political) benefits can be substantial. In this way, interest groups can ultimately influence the actions of the government and its share in the economy. However, not all interest groups are equally effective in achieving their goals. The main goal of this paper is to investigate theoretical assumptions and empirical attempts to assess the relationship between the size of the public sector in the economy and interest groups.

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Neoliberalna ekonomija u sudaru sa pravoslavnom eklisiologijom

Author(s): Nenad D. Dugalić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The lack of ideas (principles) of modern society results in the undeification of the economy and the identification of human progress with economic growth and development. The tendency is to minimize the influence of any moral and spiritual values that could prevent material benefit. The continuous accumulation of capital and the enormous increase in profits, without any ultimate meaning, leads to an economic and social crisis. The problem is not in progressive development but in one-sidedness and absurd economic growth whose goal is to create surplus value and not to serve human needs. This is exactly why social problems and social inequalities occur, where man is not seen as a unique psychophysical being created from God's love. Consequently, in this paper, an attempt is made to at least slightly indicate the quite divergent relations between the Orthodox tradition and the neoliberal economy in the modern world.

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Nastava usmjerena na učenika

Author(s): Jasmina Kurpejović,Marinko Savić,Ibro Skenderović,Suada Aljković Kadrić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

An educational system that is based on tasks that are implemented on didactically shaped content, through various forms and with the help of different means and socially determined goals, is called teaching. A planned educational system, which is managed by the teacher to help students develop personalities, and acquire new habits, knowledge and skills. Teaching is not limited to one day, week, or month, it always lasts for a longer period because it is a procedural activity until the participants or students achieve the goals set by the curriculum. It is necessary to show the basic content of that activity. It educates the participants or trainees. If it is reduced only to the upbringing aspect, or even only to the educational aspect, it is wrong, there were many such attempts, but they were not successful, but wrong. Active teaching is a modern form of teaching that is successfully applied in modern schools.

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