Dividing a cake (or) Distributional values in the measurement of economic inequality: an expository note

Author(s): S. Subramanian / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

Distributional judgments’—judgments on the extent of inequality in the distribution of income and wealth—are routinely made by economists in exercises aimed at comparing inequalities in alternative situations. Yet the measurement of inequality is informed by certain nuances, which it would do well to be attentive to. In particular, the values underlying measurement protocols are not always made explicit, which tends to lend a somewhat misleading semblance of ‘value-neutrality’ to the activity of measurement. It is argued, with specific reference to the problem of inequality measurement, that such an orientation can compromise the possibility of accurate diagnosis and appropriate policy prescription. There is little that is original in this article, and much that is owed to the pioneering contributions of Serge-Chritophe Kolm. The emphasis throughout is on explicating an important issue through a deliberate effort at achieving simplicity in both argument and expression.

Subjective preferences and alternative costs

Author(s): William Barnett II,Walter E. Block / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

Subjective preferences and alternative costs

Deep History: a rejoinder

Author(s): David Laibman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

Virtual Community Characteristics as Success Factors for Crowdfunding Projects

Author(s): Teodora Marinova / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2019

In this paper I investigate the factors influencing the likelihood of crowdfunding projects’ success by analyzing data from the crowdfunding platform Kickstarter. The research focus is on the influence of virtual community characteristics. The results show that the probability of project success is positively influenced by a higher number of project supporters but a larger amount of comments on the project, controlled for project definition factors, is found to decrease the likelihood of project success. This is in line with previous findings of a double-edged impact of the size of the virtual innovation community and the amount of peer-to-peer interaction on the likelihood of successful innovation input by the participants.

Charakter ulg, zwolnień, wyłączeń oraz zniżek i zwyżek podatkowych w podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych

Author(s): Mieczysław Staniszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2018

The basic function of taxes is fiscal function, because the main objective of imposing the obligation to pay taxes on the citizens is providing the funds necessary for sustaining a country. They also serve non-fiscal purposes. In such cases tax accumulation is used, including tax reliefs, exemptions, reductions and rises. This makes the structure of the tax complicated, which in turn makes the tax system unintelligible and prone to fraud. The goal mentioned above can be achieved in a simpler way by changing the tax minimum. However the tax minimum should be diverse, depending not only on the income but also on the personal situation.

Ustawowe prawo pierwokupu gminy

Author(s): Marek Stawecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2018

Pre-emptive right means that a specific entity is entitled to pre-emptive right to acquire an item/property when its owner sells this item/property. The nature of the pre-emption right is, in fact, to restrict the item’s owner as to his freedom to decide on the object of the sale in respect to the potential entity who will acquire a given item/property. The property which the pre-emptive right concerns can be sold to the third party only on the condition that the party entitled to the pre-emption right will not execute this right. The pre-emption right was described mainly in the regulations of the Civil Code. These regulations apply to all the cases of pre-emption right unless this right was interpreted otherwise in detailed provisions. The statutory right of pre-emption that the commune is entitled to under the Act on Real Estate Management was not regulated in this act in a sufficient way. In such situation it is necessary to refer to the code regulations which are applied to the right of pre-emption in case no detailed provisions on this law can be found. The pre-emptive right of the commune is regulated in the non-code provisions. The provisions that deserve special attention are the regulations from the Act on Real Estate Management from 21.08.1997 (coherent text of the Journal of Laws from 2010 No.102, item 651 with amendments). The pre-emptive right is executed by a district administrator, a town mayor or the president of the city with reference to real property in the commune area. The real property mentioned above can be sold to the third party on special conditions. Both a seller and a purchaser can sign the agreement only on transferring the property. The actual result involving transferring the right to property ownership on the buyer can only be effective when an additional agreement of the parties is signed. The sale made unconditionally is invalid.

Określanie wartości nieruchomości

Author(s): Marek Stawecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2018

The assessment of real property value is made, irrespective of the nature of the value, as a result of valuation of the real property. Real estate appraiser is authorized to conduct these actions and he gives in writing his opinion regarding the value of the property in the form of appraisal study. The way of assessing the value of real property i.e. choosing the right approach, method as well as techniques of property valuation is made by the above mentioned entity taking into account especially the purpose of the valuation, type and location of the property, the function it was assigned to in the local plan, technical infrastructure equipment level and utilities as well as available data regarding the prices of similar properties. The whole process of real property valuation should be proceeded by a thorough analysis of real estate market including the comprehensive price analysis based on all data available. However, the scope of this market must be assessed with taking into account the differences appearing in the territory of a given town or city.

Kilka uwag o zjawisku samoregulacji na rynku bankowym w nowej architekturze nadzorczej

Author(s): Magdalena Fedorowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2018

The aim of the paper A few remarks on the phenomenon of the self-regulation on the banking sector in the new supervisory architecture is to analyze the phenomenon of the self-regulation and its question and meaning for the functioning of the financial institutions in the new financial regulatory architecture, established by European System of Financial Supervision and the European Banking Union. The thesis and conclusions of this paper concern the issue of reducing the phenomenon of self-regulation on the financial market (in this paper in banking sector) and changes in the content of the term „self-regulation” and also underscore the role of hard law and binding supervisory instruments on the financial market after the crisis, due to new supervisory regulatory paradigm. The analysis of this paper were discussed on the example of Polish Banking Law Act, especially in the area of internal banking risk management, the internal banking supervision and whistleblowing for defending the conclusions presented in this paper.

Mediacja jako metoda rozwiązywania konfliktów społecznych

Author(s): Marek Suchanek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2018

Mediation is an effective way of resolving social conflicts. It is a method to achieve satisfactory agreement accepted by both parties. This process uses impartial professional mediator. Such person helps to objectify and refine our own expectations and also in some instances can help to revaluate initial demands. The aim of the process is to shift the focus from winning with the opponent to winning with the problem. One of the benefits of mediation is its flexibility regarding the subject, time and place. This helps to find optimal solution and resolve existing disagreements and prevent future conflicts.

The prohibition of placing a sole appellant in a worse position in the Polish proceeding before an administrative court – evolution of institution

Author(s): Paweł Górecki / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2018

The prohibition on the worsening of the legal situation of the appellant is an expression of the individual’s rights protection and a requirement of the rule of law. If it did not exist in Polish legal system the position of an entity taking part in court proceedings would be much worse than it is. The prohibition on the worsening of the legal situation guarantees respect for acquired rights and their constancy.

Uwarunkowania bezpieczeństwa podpisu elektronicznego

Author(s): Karol Sroka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2018

The European Union is reforming the legal and standardization conditions for electronic signatures. The aim of this work is to introduce uniform treatment and recognition of trust services on the international market, especially by public sector institutions. One of the effects of this process may be the dissemination and increase of the areas of applicability of procedures and electronic signature infrastructure. The article attempts to identify the most important factors determining the security of using these tools.

ПЕТТЕ ОБЩЕСТВЕНИ ДОГОВОРА – ПРОБЛЕМИ И РЕШЕНИЯ ЗА БЪЛГАРИЯ

Author(s): Bancho Banov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The Article takes credit from notorious book of Jean Jacques Rousseau “The Social Contract“and develops the idea.The author stipulates the thesis that nowadays, especially for small countries like Bulgaria, there are not one – but five social contracts.First – between the voters and the parties in National Parliament.Second between ruling Party in Parliament and domestic business.Third –between the ruling Party (and the state itself) and foreign creditors of the country – including access to domestic markets by foreign firms. Fourth – between the ruling Party (and the state itself) and foreign companies for access to domestic resources.And fifth between the ruling Party (and the state itself) and foreign countries for the defense of the country. The contracts are fulfilled from No. 5 towards No.1.All cost money for the domestic economy.It depends how they are concluded for the fact whether there will be enough money for contact No.1 – between the ruling party and its citizens.

ПОЛИТИЧЕСКА ИКОНОМИЯ НА СОЦИАЛНИЯ СТАТУС: ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИ И СОЦИАЛНОПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ЕФЕКТИ ОТ СТАТУСНОТО СЪРЕВНОВАНИЕ НА ПАЗАРИТЕ, НА КОИТО ПОБЕДИТЕЛИТЕ ПОЛУЧАВАТ ВСИЧКО

Author(s): Teodor Sedlarski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

This paper elaborates on the impact of two phenomena on economic behavior which only recently became study object of standard economic analysis – social status and the spread of ‘Winner-take-all’ markets.The newly gained knowledge in the field improves the explanation power of economic theory regarding certain market tendencies in developed Western economies in the last decades, but also sheds light on their socio-psychological repercussions.The combined perspective helps epxlore the problem of the long-term sustainability of today’s market organization of the social interaction between society’s members.This research can be used to outline possible paths for enhancing the socioeconomic order, as well as to predict eventual social pressures towards institutional change in given areas of social life.The analyzed problems can be seen as part of the recently forming ‘political economy of social status.’

Ryszard Zięba, The Euro-Atlantic Security System in the 21st Century. From Cooperation to Crisis, Springer International Publishing, Cham (Switzerland) 2018, 288 ss.

Author(s): Marlena Drygiel-Bielińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Bruno Maçães, The Dawn of Eurasia. On the Trail of the New World Order, Allen Lane, Penguin Books, London 2018, 281 ss.

Author(s): Monika Serzysko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Smart hospital – our experience

Author(s): BOŽIĆ Velibor / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2019

Smart Hospital is an interesting concept with the help of which we want to improve the business processes in our hospital. The main processes are patient care and management, but all other processes in the hospital can be improved too. This text is a sort of case study and it tries to show how we in our hospital work in the context of "clever".

THE ROLE OF ONLINE ADVERTISING IN THE PROMOTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN TUZLA CANTON

Author(s): Nerma Halilagić,Amela Bešlagić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The development of the Internet has advanced the possibilities of online advertising through the World Wide Web, e-mail and social networks. For higher education institutions it is well-known that in developed economies they were aside for a number of years when it comes to the application of modern marketing, and for a long time they did not perceive, nor did they notice marketing as a business philosophy. Therefore, the subject of this research paper is online advertising of higher education institutions in Tuzla Canton area. The aim of the paper was to identify the role of online advertising in the promotion of higher education institutions in Tuzla Canton, which conduct similar study programs as the International Business Information Academy Tuzla, and also students’ attitudes toward online advertising in the above mentioned higher education institutions. The methodology of this paper includes methods of analysis and synthesis in order to present the previous theoretical and empirical knowledge established in the field of online advertising of higher education institutions. It was found that online advertising contributes to better promotion of higher education institutions rather than advertising on traditional media,. The results of the research represent a suitable framework for the planning and implementation of marketing activities of higher education institutions in Tuzla Canton, with a special focus on online advertising.

Čimbenici razvoja zdravstvenog i kulturnog turizma u Bjelovaru do 1941. godine

Author(s): Mira Kolar-Dimitrijević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 6/2012

Bjelovar may be approached from all sides. It may be reached from the rivers Drava and Sava, from the regions of Prigorje and Moslavina. Such location has determined also its position as the centre of the continental tourism of the Bjelovar-Bilogora County, the Koprivnica-Križevci County and the Zagreb County. Health and cultural (i.e. economic) tourism has become the mainstay of its influence on the surroundings, which differed through time in shape and content, depending on the people who had lived and worked there in the period 1756–1941. Since the military age, when only the military elite had been involved in this development, after 1873, the bourgeois society became stronger and, thanks to Dr. Milan Rojc and other officials, coming from as far as the Croatian Littoral, who were stationed in Bjelovar, but also to wealthy tradesmen, social life broadened, becoming thereby more and more bourgeois and massive. This progress was, naturally, very slow and gradual. The topic is comprehensive and rich in events and protagonists.

The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and their Implementation in Germany and the Czech Republic

Author(s): Harald Christian Scheu,Jitka Brodská / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

In this paper the authors focus on the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights of 2011 which present the most ambitious international attempt to tackle the problem of business and human rights. The authors deal with the genesis and the added value of the UN Guiding Principles and analyze which legal tools may be used by victims against business entities that have violated their human rights. A special view is given on law and legal practice in Germany and in the Czech Republic. Although the UN Guiding Principles, so far, have had only little influence on national rules concerning jurisdiction, procedural and material law in liability cases we find that their pontential shall not be underestimated. We expect that the implementation of the UN Guiding Principles will lead to a reform of national procedural regulations. States will have to consider ways how to introduce new procedural instruments like e.g. representative action and class action and how to address issues concerning evidence in international cases.

Predgovor: Salih Burek – čovjek uspravnog hoda

Author(s): Kadrija Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 85-86/2019

Salih Burek (1924–2014) je jedan od najuglednijih ekonomista Bosne i Hercegovine, profesor i nosilac ekonomske misli tuzlanskog područja od sredine pedesetih do sredine sedamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća. Zbog kritičkog pristupa prema partijskom vođenju tuzlanskog bazena i obrazlaganju suprotstavljenih ekonomskih koncepcija razvoja hemijske industrije u Tuzli, nemilosrdno je politički diskreditiran i uklonjen iz javnoga života.