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"ŁAD POSTLIZBOŃSKI" W EUROPIE

Author(s): Piotr Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The author of the article puts forward a thesis that the period in the international relations that came after the Cold War has already been completed and we are now in another one, to which he gives the name of the Post-Lisbon order. So far, in the discourse on the international relations it is called the post-Cold War order, without a clear distinction of its timeframe. The author, who presents a theoretical introduction of the definition of the international order which he perceives as a way of determining the relationship between international actors, who also presents the most important provisions of the Treaty of Lisbon and the New NATO Strategic Concept (adopted in Lisbon), called the new period a post-Lisbon order. By analyzing the presented problems the article constitutes an attempt to prove the thesis which was put forward at the beginning.

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MODERNIZACJA TECHNICZNA W SIŁACH ZBROJNYCH RZECZPOSPOLITEJ POLSKIEJ I W SIŁACH ZBROJNYCH FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ – WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA

Author(s): Damian Jasiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The article presents the problem of technical modernization in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. In both countries, for more than ten years, one can notice increased efforts to improve the functioning of the armed forces and the increase in the amount of modern weapons. The intensification of works and activities in the above-mentioned area was affected by a number of important factors that significantly increased the speed of arms replacement processes. The article introduces the process of implementation of Plans for Technical Modernization of the Armed Forces, their assumptions and evaluation of performance in Poland and the Russian Federation. Moreover, the most important reforms aimed at improving the functioning of the armed forces and the systematic introduction of modern systems into the armaments were presented. The most important and the most interesting constructions from the point of view of national defense were characterized.

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«УМНЫЕ МАШИНЫ» – ВЫЗОВ ДЛЯ ЭТИКИ И ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

Author(s): Anton Vasilev,Olga Vasileva,Dariusz Szpoper / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

The article deals with the legal aspects of the use of artificial intelligence technology. The authors emphasise a low level of normative regulations which concern the use of artificial intelligence in Russia, taking into account the active and widespread application of this technology in various spheres of life. Developments in the field of artificial intelligence raise very seriousethical and legal issues. Among legal issues, such as the nature of artificial intelligence, the existence of a legal personality, the problem of liability for damage caused by artificial intelligence, the impact on the legal profession, etc., need to be considered. Particular attention is paid to the need to develop a legal concept of artificial intelligence in order to build an effective model of legal regulation. The article analyzes the attempts to define artificial intelligence in specialist and legal literature. The use of such concepts as neural networks, machine learning, super intelligence, supercomputers is underlined. Single attempts to develop legal definitions in South Korea and the European Union are also mentioned. Following the results of the research, the authors proposed the following features of artificial intelligence: the existence of a technical device or cyberphysical system; ability to receive, process and transfer information; ability to work autonomously; self-learning based on the analysis of information and experience; self-awareness; thinking and the ability to make independent decisions.

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ZAKŁAD STWARZAJĄCY ZAGROŻENIE WYSTĄPIENIA POWAŻNEJ AWARII PRZEMYSŁOWEJ NA PRZYKŁADZIE POLPHARMA S.A. W STAROGARDZIE GDAŃSKIM

Author(s): Grzegorz Pietrek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The industrial serious failure causes huge losses within the natural environment and the life of people and animals. The city of Starogard Gdański, in which the Pharmaceutical Plant Polpharma S.A. is located must put great emphasis on well-trained services of the city and the system of the crisis management. It is necessary because it is a plant classified as a high risk of a serious industrial failure and the production technology is mainly based on the use of dangerous substances. Therefore, it is worth considering the question of the extent the services and the crisis management system of the city of Starogard Gdański are prepared in serious accident in Polpharma S. A.

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GREMIUM „ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI” I „WPŁYWU” – RADA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA ONZ W POLITYCE ZAGRANICZNEJ FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ

Author(s): Damian Jarnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The United Nations can be a proof of the integration capacity of humanity but at the same time a mirror of vertical and horizontal problems. It is a sensitive organization for the global collective security system, which is often subject to criticism. It results from the critics' failure to fulfill their universal destiny, especially in the existential issue of security. The reasons for the alleged UN indolence should be seen in the structural and functional aspects of its organization and procedure. An important issue implicating a certainUN condition is a kind of dualism of provenance of the organization's destiny, based on one hand on responsibility for the fate of the world, on the other hand the tendency to influence its fate by the main states of the so-called "five" of the UN Security Council. In the context of the above observations, the specifics of the presence of the Russian Federation as one of the playmakers will be analyzed.

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CHALLENGES FOR THE LAND CORRIDORS OF THE ‘ONE BELT, ONE ROAD’ PROJECT

Author(s): Zdzisław Śliwa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The paper aims to analyse the status and challenges related to the land corridors of the visionary ‘One Belt, One Road’ concept promoted by China. Its importance is connected with the global reach creating enormous opportunities for involved nations, and the thesis is that it will continue although there are significant obstacles to specific land corridors. The paper utilises qualitative research based on official documents and data related to the project applying analysis, critical synthesis, desk research, and comparative studies methods. Quantitative data are used only for case studies. The paper will allow comprehending the respective corridors and the whole project concerning security and corresponding nations’ interests.

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ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ В СИСТЕМЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РФ

Author(s): Tatyana Plotnikova,Vadim Kharin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

Food is a vital element of the functioning of society. Without food, humans, as a species, simply cannot exist. Ensuring food security of the country is one of the priority directions of state economic policy, the most important factor in the economic security of the nation, one of the main tasks of governmental bodies. The article analyzes the conceptual regulation of the term “food security”. Food security is an important component of the security system of Russia. By ensuring the food security, the inviolability of the state and its sovereignty are ensured, the demographic situation, the socio-economic provisions of the population are maintained, the necessary and sufficient conditions are formed to maintain the health and quality of life of citizens of the Russian Federation. Within the framework of the article, the main directions of ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation and their implementation are considered.

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Climate variability and sesame production in the rural community of Bérégadougou, Burkina Faso

Author(s): Salifou Sanogo,Bienvenue Lawankiléa Chantal Noumpoa Karambiri,Mahamoudou Badini,Isidore Pawendkisgou Yanogo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

In Burkina Faso, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is the second most important export crop after cotton. In the rural commune of Bérégadougou, it is the second most important cash crop after groundnuts. This oilseed is essentially a rainfed crop and is there-fore largely dependent on rainfall. The aim of this article is to analyze sesame production in a context of climatic variability. To achieve this, the research methodology is based on a global geographical approach that integrates meteorological data (1991-2021), climatic parameters and fieldwork. The results show a rainfall pattern with a rainy season (May to October) and a dry season (November to April). Inter-annual rainfall trends over the analysis period show that rainfall is always above 500mm, whatever the year. Similarly, whatever the year, the average temperature is always above 27°C. These variations in rainfall and temperature have no impact on sesame production. Family farmers also gave 92% of their produce as evidence of their acceptance of climatic variability.

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Spatial differentiation and local development: Divergent transition paths of three Serbian municipalities

Author(s): Andreas Winkler / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article analyzes spatial differentiation within post-socialist transition using the examples of the economic developments of three small and medium-sized Serbian towns. The selection of smaller towns as objects of study fulfills a general research desideratum in geographical transition research. This study combines quantitative and qualitative methods and follows a historical-geographical approach. In order to shed light on the various characteristics of the disrupted post-socialist transition in Serbia, the period under investigation is defined as 1988 to 2011, which covers the two main phases of the Serbian transition: a period of disintegration (1991-2000) and a period of reorganization (2000/01-2011). By applying a novel mix of theories, it is possible to make statements be-yond an overly simplistic center-periphery paradigm and uncover the underlying path dependencies and economic legacies that lead to specific local transition paths. In addition, this theoretical approach also enables the identification of general patterns and typologies of local development in the transition process: centralization, peripherization and marginalization. The development trajectories of the three municipalities exemplify that the particular post-socialist transition in Serbia also produces particular spatial differentiations, namely strongly delayed centralization tendencies that nonetheless still reflect the specific Yugoslav economic and institutional legacies.

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The Role of Managerial Skills Through Coaching Within the Contemporary Economy

Author(s): Ionela Stanca Petruta,Denisa Mihaela ȘULĂ,Liliana Ionela NICOLAE ȘTEFAN / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The research aims to study the improvement of managerial skills through coaching, in service-providing and goods-producing industries. The reason for this research started from the need for studies on the coaching market in Romania that would result in concrete data regarding the level of benefits that such services can provide to clients from various industries. The need is to be able, both as a provider and as a user of coaching services, to refer to certain values that determine whether coaching services bring added value, and if so, how much. Starting from this need and from the theoretical areas of known benefits that coaching services bring to clients, the area on which the research will be focused was determined. Thus, the main objective was defined as obtaining a package of values that would determine the level of impact of coaching services on the managerial skills of management personnel in Romanian industries. This general objective gave birth to the objective of determining a model of managerial skills with an impact on managerial performance, which can be developed and improved through coaching programs.

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Female Entrepreneur Leadership Style and Business Success

Author(s): Nkiruka Eugenia Ifekwem,Jennifer Chinenye OKEY-NWOSU / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This study examines the effect of leadership styles in enhancing business success. The objective of the study was to identify leadership styles adopted by female entrepreneurs and examined the key characteristics of leadership style differences by gender. Data collected were statistically analyzed using frequency distribution, chi-square and correlative methods were used to establish basis for accepting or rejecting the stated hypotheses. The study revealed that female entrepreneurs have engaged themselves in varieties of leadership styles, amongst are transformational leadership, democratic style, autocratic leadership, etc. However, while making gender comparison, findings revealed that male performs excellently in entrepreneurial leadership compare to female who faces constraints from social structure, culture and tradition. Meanwhile, some of the challenges women faced in their entrepreneurial endeavours was attributed to poor communication skills, poor time management, lacking of basic management skills and information, and insufficient fund to influence cash flow. The study, therefore, recommends that women entrepreneurs should be given full support against all issues that may be affecting their progress in entrepreneurship. Issues such as social/family structure, culture, tradition, lacking of basic management skills and information, and insufficient fund should be dealt with through the cooperation of family empathy and support, personal growth management and government support programme should be transformed in this favour.

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Sustainability Reporting. Does Company Performance Matter?

Author(s): Leonina Emilia Baciu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

This paper investigates whether high profit companies are associated with sustainability reporting in terms of Global Reporting Initiative Reports (GRI). A value relevance study was conducted for the Forbes 2000 Global the World's Most Important Companies by using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) the multiple regression modelling and probit models. Results indicate that profitability seems not to influence sustainability reporting by GRI standards on the analyzed companies, yet significant coefficients have been observed in the case of material industry (negative impact) and utilities industry (positive impact). The results may be useful for further research on the reasons companies chose to disclose sustainability information by using the GRI framework. The paper abstract will be written in Times New Roman, size 10 pt., Italic style. The abstract will be included in a text-box, which is similar to the one which is exemplified in this model. The abstract will be submitted in English version only, and it will contain: - the term “Abstract”; - the text of the abstract. The abstract will be approximately 120-180 words and it should emphasize, by using short and concise sentences, several elements, such as: the paper objectives, the paper background, the research methods, the methods used in data-collecting process, the expected results and the conclusions of the research. The abstract aims to emphasize the relevance and the quality of the research. Thus, it is recommended to avoid using references/footnotes within this paragraph.

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Strategic Direction and Progress of the UAE Tourism Industry

Author(s): Tariq Hassan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Travel tourism is one of the most significant forms of tourism. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has invested heavily in travel tourism in many ways. This has proved to be one of the best decisions made by the government. Travel tourism has positively contributed to the economic and soft power development of the country. The UAE has taken many steps, such as investing in health care and public-private partnerships, and has proved to be very successful during and after the outbreak of Covid-19. After a careful analysis of the literature, this paper discusses how the UAE government has taken major steps, the progress in the economy, and the soft power of the country. Health tourism has indeed become one of the major sources of the country's economic development as well as the development of the country's soft power, resulting in the emergence of the UAE as one of the most preferred destinations for health tourism.

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Equity Challenges in Romanian Education: Towards Sustainable Education for all Students

Author(s): Lavinia-Ștefania ȚOȚAN,Raluca-Corina DAWED / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

This article aims to analyze, from the perspective of the objectives of sustainable development, as they were stated in the report of the World Commission of Environment and Development (WCED), "Our Common Future", the challenges faced by the education system in Romania, especially those that come from the perspective of equity, ensuring access to education (regardless of level), its ability to offer equal chances and opportunities that allow students to develop and reach their own potential. The multiple reforms of the system had the objective of increasing quality, adapting it to the fast pace of changes in society, economy or technologies, to the prospects of preparing graduates for a better insertion in a labor market that is also changing. Beyond the output of the system, which can be evaluated from the perspective of sustainable development, it is important that the system itself evaluates to what extent it satisfies these objectives. To what extent is the equity of the system ensured, how deep are the gaps between urban and rural environments in terms of access to resources, to what extent is social inequity reproduced in the educational system, how much is the principle of equal opportunities respected, are aspects of maximum importance in defining a sustainable education system. The main objective of the article is to realize an econometric model between dropout rate and the proportion of education expenditures.

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Vegetal Agricultural Production in Romania - Trends and Structural Implications

Author(s): Anton-Theodor DIMITRIU / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

The objective of the paper is to identify the current situation in Romania in terms of the vegetable agricultural sector, based on the data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in Romania, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The research question is: how the agricultural area has been modified in the period 1990-2020 and what are the implications on vegetal origin production? In pursuing this, statistical data on agricultural areas and the productions obtained are analysed. The results of the research show that the agricultural area in Romania has decreased since 1990, as well as the agricultural production among certain products, which has implications for ensuring food security, Generally, Romania ensures its population’s food security, even if in the last period the agricultural area decreased concomitantly with the production.

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The Fusion of Advanced Technology: Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality in the Cruise Industry and Global Hospitality Organizations

Author(s): Carmen Florentina VLASCEANU,Teodorov Alexandru VALENTIN,Gabriela Țigu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

The cruise industry and global hospitality organizations have consistently showcased a prime focus on delivering exceptional customer experiences. In contemporary times, significant breakthroughs in technology, notably the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR), have emerged as instrumental tools in enhancing the quality of service and customer perception. This article investigates the significant influence of AI and VR technologies on the cruise industry as well as multiple sectors within the realm of hospitality. Incorporating scholarly research and industry case studies, we underscore the significance of these technologies in relation to the customer experience and explore the ways in which they can enhance the standard of service. The main research aims focus on elucidating the role that AI and VR play in enriching customer experiences and enhancing service quality while emphasizing the significance of these technologies within these industries. Methodologically, this research draws upon a comprehensive review of academic literature and real-world examples to provide an in-depth analysis of the subject. The results highlight the crucial importance of AI and VR technologies in hospitality industry. The utilization of AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants has brought about a paradigm shift in personalized customer service, data-driven decision making, and the enhancement of the overall guest experience. Similarly, Virtual Reality (VR) facilitates immersive virtual tours, training sessions and professional development for employees, while also providing distinctive experiences for guests. These technologies play a crucial role in attaining convenience, personalization, efficiency and competitive edge, all of which make substantial contributions to enhancing the cruise customer experience. Based on these findings, several recommendations can be put forth for enterprises functioning in the cruise and hospitality industries. The initial step to be considered by the hospitality organizations is the allocation of resources towards AI-driven systems that facilitate tailored customer interactions and data analysis, thereby enabling the enhancement of decision-making through well-informed processes. It is imperative to prioritize the integration of virtual reality (VR) technology for the purposes of providing virtual previews, facilitating staff training and enhancing the guest’s experience. Therefore, businesses must continuously innovate and adapt to stay competitive in the evolving technological landscape.

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Foundational Economy and Regulation for Sustenability: from “Rurbanisation” to Rural Futurism

Author(s): Răzvan HOINARU,Marian Oancea,Bogdan-Paul SAFTIUC,Daniel BUDA,Cosmin-Alexandru TEODORESCU / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Sustainability provides another framework of understating the duality between urban and rural development. While the rural space has been generally perceived as a passive and slow adaptor of urban quality of life, rural development has its own logic, pace and strategy. Urban areas are characterized by disruptions, focal points of development, innovation, dynamism and lack of animals. These values try to make the best for sustainability which is perceived as a next step for the civilized world. Despite this rather logical perspective, the argument of this article is that rural areas are natural starting points for sustainability due to prudent actions, a conservative model of governance, social care (non-alienation), protection of bio-diversity, etc. The structure of the argument is to present what mainstream sustainability is, map out sustainability actions and solutions as far as now, and present from a conceptual point of view what sustainability could be from a foundational economy and regulatory perspectives. Our conclusion reads that rurbanisation in sustainability has its backsides, while a new paradigm of rural futurism should be followed for future developments in the area of sustainability for a new paradigm.

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Models of Social and Environmental Responsibility in Algeria - Analytical Study

Author(s): Ben Abdelaziz SAMIR / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2023

This research paper aims to shed light on the problem of pollution, which is considered one of the most important factors affecting the environment and society, and the extent of Algerian companies’ commitment to increasing awareness of the environmental and social responsibility for this phenomenon. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach by presenting Algeria's experience in the field of environmental protection and providing environmentally friendly products. The results of the analysis showed that adopting and integrating the environmental and social interest into the activities of institutions is an economic investment that brings huge profits to companies in various fields, and the process of recycling spent products and waste is considered one of the most important methods adopted by Algerian companies in order to avoid the phenomenon of pollution at the level of the regions in which they are active.

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Land Improvements in Agriculture: A bibliometric Analysis Unveiling Trends and Future Research Perspectives

Author(s): Eduard Alexandru DUMITRU,Luiza-Florentina ZĂPUCIOIU,Maria Cristina Sterie / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2023

Land improvement in agriculture refers to the set of interventions and practices applied to agricultural land in order to optimise it for more efficient and sustainable production. This paper investigates developments and trends in the field of agricultural land improvement through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. From the inception of publications in 1979 to 2023, we observed a significant increase in interest, evidenced by a peak in 2022. Year-by-year analysis revealed thematic shifts, such as increased focus on erosion, deforestation, and agricultural land use in 2014 and 2015, compared to increased interest in biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, and agricultural technologies in later years.

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Emission performance assessment of passenger car engines: A comparative analysis

Author(s): Sebastian Szymon Grzesiak / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2023

The automotive market is constantly developing and employing innovative technologies. The new trend of electromobility affects the whole world and is part of the transformation of the economy. Also, the European Union takes significant steps to support the development of the electric sector of the automotive market. This is confirmed by the signed declaration in Glasgow, which leads towards a ban on the sale of cars with combustion engines by 2035. Due to the initiatives taken by international institutions to green all processes in the economy and the defined legal framework, these activities have an influence on other market participants. The problem identified in this article is the actual impact of implemented solutions concerning the type of engine used in cars offered for sale in Poland. The aim of the article is accompanied by a research question, is the electric vehicle less harmful to the environment? The paper compares cars of the same producer, class and type with petrol, diesel, hybrid (petrol-electric) and electric engines in terms of the environmental impact parameters described in the methodology. The research method is a comparative analysis of SUVs of urban type. As a result of the research, it has been determined that a vehicle with an electric engine emits the least amount of carbon dioxide and is the most environmentally friendly solution.

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