Икономически връзки на Европейския съюз с Китайската народна република
This article analyses the development of economic relations between the European Union and People’s Republic of China since the middle of 1970s.
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
This article analyses the development of economic relations between the European Union and People’s Republic of China since the middle of 1970s.
More...
In this paper the term globalization is interpreted and the "amazing historical coincidence": the proclamation of the start of economic reform and openness in China (1978) which occurred simultaneously with the American-European financial globalization and liberalization. China's four determinations are discussed, as well the its role of a navigator in the Globalization 2.0 project.
More...
Abstract: This article analyses the development of economic relations between Association of Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN) and People’s Republic of China since the start of Chinese economic reforms at the end of 1978.
More...
The formation of the sustainable development concept is associated with a commitment to discover alternative environmentally friendly solutions that meet the needs of generations in the long run. Fundamental principles, goals and tasks for translating ideas into practice stand out. The focus is on the relationship “economy – society – ecology”. A system of criteria for indicating the degree of resilience is envisaged. Emphasis is placed on the need for entrepreneurs to be aware of modern requirements and to develop responsible business behaviour.
More...
In today’s modern, dynamically changing and globalized economy, venture investments as a specific technique for financial and organizational construction of investment ventures have established themselves as a significant segment of the market for economic activity. The thesis presented in this study is that, when being invested, venture capital does not bring a higher degree of uncertainty and risk in comparison to other traditional and alternative sources of capital investment. Venture investments are analyzed through the prism of the theory of information asymmetry, and, on this basis, the parameters ensuring security of the venture investor are identified.
More...
The purpose of this paper is to define crowd logistics, a relatively recent phenomenon in the sharing economy. Despite their increasing popularity, such projects have not been the topic of much research, with only a few pieces addressing the problems. The mission of crowd logistics is to connect market participants who have unique logistical capabilities with those who report logistical needs. This is done to prevent unproductive resource usage and to activate underutilized capabilities. An experimental strategy was used to study solutions used in practice, which was based on a survey of 77 active crowd logistics efforts. These projects are categorized into groups in this article, and the key differences between crowd logistics and regular business logistics are highlighted. Furthermore, efforts are made to ascertain future development directions, as well as the potential influence of crowd logistics on traditional firms. This research is based on an examination of secondary sources, including articles, consulting firm reports, and case studies published in branch publications, company websites, and provided by the firms themselves as part of webinars.
More...
On July 1, 2021 China celebrated the first of two important 100th anniversaries: that of its Communist Party. The second one is going to be in 2049 – а century of People’s China. Few have paid attention to the message encoded in the ‘2 100’ initiative: the anniversaries are keystones of the millennial state development; they are time markers of achieving the goals of the Asian giant in the 21st century. This article aims to present the way New China (1949– 2021) tries to communicate with the World and also to answer why the Western mass media often portrays the country as an Enemy. Some basic principles of Chinese dialectics and political thought and their interpretation through the public diplomacy of the PRC are considered; data from recent sociological content research of the Western media are also presented.
More...
Omnichannel distribution is gaining more and more popularity in today’s world of digitalization and globalization. An increasing number of travel companies are discovering its advantages and implementing it in their activities. The main focus of omnichannel distribution is on consumers and their shopping experiences. All stages of the purchase process must be seamless and as convenient as possible for consumers.
More...
The World Wide Web and digital technologies have changed accounting and the way in which financial information is prepared, used, and disclosed. Digital transformation in accounting started with automation of accounting processes and activities, continued with implementation of new technologies (blockchain, clouds, big data, AI), and, in recent years, it has reached the next level: web socialization. Web socialization has different dimensions, and this article aims to reveal some aspects of socialization of accounting in the virtual space. On the basis of a content analysis of the nature of social media, the opportunities for interaction between accounting and social media are outlined.
More...
In order to reach the statement of an audit opinion, it is necessary to perform various activities that serve as a guarantor, so that the audited organization carries out its activities in accordance with the legal and by-law requirements and the general framework for financial reporting. The main purpose of the article is to clarify the nature and types of audit opinions expressed by the National Audit Office of Bulgaria for the period 2005–2020. The main conclusion reached is that public sector organizations should improve their internal control environment, which would help accounting.
More...
The study explores the issue of legal personality and liability of artificial intelligence (AI)systems. A real AI should have a will and self-awareness, but, at this point, there are mainly systems with a collective “cloud” intelligence that is located outside of them, supported by people (Sofia, the chatbot Miraya, the chatbot Tai, the xenobots). It is important to be clear about the fact whether robots are still only a “means”, a “tool” that facilitates human life, or whether they already have qualities that make them independent entities. Currently, AI systems are treated as objects of law. Granting legal personality similar to that of legal entities is not a solution as well because of their specific nature. If, in the future, intelligent systems become independent and emancipated from the human beings that created them, they could be considered a new specific subject – a legal person sui generis. The regulatory framework of international organizations in this area already places robots in the category of “electronic person” (EU) and binds their legal status to the protection of basic human rights. At this point, a number of practical issues are yet to be resolved – identifiability, establishment of a register, and up-to-dateness of the data in it. The possible granting of legal personality to AI systems, even specific or limited one, raises the question of the rights of robots themselves (procedural legal capacity, property rights, labour rights, tax legal personality), as well as of the responsibility for damages and their compensation. One of the most important issues in the development of intelligent machines is the extent to which we should allow them to make autonomous or automated decisions. Algorithms, which are initially set and related to the protection of fundamental human rights, should be stable, or “locked” for changes by artificial intelligence systems in the context of their improvement and self-learning. The issue of human control is important, especially in cases where decisions might affect human life, health, and social support. The rapid development of digital technologies should make us think about a future in which AI systems can deviate so much from the basic algorithms set by humans that joint and individual financial liability can be reached. The theory also discusses the issue of the applicability of criminal liability to robots.
More...
The omnichannel supply chain changes the relationship between vertical and horizontal market agents. The author advocates the thesis that the cooperation between the participants in the supply chain and the cross-functional integration inside the company are key factors for the success of the commercial business in the conditions of digitalization. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of retail transformations on supply chain relationships in an omnichannel environment. The object of research is the transformation of business models in retail trade through integration and convergence of marketing and logistics operations, symbiosis between online and offline sales and creation of omnichannel models.
More...
Political influence is increasingly important in the context of management of sales organisations. A growing number of modern companies are embracing a flat organisational structure, getting rid of layers in the management pyramid, which prompts and necessitates the distribution of power. Allocation of power with others strengthens all members of the organization. There are four dimensions to successful empowerment: meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact. Alternatively, empowerment is a matter of degree and can be classified in two terms: content and context of work. Discussed are three main types of sales representatives, divided according to their main motivators. Understanding the four dimensions, two terms, and three types of sales representatives can be a good marker for the practices of sales managers when using political influence.
More...
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on many sectors around the world. The economies of countries on all continents have suffered the consequences of the changes that have occurred since the beginning of the pandemic, and the trade sector, as one of the most important at the national and international level, has changed a lot. In Bulgaria, the various units of the wholesale and retail chain have taken measures to ensure the supply of products in all units of the chain. In this article, the author evaluates the changes in the trade sector, in particular the retail companies, in Bulgaria after the beginning of the pandemic and proposes solutions for the management of different types of risk to ensure the normal functioning of economic entities in the event of unpredictable risks such as Covid-19.
More...
This paper intends to explore and describe some of the main monetary policy indicators in the Albanian economy and Northern Macedonia. The countries under study have some general similarities as follows: both are countries with a transition economy operating in the open market economy for no more than 30 years; both countries have been part of communist regimes for a very long time; both of these countries are a potential candidate to be part of the European Union. The target exchange rate strategy is the monetary policy pursued by the Central Bank of Northern Macedonia in fixing the local currency exchange rate within the Euro to maintain a certain level or within a specific interval the exchange rate of that country. According to the economist, one of the most important reasons a country has financial stability is the efficiency of monetary policy instruments in the short and long run. In the international economic sphere, both countries under analysis are exposed to the risks of appreciation or devaluation of the exchange rate, trade barriers, and any other risk related to financial crises that may affect the region's countries.
More...
Not a small part of business processes are strongly affected by the changes occurring as a result of digitalization. This article traces the importance of remote work and the increasing opportunities for it. The main goal of the paper is to explore and expose the main changes in leadership behavior caused by digital technologies, as well as to analyze the advantages and challenges they present for organizations. Different conditions require different approach and the issue of leadership in such conditions is reviewed. The factor of communication, as a precondition for leadership behavior in digital environment is considered as well. Data from studies related to the affected topics are presented. Basic opinions related to the new requirements for leaders in a digital environment are also summarized. Data from a research conducted related to the considered aspects are presented and conclusions are drawn.
More...
Review of: Christian Lotz: Nachhaltigkeit neu skalieren. Internationale forstwissenschaftliche Kongresse und Debatten um die Ressourcenversorgung der Zukunft im Nord- und Ostseeraum (1870–1914). (Umwelthistorische Forschungen, Bd. 8.) Böhlau. Wien u. a. 2018. 359 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3-412-50025-2. (€ 60,–.)
More...
This report aims to explain the concept professional discrimination at the workplace and to indicate the main types of inequalities to which employees are subjected. The exposition examines discriminations such as: race/skin colour, age, national origin/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and political views, physical or mental disability. Examples are given and statistics are drawn from major labor markets such as the US and the UK, where the variety of different employee profiles is rich. Statistical data are presented for the specified countries and for the whole of Europe.
More...
Organized crime is a non-ideologically organized structure involving a large number of people in close social interaction, organized on a hierarchical basis, with at least three levels / ranks, in order to secure profit and power by engaging in illegal and legal activities. Organized crime knows no regions, borders, continents, it extends wherever it can be earned. It is an illegal criminal activity by structured groups for a long period of time by committing serious criminal offenses using threats, violence, corruption and other means in order to gain greater financial or other material benefit. At the state level, new emerging forms of organized crime are emerging where the bearers are senior state officials who use their institutional positions to acquire large material assets. These are professional perpetrators who are organized in various groups and other forms of association, in order to commit crimes. They are tightly organized, with a hierarchical relationship and high speed, caution and resourcefulness in the execution of criminal offenses. Relationships in these organizations by strict discipline, obedience and personal loyalty, great operability and ability to quickly maneuver and move their activities to large spaces.
More...