Rediscovering past narrations: The oral history of the Romanian language preserved in the National Phonogram Archive

Author(s): Oana Niculescu,Maria Marin,Daniela Răuţu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

In this paper we aim to deliver a key message related to the safeguarding of the Romanian National Phonogram Archive (AFLR). The data gathered within the Archive (the richest, most inclusive and diversified collection of dialectal texts and ethno-linguistic recordings in Romania) are of immeasurable documentary value. Through the digitization and preservation of AFLR we can gain access to both individual and collective memories, aiding to a better understanding of our cultural heritage on the one hand, and, on the other hand, restoring missing or forgotten pieces of Europe’s oral history.

Gullah as a literary dialect: Phonological and morphosyntactic features in 19th century writings. A case study

Author(s): Costin-Valentin Oancea / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Starting from the 18th century, writers began using Gullah in different stories and plays, and speculated about its origins. Gullah is an American English-based creole spoken along the coast of Georgia, South Carolina and in the Sea Islands. It is also known as Sea Island Creole or Geechee. Several American writers have used this creole in their writings. This paper focuses on the way Edgar Allan Poe used Gullah as a literary dialect, in the short story The Gold-Bug, to render the speech of Jupiter, an old Negro slave. The first part of the paper presents phonological and morphosyntactic features that have been attested in Gullah. The second part of this study analyzes the phonological and morphosyntactic features found in the speech of Jupiter and attempts to demonstrate that Jupiter used the regional superstrate variety of Gullah, as expected from house servants. It will also be shown that Jupiter’s speech also contains many features found in Gullah’s sister variety, African American Vernacular English.

Селищни и местни имена, съхранили етнонима „печенег“

Author(s): Darina Cherneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Фамилни имена, производни от стари названия на занятия

Author(s): Ludwig Selimski / Language(s): Turkish,English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The surnames are considered from the point of view of their linguistic origin, word-formation structure and primary meaning – 109 surnames, which were not a subject of such an analysis, or, although they were worthy of analysis in St. Ilchev (1969), were deemed “unclear“, or received an unacceptable explanation, or their analysis needed some further additions and/or corrections. Some of the old, unpopular or perhaps forgotten names of occupations, borrowings mostly from Turkish, are embedded in their 41 stems. We will not find some of them even in the most exhaustive lexicographical works. In the analysis of surnames special attention is paid to their sound structure and to the phonetic and other sound changes reflected in it, which sometimes seriously hamper the researcher in correctly identifying the given form with its initial state, to reconstruct the primary form.

WSCHODNIOSŁOWIAŃSKIE NAZWISKA ODIMIENNE W HISTORYCZNEJ ANTROPONIMII PIOTRKOWA TRYBUNALSKIEGO

Author(s): Agnieszka Klimas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 70/2022

The paper discussed the anthroponyms derived from the first names, which are included in the East Slavic designation and are excerpted from the source documents of Piotrków Trybunalski, written in the years 1808–1930. The anthroponyms, derived from the Orthodox baptismal names, closely related to the Christian culture of East Slavic peoples, were recognized as characteristic of these naming processes. The paper also mentioned the interpenetration of morphological and phonetic features of various language systems appearing side by side in one area, reflected in first names and denominal structures of the Piotrków’s territory.

CHALLENGES AND PITFALLS IN CONDUCTING DIALECTAL SURVEY IN THE AREA BÂRGĂULUI, BISTRIȚA-NĂSĂUD COUNTY

Author(s): Maria Cornelia Rus / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2020

Bârgăului Valley in Bistrița-Năsăud County is considered a transition area, which falls within the Northeastern Transylvanian language. Dialectal survey is an effective method of collection of linguistic material, as it involves the interaction of the investigator with the subjects and direct recording of concrete information related to the evolution of a subject. The purpose of the study is to present the challenges and pitfalls encountered in developing surveys dialects developed in the Bârgăului area, Bistrița-Năsăud county. In conducting the direct dialect survey in the field, I used the "spy" recording method. and I applied a questionnaire consisting of 186 questions. The linguistic material collected was saved on electronic support for the purpose of phonetic transcription, systematization, analysis and interpretation of phonetically, morphologically and lexically. Currently, the conduct of a dialectal survey subjects the investigator to attempts at time type, technology progress etc. People are very busy, work in factories, and after finishing the program ends its field work and housework. Young people no longer have time available, because he plans and organizes each action. Development of social networks and online media tools, regardless of the age of the informants, there is a fear of not being popularized on the internet, either out of a desire to protect their identity and privacy, or from fear of not being judged by the community, due to the fact that they are not aware of the village traditions, not knowing how to answer some questions. Technological advances have helped me as an investigator in recording, storing and processing information collected, but at the same time through the development of networks and media channels have contributed to the fear induction of popularization in the virtual environment.

FIGURES OF SPEECH IN CURRENT PRESS LANGUAGE

Author(s): Emilia-Mihaela Costescu (Crînguș) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

The journalistic language has caught the attention of many researchers in the linguistics field, being the subject of many specialized studies, scientific papers and analysis that follow the evolution of the media act. Figures of speech are very important in journalistic language. A figure of speech is a creative use of language to generate an effect and is considered the living substance of the artistic language. The language used in the written press has the ability to invent or promote cult expressions or memorable expressions, which belong to some personalities from the past or some well-known contemporary people. In this article we define the figures of speech and we will present examples from the current press, in the period 2018-2023.

Diario de un estudiante de Salamanca: la crónica inédita de Girolamo Da Sommaia (1603-1607), edición e introducción por George Haley. Contaminación e hibridación lingüística: el idiolecto toscano-castellano de un patritius florentinus.

Author(s): Laura Falasca / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 13/2022

The scope of this article is to describe the code-mixing traits of the so-called Diario de un estudiante de Salamanca ―a personal chronicle recorded by Girolamo Da Sommaia, a Florentine student, while attending the renowned University― and to delve into the textual incidence and the distinctive features brought about by interference and code-switching between Tuscan L1, as the author’s native language, and Spanish, as the overall communication code in the context of his stay. The investigation provides an overview of the persistent crosslinguistic interference of the Castilian on the Italian writing shaped by Da Sommaia, heightened by the proximity of the two codes. Transfer and code-switching occur into the text on phonetic, morphosyntactic and lexical resource levels, resulting in a repertoire of heteroglot elements and merging, for both languages, into a not yet regularized usus scribendi. Background information on the life of the patrician student, the origin and motivations of the journal, the acquisition and conservation of the manuscript containing the text, next to the most relevant philological criteria adopted by its publisher, are also provided to locate the historical framework and sociocultural setting of the communicative situation experienced by the author.

Erori de producere a cuvintelor în context afazic

Author(s): Eliza DARIE (MORARU) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

This article is part of the paper „Patterns and errors of word production in aphasic contexts”. To begin with, generalities about aphasia and a cognitive neuropsychology model of spoken word production are presented, which addresses four stages involved in word retrieval: semantic system, phonological output lexicon, phonological set, and articulatory programming, and finally speech. Also, as a theoretical aspect, the three types of word utterance errors are presented: the imaginability, frequency, and length effects. The theoretical aspects are then exemplified in a case study. The aim of the research was to identify from a neurocognitive point of view in which domain the disorder is located, and which pattern of word production errors can be identified, in order to intervene specifically in language recovery, proposing an intervention plan. Among the conclusions, it can be mentioned that although aphasic symptomatology is well known, the approach from the proposed perspective created specific opportunities for recovery.

The Transmission of the Old Church Slavonic Version of the Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Problem of Its Glagolitic Substratum

Author(s): Alessandro Maria Bruni / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The present paper deals with the problem of the alleged Glagolitic substratum of the Old Church Slavonic version of the Homilies (λόγοι) of Gregory of Nazianzus (ca. 329–390), undertaken in Bulgaria between the late 9th and the early 10th century. This article aims to offer a contribution to this issue in a multidisciplinary perspective. From a methodological point of view, an attempt is made to tackle it not only by studying the material and graphic aspects of the manuscripts witnesses, but also by considering the results of their text-critical and linguistic analysis. Accordingly, a number of previously unstudied paleographical, codicological, orthographical, phonetical, textual and lexical features are subjected to examination. On the one hand, the author investigates the Glagolitic letters found in the oldest Cyrillic witness of this translation, some of which were only recently discovered; on the other, he explores several scribal mistakes, lexical archaisms and hapax legomena. Moreover, a few very special readings, featuring the reflex / šč / for Protoslavic *tj are investigated for the first time. All the collected evidence points to how two Homilies of this corpus in all likelihood originally circulated in Glagolitic and how their Cyrillic transliteration was in all probability carried out soon afterwards in the Balkan area.

Odlike vulgarnog latiniteta u Egerijinom putopisu

Author(s): Drago Župarić,Seada Brkan / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2023

In this paper, a linguistic analysis of the Itinerarium Egeriae, one of the oldest documented Christian pilgrimages to the eastern Mediterranean, is presented. The aim of the work is to present characteristics related to Vulgar Latin. The linguistic analysis is focused on characteristics which are not in keeping with classical norms, in an attempt to describe certain changes with regard to Classical Latin and traditional grammar, which may cause difficulty for the reader. It is evident that the Itinerarium Egeriae is not characterized by ornate expression like the texts of classical writers, but it offers interesting, if sometimes confusing, deviations from classical norms. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first section Egeria, the purpose of the trip, the text, the author’s ability to observe, and her style aimed at spiritual instruction are presented. Egeria’s style of Latin are the subject of the second and main section of the work, which includes language, style, literary aspect and phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical characteristics of travel writing.

A CURIOUS CASE OF /t/ and /d/ SPIRANTIZATION IN SERBIAN-ENGLISH INTERPHONOLOGY

Author(s): Danica M. Jerotijević Tišma / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2023

The paper explores a subtype of the phonological process of lenition, more precisely, the phenomenon of spirantization in the Serbian-English interlanguage system. During the process of spirantization, plosive sounds transform into fricatives and the factors causing altered realiza- tions may stem from various sources, the most prominent being mother tongue interference. For example, due to the specific pronunciation of alveolar stops and fricatives in L1, Spanish learners of English as a foreign language tend to transfer the feature into their L2, causing thus all voiced plosives, regardless of the place of articulation, to transform into fricatives (Zampini 2008). However, the phonological system of Serbian is not characterized by the same processes, hence, the occasional spirantization in the interlanguage system, we argue, cannot be derived from mother tongue interference, yet may be the result of other factors, such as, qualitative hypercorrection. The analyzed corpus was obtained from the recordings of a spontaneous speech by 15 Serbian English-major students at the tertiary level of education. We investigated the instances of spirantization using the methods of acoustic analysis and spectrographic illustrations via Praat, version 6.2.04. The findings indicated that only alveolar plosives (both voiced and voiceless) were spirantized, most frequently in accented position. Regarding the phonetic environment, the word-initial pre-vocalic position, as well as the word-final post-vocalic and post-consonantal position, triggered the highest frequency of spirantization occurrence. Acoustic measurements confirm the initial assumptions regarding the specific nature of spirantized variants [dz], [ts], [ð] and [θ]. The results have important pedagogical implications and provide insights into the complexity of cross-linguistic influence.

Осъзнавани и неосъзнавани правоговорни проблеми (от перспективата на езиковото консултиране)

Author(s): Milen Tomov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The proposed paper presents the results of a study on inquiries to the Language Consulations Service related to orthographic problems. Based on the classification and analysis of the received questions, also taking into account the reasons for seeking specialized linguistic help, the problems of standard language pronunciation are outlined, which are realized by users and accordingly give rise to the need of consultations, and, on the other hand, the orthographic phenomena of which there is a complete lack of user interest. Attention is also paid to the different ways in which the questioners react to the realized orthographic problems – either through a specific enquiry arising from a hesitation or by expressing a critical attitude towards a given orthographic phenomena. Conclusions are drawn regarding the reasons for the very low interest in orthoеpic issues in general among users.

Конфликтни зони между писмена норма и устна реч във френския език и свързаните с тях проблеми при преподаването на френско произношение на българи

Author(s): Georgi Zhechev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

Outlining the context of increased attention to linguistic issues in French society, the article introduces a number of concepts related to the definition of norm types in the French language, specifies nuances in the terminology adopted in the main grammars of the French language and in some new publications in the field of French phonetics, phonology and sociolinguistics. Two phonetic phenomena (liaison and French schwa) have been outlined as conflict zones between the written norm and oral speech in the phonetic implementation of the graphic elements of the spelling system. Due to the substantial divergence between oral and written code in these phenomena, as well as in relation to the multitude of factors that intervene in deciding on their (non)realization, they are at the root of serious difficulties in learning French pronunciation. The article offers some tips for emphasizing their teaching.

Език, култура и дейност: Съпоставително изследване на български и шведски разговорен език

Author(s): Bilyana Martinovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

Spoken language is fundamental for human cognition and for the development of the human brain and human society yet it is not as rigorously studied as language structure. One of the reasons is the difficulty of combining qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis in longitudinal studies based on authentic multimodal interaction data. The purpose of this paper is to examine cross-activity linguistic differences and similarities of spoken Bulgarian and Swedish and to propose methods for analysis of the relation between activity, culture and language in spoken language interaction. The results of this empirical study show that activity type has strongest impact on face-to-face spoken language interaction. The article presents hybrid qualitative-quantitative methods and sixteen measures for cross-linguistic cross-activity spoken language analysis.

Елизиите в устната реч и тяхното отражение върху българския език на едно второ поколение емигранти

Author(s): Katya Issa / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The article examines various manifestations of elision in the oral speech of Bulgarian emigrants living in Sydney, Australia. Parts of informal conversations recorded in a domestic setting, using the involved observation method, are presented. Many elisions prevail in them (in the speech of the first generation), in some words without exception, and these words are perceived by the children (second generation) who were born abroad or left very young with their families, as the only (“correct”) option of the correct speaking. Since native Bulgarian abroad often functions only in its oral form and is practiced only within family and friendly gatherings, the children get the impression that these words are spelled the same way and have no other spelling options. Morphological, syntactic, stylistic, and phonetic interferences were found in the speech of the second generation of emigrants. The deformation is also reinforced by Bulgarian lexemes mutilated by elisions. Keywords:

ДА или НЕ в разговорната реч

Author(s): Verka Sasheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The purpose of the article is to present some specifics of affirmation and negation found in the spoken language. Special attention was paid both to the competition between yes and no, and to the competition between these particles and other parts of speech – interjections, particles and pronominal adverbs. Emphasis was also placed on the prag¬matic function of these particles, without at the same time neglecting their modal mea¬ning. Conclusions were drawn as to which of the two particles has greater functional-semantic diversity in conversational discourse.

Интонация и ударение на прости двусъставни изречения

Author(s): Krasilina Koleva-Kostova,Hristiana Krasteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2024

The research deals with the intonational characteristics and the stress in simple senten-ces taken from Bulgarian classic literature. By using software for acoustic analysis, we observe the intonational contours of simple sentences, aiming at characterizing the specific intonational features of the verb and its outer complement. We also observe the intonational features of the predicate in cases of different word order (SVO, SOV, VSO, etc.) The main goal is to summarize the data on stress and intonation of simple sentences from our corpus and to represent it as models of the prosody of simple predicates in Bulgarian.

On the Etymology of the Middle Bulgarian Anthroponyms Асѣнь (Asěn) and БѣлгꙊнь (Bělgun)

Author(s): Hristo Saldzhiev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The present article addresses the etymology of two Middle Bulgarian anthroponyms, Асѣнь (Asěn) and Бѣлгꙋнь (Bělgun). The Turkic hypothesis of their origin is critically considered and refuted because of phonetic and semantic discrepancies. On the basis of recently discovered ancient documents, the evidence of medieval sources, especially the correspondence between Tsar Kaloyan and Pope Innocentius III and analysis of early medieval Bulgarian anthroponyms, arguments in favor of a Romance hypothesis for the origin of both anthroponyms are suggested.

Pár slov k Mezinárodnímu setkání mladých lingvistů

Author(s): Yuliia Mostova / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The traditional international meeting of young linguists, held at the Faculty of Arts of Palacký University in Olomouc on May 15-16, 2023, provided participants with an opportunity to reflect on a diverse array of ideas, discussions, and insights under the theme of an (In)comprehensible World. The main purpose of this meeting is to offer young linguists from around the world a platform to share and exchange their latest research, ideas, and findings in the field of linguistics. This year's conference focused on how language enables us to understand the world and share our thoughts, while also serving as a tool for manipulation and misinformation. The event highlighted the role of language in today's complex social and media context, examining how language and communication affect our ability to understand the world, present different worldviews, and the impact of cultural and generational differences on communication. The conference also explored the influence of non-verbal communication elements on message interpretation and the extent to which the current global situation affects language development. A plenary lecture by American cognitive linguist Laura Janda analyzed Vladimir Putin's speeches, focusing on the prohibition of the term "war" for the conflict in Ukraine and the use of grammatical cases in Russian discourse. The conference featured five specialized workshops and included a national round of the Student and Science: Linguistics competition, recognizing outstanding contributions from students.