ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LATE ANTIQUE TREASURES SOUTHERN OF THE LOWER DANUBE (4-6 CC.) COMMON DIRECTION
ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LATE ANTIQUE TREASURES SOUTHERN OF THE LOWER DANUBE (4-6 CC.) COMMON DIRECTION
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ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LATE ANTIQUE TREASURES SOUTHERN OF THE LOWER DANUBE (4-6 CC.) COMMON DIRECTION
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The four graves were identified during a rescue research determined by a ditch digging in the area of the archaeological site of Moșnița Veche–„Dealul Sălaș” (Timiș County) for underground utility. The unauthorized interventions there deranged some of the described graves. We might note that they had intervened since olden times on the grave No 3. Only the inferior part of the skeleton remained in the anatomical connection, the skull was identified on pelvis and the bones of the upper part, in the grave padding. We take this intervention after inhumation for graves plundering, a practice of the Sarmatians in the area of the Romanian Banat, northern Serbia, and eastern Hungary, largely documented since now. SN is the general orientation of the graves; the funerary furniture consists in ceramic vessels and metallic findings. Vessels consist in truncated cone-shaped bowls and pitchers in a fine and well worked paste, burnt by reduction, specific to that age. The pitcher with a trickling tube from Grave No 1 is the one to attract our attention and dates the grave to a period between the last third part of the 4th century AD and the first half of the 5th century AD. Grave No 3 might be dated to the same age as the fragment of an iron fibula certifies, belonging to the type of fibulae with the spring behind the body. The funeral furniture from Grave 2 and Grave 4 certify a largest dating of the two archaeological complexes, to the 3rd – 4 th c. AD.
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Data on the Pleistocene megafauna and the earliest evidence of the presence of Palaeolithic humans on the territory of the Northern Ob river region are analyzed. The data about the geological and geomorphological situation in the lower reaches of the Ob river is presented, the deposits of the Late Neopleistocene are characterized, and the main regularities in the taphonomy of megafaunal remains are described. Changes in the species composition of the Neopleistocene fauna from the right bank of the Big Ob and their chronology are established on the basis of numerous absolute dates obtained on bones. The results of the traceological analysis and dating of two mammoth tusk fragments with traces of human processing are presented. The authors provide information on 2020 field works on the Kushevatskaya channel and the Synya river, which gave new data on the early human settlement of the territory of the Lower Ob. It is concluded that the initial colonization of the region took place at the beginning of the Early Upper Palaeolithic, with first people coming presumably from the territory of the Urals.
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The paper presents the results of a complex study of the collection of zoomorphic figurines from the Upper Palaeolithic site of Malta in the Angara region of Eastern Siberia. The materials described and analyzed in the paper were obtained during the excavations by M. M. Gerasimov in 1928—1958 and are currently divided between four museums in Saint Petersburg, Moscow and Irkutsk. Based on morphometric, stylistic, technological and use wear analyses in combination with zoological, archaeozoological and ethnographic evidence, the authors propose new classification and interpretation of the zoomorphic figurines they studied. The Malta zoomorphic sculpture is notable for its realism, attention to details and sophisticated techniques of manufacture and decoration. The proposed classification forms the basis of the information system “Art of Malta culture”.
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Review of Recent Evolutionary Biology Literature
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The article presents the oldest evidence of non- utilitarian use of marmot incisors in North Asia. The ornamented marmot incisor comes from the Early Holocene layer of the Kaminnaya Cave. The artifact was studied by methods of high precision three-dimensional modeling, experiment and traceological analysis. In order to obtain detailed information on the morphological characteristics of the artificial relief, a high-precision three-dimensional scanner of structured light and a three-dimensional surface profiler were used to analyze and compare the features of artificial modification on the surfaces of both the prehistoric artifact and its experimental replicas. As a result, the method of modification was reconstructed, and the non-utilitarian function of the object was identified. The concluding part of the article touches upon the interaction between marmots and man in the Pleistocene and Holocene of the Altai Mountains, with special attention paid to their use in the Holocene funeral practices.
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70th birth anniversary of the archaeologist Nikolai Olenkovski
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The paper presents two drachms minted in the 1st century B.C. by the Greek colonies of Dyrrachium and Apollonia. The drachm of Dyrrahium of unknown provenience has long been in the Numismatic collection of the Regional museum in Visoko. It can be traced back to the last phase of issuance of this type of drachms in Dyrrachium, dated ca. 80-40 B.C. the drachms of Apollonia was discovered in march 2020 in the area of the Old town Visoki by Mak Sirčo and remains in his possesion. The coin is well preserved and datable to the last phase of issuance of such drachms in Apollonia, ca. 80/70-48 B.C. The discovery of the coin in the area of the Old town of Visoki is of great importance because this kind of finding refers to the fact that this area was inhabited in the Iron Age by the population which, directly or indirectly, had contacts with the neighbouring tribes as well as the Greeks living along the Adriatic coast. These two coins make reference to ancient trade routes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The departure point of one of these routes was Narona. The route further led to Mostar and, via Ivan Sedlo, to Sarajevo. In Sarajevo, the road was divided into two branches. The first one led to Pale and further to Pljevlja and the second one to Fojnica and Vareš. However, it is important to mention that both drachms could have come to central bosnia from the north, actually from the areas of Danube and Sava valleys inhabited by Celtic tribes, where multiple coin hoards and single coin findings of these coins have been identified.
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This paper presents the results of a preliminary archaeological excavation at Svibe in the present-day village of Gornje Moštre near Visoko. The aim of the project was to examine the archaeological potential of the site and verify its association with Roman provenance as indicated by numerous small archeological finds retrived from an earlier period. The excavation revealed a 12,5 m long foundation wall, which confirmed the assumption of the existence of larger architectural remains on the site. Although the project was originally based on the premise that regarded Svibe as a Roman site, this paper, based on several medieval documents or charters and epigraphic monuments, opens the possibility of different temporal and cultural attribution. Medieval written sources, namely charters of Stjepan II Kotromanić, Tvrtko I Kotromanić and Queen Jelena as well as the epigraphic plate of Ban Kulin found in Biskupići near Visoko, allow the assumption that the discovered architectural remains in Svibe could actually present traces of one of several archaeologically still unidentified medieval structures mentioned in the sources listed above. This is the first time that serious archaeological research, which could possibly give answers to key questions of medieval Bosnian history, has been undertaken. If the assumptions made about the medieval origin of the site prove correct in future research, it will significantly change the historical and cultural landscape of Visoko and Bosnia in medieval times.
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Review of Proceedings of the symposium "Mining, metallurgy and geoheritage of Kreševo, Fojnica and Kiseljak", Kreševo, 2 and 3 December 2016, Municipality of Kreševo, Kreševo, 2018, p. 374
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The study includes the process of unauthorized excavations of Montagu Brownlow Parker, son of the Count of Morley, in search of treasure in Solomon's Temple, which is thought to be under the Temple Mount, which has been recorded in the literature as the Parker Mission. When Parker and his entourage reached Jerusalem, serious chaos ensued, because there were no archaeologists on the team, and this was the most important issue in the discussions. Parker's activities in Istanbul have began to be followed with suspicion. After a while, Jerusalem Deputies Sa'd-El-Huseyni and Ruhi El-Halidî Beys submitted a parliamentary question to the Internal Affairs Ministry to confirm the information they obtained from Parker's activities in Jerusalem. In the parliamentary question, it was asked that there were rumors about the abduction of the ancient artifacts found in the legal and illegal excavations in the Sahara-yı Musharrefe / Kubbetu-Sahara region in Masjid-i Aqsa and whether any action was taken on this issue, and whether any work was carried out to retrieve these artifacts. After intense discussions in the parliament, it was decided to establish an investigation commission on this issue. However, the outbreak of the First World War and the developments that followed have prevented this commission from doing its work properly.
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Over forty East Roman coins have been found in China over the past hundred years but many of them have no archaeological context, so it is almost impossible to establish when they got the Celestial Empire. Besides, a significant part of the finds are rather crude initially or heavily worn. Fake coin printing was also frequent on the Silk Road. It is believed that sometimes this was not even malicious intent — Byzantine and Iranian coins acted as stable monetary units, the position of which was stronger because China, with all its role in international trade had been fragmented starting from the 3rd century CE for hundred years. And this fragmentation, in contrast, for example, with the Eastern Zhou period (771—221 BCE), was accompanied by the constant emergence and disappearance of kingdoms and empires, which rarely existed for more than one century (especially in the north). Of course, in such a “political climate” the value of foreign coins, which had a standard mass and precious metal content, increased significantly. It is no less obvious that this prompted many to produce solidus “analogs” in an artisanal way, and such “craftsmen” could act on areas from Near East to the Yellow Sea. Genuine and questionable coins of the Eastern Roman Empire are spread along the Silk Road (modern Xinjiang Uygur and Ningxia-Hui autonomous regions, Gansu, Shaanxi and Henan provinces, partly also south of Inner Mongolia). For example, in the area of Xi'an city, the bright find of Justinian solidus (the authors of the excavations, however, tend to regard the coin as belonging to Justinian's reign) was printed in the tomb (571 CE) of the Sogdian Kan Ye. We put this golden coin into circulation in 2018. However, the study of Byzantine coins in China sheds light on events in the Eastern Roman Empire itself. The “conjugation” of the processes described above is the focus of this work.
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e Roman camp from Mehadia has been systematically researched in several moments over the last hundred years. However, the internal plan of the fortification could not be established precisely due to the many late interventions that the Romans undertook in the area, but also as a result of serious floods caused by overflow of the Bolvaşniţa River and Belareca River, fast mountain waters which affected the integrity of the site. Doina Benea, who established the last chronology of the fortification at Mehadia, considers that the last users of the camp perimeter were the limitanei (peasant soldiers) from the Constantinian period of the Roman Army, conclusions based on some discoveries in the area of the gates that indicated architectural changes of the towers and entrance. However, the 18th-century Habsburg cartographic sources give us indications that during the Austro-Turkish confrontations this castellum with visible vallum system and defense ditch was used, leaving even material traces that archaeologists did not recognize or that did not take them into account.
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e preventive archaeological research carried out in the archaeological site of Giroc, on the Timişoara Sud bypass, Km. 12 + 260 – 12 + 980 (Site 3), was aimed to discharge the archaeological load of the perimeter that will be affected by the construction of the road. A surface with 720 m length and between 22 and 25 m width was researched. Apart from a few ditches or other modern interventions, which affected the terrain very little, all 181identified archaeological features were dated back to the 4th–5th centuries AD. In the present study, we focus on the presentation of deep-dwelling in the ground provided with fire installations. Following our analysis, we can conclude that the fire installations in the dwellings from the Tisza Plain appear during the 2nd–3rd centuries only in isolated cases, in the form of hearths. In the period from the end of the 4th century and in the first half of the5th-century the hearths began to appear in greater numbers, and ovens were dug into the walls of the houses.
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The reviewed monograph’s aim is to make a comprehensive history of the Sarmatians and their further influence in the history of medieval and modern Europe. The authors discuss a vast geographical region, from the Eurasian steppes to the Great Hungarian Plain, Central Europe, Western Europe, and Eastern Asia. The book is divided into three main parts: Sarmatians of the Steppe, Sarmatians in the Carpathian Basin and Sarmatians after the Sarmatian Period, along with some introductive chapters and final remarks or annexes. The monograph offers a good access into the history of the Sarmatians and an excellent overview of the current state of research. It also raises several questions concerning the directions of future research.
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