Jüdisches Gemeindeleben in Kolin (1763—1768)

Author(s): Tobias Jakobovits / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Die nachfolgende Darstellung beruht auf einer Handschrift der Bibliothek der israelitischen Kultusgemeinde in Prag und auf dem einschlägigen Aktenmaterial in den Archiven des čsl. Ministerium des Innern und des Nationalmuseums in Prag. Ich erlaube mir, den Herren Beamten der beiden Archive für ihr freundliches Entgegenkommen meinen besten Dank auszusprechen. "Kolin ob der Elbe"= "Neu-Kollin"

Soziologische Einführungsskizze in die Geschichtsschreibung des Judentums in der čechoslowakischen Republik.

Author(s): Jindrich Kohn / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Der achtzigste Geburtstag Masaryks gibt Anlass zu dieser Studie. Sie soll ein soziologisches Präludium zur neuen čechoslowakischen Aufgabe der jüdischen Geschichtsschreibung sein. Die jüdische Geschichtsschreibung ist uneinreihbar. Sie hat keine Analogie. Aber Masaryks Werk ist ein Leitfaden für die Soziologie der außerordentlichen — hauptsächlich — der unterbrochenen Geschichte und ihrer Geschichtsschreibung.

Die Ausweisung der Juden aus den königlichen Städten Mährens und ihre Folgen (Teil 1)

Author(s): Alfred Engel / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Das mährische Landesarchiv besitzt eine stattliche Zahl von Gubernialakten, welche jüdische Angelegenheiten behandeln. Oft sind es Einzelschicksale, Ansuchen jüdischer Händler und Handwerker, häufiger flehentliche Bitten ganzer Gemeinden, die der Judensollizitator der höchsten Landesstelle vermittelt, aber auch würdige und mutige Worte von erworbenen Rechten haben sich durch die vergilbten Blätter auf unsere Tage gerettet. Ein umfangreicher Aktenfaszikel (J. 28) erzählt von dem erbitterten wirtschaftlichen Kampfe, welchen die kgl. Städte gegen die mährische Judenschaft führten. „An acht Jahrzehnte dauern diese Zerwürfnisse“, meint der Gubernialrat in seinem wort- und tatsachenreichen Gutachten, aber trotzdem holt er Belege aus 3 Jahrhunderten herbei; denn je weiter er forscht, desto mehr begreift er, dass nicht 80, sondern volle 250 Jahre die Juden gegen das vernichtende Urteil der landesfürstlichen Städte, das sich in der Ausweisung ausdrückte, gekämpft haben. Der ungleiche Kampf war wirklich nicht erst im Jahre 1629 ausgebrochen, als Ferdinand II. den jüdischen Kaufleuten wieder das Recht verlieh, die Märkte in den königlichen Städten zu besuchen, und als Rat und Zünfte verzweifelte Anstrengungen machten, um das neue Privileg zu Falle zu bringen, sondern schon um die Mitte des 15. Jahrhunderts, da die größten Städte Mährens den Juden ihre Tore verschlossen.

Die Juden in Schwihau

Author(s): Anton Blaschka,František Teplý / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The Jews of North and East Syria and their Heritage

Author(s): Thomas Schmidinger / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The religious history of north and east Syria includes not only Muslims,Christians and Yazidis, but also Jews, mainly connected with the Jewish community of Nusaybin on the Turkish side of the present Syrian-Turkish border crossing at Qamishli (Kurdish: Qamişlo). Although indigenous Jews no longer live in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria,the region’s cultural and religious diversity include a Jewish heritage.

Crtice o LGBTIQ+ spektru unutar judaizma

Author(s): Stefan Ezra-Itiel Šparavalo / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Samo po sebi je izuzetno teško analitički se osvrnuti na odnos svake od religija prema LGBTIQ+ pitanju, uzevši u obzir da već pri samom promišljanju o ovoj temi često zauzimamo jedan rigidni, pritom potpuno neosvešćeni, zapadnocentristički (preciznije zapadnohrišćansko-centristički, a možda i još preciznije rimokatoličkocentristički) stav o tome šta religija jeste. Odnosno, da religiju posmatramo kao duhovnost institucionalizovanu u vrhovnom autoritetu i ovlašćenom tumaču te duhovnost koja, u komunikaciji sa svojim verskim administratorima na različitim nivoima, izdaje „uputstva za upotrebu“ i zvanična, jedina legitimna tumačenja po različitim pitanjima vere.

Scientia Moralitas Conference Proceedings

Author(s): / Language(s): English

These proceedings include the papers accepted for the Scientia Moralitas Conference on February 15-16, 2024, organized by the Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies.

Židé v Čechách 8 - Sborník příspěvků ze semináře konaného 12. a 13. října 2021 v Jindřichově Hradci

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Czech

On October 12-13, 2021 in Jindřichův Hradec, the Jewish Museum in Prague, in collaboration with the Museum of Jindřichohradecko, hosted the eighth meeting of archivists, historians, Hebraists, and regional museum workers focused on Jewish history in the Czech Republic, particularly modern issues and border regions' history. Nineteen speakers discussed the historical development and legal status of Jewish religious communities from the 18th century to World War II, highlighting significant Jewish personalities. The seminar also covered the evaluation of archival sources on Jewish history preserved in Czech archives, with contributions on the Holocaust period, especially the fate of Jews from border areas, regional topics, and documentation of Jewish cemeteries. Additionally, a study based on NKVD documents was included. The authors are responsible for their studies' content, and the spelling of "žid" or "Žid" is left to their discretion.

Kniha pokladníků kolínské synagogy

Author(s): Olga Sixtová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document discusses the "Book of Treasurers of the Kolín Synagogue," an archival source housed in the State District Archive in Kolín. It provides an overview of other official books from the Kolín Jewish community, comparing the Kolín pinkas with similar materials from other Jewish communities. The study summarizes the duties of the synagogue treasurers and evaluates the pinkas as a historical source. The pinkas, established after a fire in 1729, records the management of synagogue seats, charitable funds, and various community activities. It includes detailed entries on property and debt claims related to synagogue seats, reflecting the administrative practices of the Kolín Jewish community. The document also highlights the role of the treasurers in overseeing the synagogue's finances, charitable activities, and the maintenance of religious artifacts. The pinkas serves as a valuable historical record, offering insights into the community's social, economic, and religious life. The study emphasizes the importance of preserving such archival materials for understanding the history and culture of Jewish communities.

Rodina K“C/Katz v Jistebnici ve světle dochovaných náhrobků a písemných pramenů

Author(s): Iva Steinová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Exploring the Jewish cemetery in Jistebnice reveals the rich history of the Katz family, spanning nine generations. The study combines epigraphic analysis with archival research, correcting past errors and providing new insights into the cemetery's age and the family's genealogy. Despite the erosion of many tombstones, the surviving ones offer a glimpse into the lives of the Katz family members, including their economic status, professions, and social roles. The research highlights the importance of preserving such historical sites and documents for a deeper understanding of local Jewish history. The Katz family's involvement in various trades, their social mobility, and their contributions to the community are meticulously documented. The study also addresses the challenges of interpreting weathered inscriptions and the significance of material culture in reconstructing family histories. The findings underscore the interconnectedness of Jewish communities in Bohemia and the broader socio-economic landscape of the time. This comprehensive approach enriches our knowledge of Jewish heritage and the enduring legacy of the Katz family in Jistebnice.

Židé v Čechách 5 - Sborník příspěvků ze semináře konaného 1. a 2. října 2014 v Teplicích

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

On October 1-2, 2014 in Teplice, the Jewish Museum in Prague, in collaboration with the Regional Museum in Teplice, hosted the fifth meeting of archivists, historians, and regional museum workers focused on Jewish history in the Czech Republic, particularly modern issues and border regions' history. The seminar emphasized analyzing sources that trace the fate of Jews from border areas after Nazi Germany's occupation, leading to the creation of databases documenting Jewish populations from the 1930s to the end of World War II. Contributions also covered the role of Jews in trade and business development, along with other regional topics. An evening program was dedicated to documenting immovable monuments. The next seminar was planned for autumn 2016 in Kadaň, with a focus on post-1945 Jewish history in the Czech Republic. The authors are responsible for their studies' content, and the spelling of "žid" or "Žid" is left to their discretion.

Útok na židovskou modlitebnu v Plzni 7. března 1939. Nezdařený vlajkařský pokus s tragickými následky

Author(s): Karel Řeháček / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Attack on a Jewish prayer hall in Pilsen on March 7, 1939, was orchestrated by the Vlajka movement amid rising anti-Semitic sentiments in Czechoslovakia. It describes the socio-political climate of the late 1930s, marked by economic and national crises, and the increasing radicalization of the German minority influenced by Nazi Germany. The attack involved the use of explosive devices, resulting in the deaths of two perpetrators due to a premature explosion. The investigation revealed the involvement of local authorities and the broader anti-Semitic activities of the Vlajka movement. The document also covers the post-war trials of the perpetrators, highlighting the challenges in prosecuting them due to the political changes and the onset of World War II. It concludes with reflections on the significance of this event as a reminder of the dangers of extremist ideologies and the importance of preserving historical memory.

Židovská čtvrť v Údlicích z pohledu daňové evidence

Author(s): Michaela Balášová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The Jewish quarter in Údlice, located in northwestern Bohemia, was a significant settlement from the 15th century, with Jewish inhabitants possibly arriving as early as the late 15th century. By the mid-18th century, the quarter had its own synagogue, school, and hospital, and housed around 15 buildings. The Jewish population peaked in the early 19th century, with over 600 residents. However, a fire in 1815 destroyed most of the quarter, sparing only the synagogue. Despite rebuilding efforts, the Jewish population began to decline in the latter half of the 19th century, and by the early 20th century, the community had significantly diminished. The quarter was eventually integrated into the broader town structure, and many of its buildings were demolished or repurposed.

„Prague Rabbi“ z New Yorku aneb Victor Vorhand a aktivity židovských ortodoxních organizací v poválečném Československu (1945-1949)

Author(s): Monika Hanková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document discusses the activities of Rabbi Victor Vorhand, an orthodox rabbi who played a significant role in post-war Czechoslovakia. Born in 1912 in Hungary, Vorhand was involved in various Jewish organizations, including Agudas Jisroel and Vaad Hatzala. He organized the transport of Jewish orphans to the West and supported numerous Jewish families. After a brief period in Austria, he moved to the USA in the early 1950s, where he continued his work by establishing a congregation and supporting Jewish education and social services. The document highlights his efforts in aiding Jewish refugees, his involvement in the establishment of a yeshiva in Mariánské Lázně, and his contributions to the Jewish community in New York. Vorhand's legacy includes his dedication to preserving Jewish heritage and his impact on both European and American Jewish communities.

Židé v Čechách 3 - Sborník příspěvků ze semináře konaného 6. a 7. října 2010 v Tachově

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

On October 6-7, 2010 in Tachov, the Jewish Museum in Prague, in collaboration with the Museum of Český Les in Tachov and the State District Archive in Tachov, hosted the third seminar on Jewish history in the Czech Republic, focusing on modern issues and the history of Jews in border regions. The seminar included discussions on archival sources for Jewish history, demographic records, and the role of Jews in industrial and business development. Topics also covered the Aryanization of Jewish property and post-World War II restitution issues. Not all contributions were included in the proceedings, but efforts were made to publish them in a planned fourth issue. The authors are responsible for their studies' content, and the spelling of "žid" or "Žid" is left to their discretion.

Archivní prameny k dějinám Židů na okrese Tachov

Author(s): Jan Edl / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The archival sources for the history of Jews in the Tachov district are diverse and extensive, covering various periods and types of records. The State District Archive in Tachov holds significant materials, including census records, property registers, and documents from Jewish religious communities. These records provide insights into the Jewish population's social, economic, and religious life. The archive also contains valuable information on the impact of Nazi occupation and the subsequent communist regime on the Jewish community. Notable sources include the Jewish religious community registers, property records, and documents related to the administration of Jewish estates. The archive's collections are complemented by materials from other regional archives, such as the State Regional Archive in Plzeò. These combined resources offer a comprehensive view of the Jewish presence in the Tachov district, highlighting their contributions and the challenges they faced. The ongoing efforts to preserve and study these records are crucial for understanding the region's Jewish heritage. Researchers can access a wide range of documents, from legal records to personal narratives, providing a detailed picture of Jewish life in the area.

Činnost židovské obce v Turnově na přelomu 19. a 20. století

Author(s): Pavel Jakubec / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The Jewish community in Turnov has a long history dating back to the end of the 15th century, with the first documented community appearing in 1527. After being expelled in 1557, Jews returned in 1622 with the permission of Albrecht von Wallenstein. Over the centuries, the community established four synagogues and a Jewish cemetery. Despite facing antisemitism and forced relocations, the Jewish quarter thrived, particularly in the 19th century, with significant contributions to local industry. The community's leadership included notable figures such as Vilém Epstein, who served as chairman from 1889 until his death in 1913. The early 20th century saw the reconstruction of the synagogue and the introduction of electric lighting. However, antisemitic incidents persisted, including attacks on Jewish businesses and schools. The community's resilience is evident in their continued efforts to maintain their cultural and religious practices despite these challenges. The history of the Jewish community in Turnov is marked by periods of growth, persecution, and perseverance.

Židé v Čechách 2 - Sborník příspěvků ze semináře konaného 24. a 25. září 2008 v Nýrsku

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

On September 24-25, 2008 in Nýrsko, the Museum of Královský hvozd in Nýrsko, in collaboration with the Jewish Museum in Prague, hosted the second seminar on Jewish history in Bohemia, focusing on modern issues and the history of Jews in border regions. The seminar included discussions on the stay of Galician refugees in Bohemia during World War I, the contribution of Jews to industrial business development, and Czech-German relations post-1945. Regional topics included the history of Jews in specific localities, activities inspired by the "Lost Neighbors" project, and the documentation of Jewish cemeteries. Not all contributions were included in the proceedings, but efforts were made to publish them in a planned third issue. The authors are responsible for their studies' content, and the spelling of "žid" or "Žid" is left to their discretion.

Židé na Kladně

Author(s): Irena Veverková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The Jewish community in Kladno, researched by Irena Veverková, has a rich history dating back to the 17th century. The community grew significantly in the late 19th century, with many families moving from the nearby Hostouň ghetto. Prominent families included the Reimann, Taussig, and Heitler families, who were involved in trade and industry. Despite initial distrust, Jews in Kladno integrated well, contributing to the town's social and economic life. The community faced severe persecution during the Nazi occupation, with many members deported and killed. Notable figures included rabbis Herman Schwarz, Vilém Pollak, and Moric Müller, who served the community through challenging times. The Jewish cemetery and synagogue in Kladno remain important historical sites, reflecting the community's enduring legacy.

Židé v Čechách - Sborník příspěvků ze semináře konaného 24. a 25. října 2006 v Liberci

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

On November 24-25, 2006 in Liberec, the North Bohemian Museum in Liberec, in collaboration with the Jewish Museum in Prague, hosted a seminar for researchers focused on Jewish history in Bohemia, particularly modern issues and border regions' history. This event aimed to establish a tradition of regular meetings, addressing the history of Jewish communities in areas occupied by Nazi Germany in October 1938 and the broader history of Jews in 20th-century Bohemia. Contributions included master's and doctoral theses, broader projects, and regional museum research, covering topics from World War I to the 1950s. The seminar highlighted the need for such gatherings and their focus on contemporary issues and border regions. The authors are responsible for their studies' content, and the spelling of "žid" or "Žid" is left to their discretion.