Pro-Social Trickstars in Khaled Hosseini’s A Thousand Splendid Suns

Author(s): Paul Rüsse,Anastassia Krasnova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Tricksters are usually defined as non-heroic male characters obsessed with food, sex, and general merrymaking, occasionally changing shape and even gender but eventually returning to their masculine self. But is this necessarily true in contemporary ethnic literature? The current essay explores the notion of the trickstar, or the female trickster, in Afghan- American fiction, analysing the three heroines in Khaled Hosseini’s 2007 novel A Thousand Splendid Suns, which is a mother-daughter story set in Kabul at the turn of the millennium. In order to place this text into a cultural context and underscore the significance of the trickstar figure, it is compared to a traditional Afghan folk tale, “Women’s Tricks.” Two research questions are at the centre of this article: (1) In what ways are trickstars from Afghan folklore similar to the heroines of Hosseini’s novel? and (2) What roles do his heroines perform as pro-social trickstars?

RĂZBOIUL ȘI PACEA - PERSPECTIVE RELIGIOASE

Author(s): Emanuel Gafița / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2021

Researching the Old Testament we identify many clues that war has not been seen as part of mankind’s daily life. Also the central themes of the New Testament are the Savior’s sacrifice by which men were reconciled with God, and their sacrificial love for one another. Analyzing the vision captured in the Qur’an and other books considered to be sacred by the Islamic world, we come to the conclusion that the peace much desired by all mankind can only be achieved by transforming the whole world into Dar al-Islam.

MRAT E SHQIPTARËVE GJATË SHEKUJVE XIII-XVI

Author(s): Genc Prelvukaj / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 51/2021

This paper is concerned with the exploration of the names used within the ethnic Albanian community in the period between the XIIIXVI centuries, which appeared in the old documents and especially the population and property registers. Firstly, within the volume is explained the type and scope of authentic names, where most of them have no local character but were encountered almost throughout the territory populated by Albanians. Discussing Christian names is part of this paper as well. Names of this nature are divided into two groups: of the same form as other Balkan people whereas the second group involves those that were treated by Albanian language, which did not occur as such in the culture of other surrounding ethnic communities. Furthermore, the last two chapters explore the names of Ottoman-Islamic nature, the practice of which began with the stabilization of the Ottoman authorities after the occupation, and with the female names found throughout the research.

Devletin Ekonomideki Rolünün İslam İktisatçıları ile Klasik İktisatçıların Bakış Açılarına Göre Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Murat Fidan,Serkan Dilek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

The role of the state in the economy is one of the fundamental questions on which economists cannot have consensus. Adam Smith and classical economists argued that the state should intervene in the economy as little as possible. The role of the state in the economy in the studies of Islamic economy, which has increased since the second half of the 20th century, has also been revealed in the Qur'an and the Sunnah. The aim of the study is to examine the differences and similarities between Islamic economics and classical economics approaches about the role of the state in the economy. As a result of the study, it was concluded that both approaches have similar arguments about not interfering with market prices as much as possible. However, the Islamic economy transfers a significant portion of the supply of public goods to the voluntary sector through foundations. The classical economics approach, on the other hand, does not take kindly to public entrepreneurship, and in this respect, there are similarities between the two views. While classical economics does not prevent or even supports the accumulation of wealth, it is tried to prevent the accumulation of wealth in one hand in the Islamic economy. In short, similarities and differences between Islamic economics and classical economics have been determined.

Hanefî Çevreler Özelinde Kadınların Fıkıh İlmine İlgisi

Author(s): Adnan Hoyladı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

From the past to the present, women’s involvement in social life and their preoccupation with science has been a problematic issue in most societies. The Prophet Muhammad gave importance to women, who were worthless in the period of Jahiliya, in a way that could not be found in the rest of the world. The Prophet gave them the right to access social life, mosques and intellectual assemblies. First, The Prophet Muhammad forbade women to be prevented from going to mosques and even requested that women who want to come to the mosque for worship be allowed at night. Emphasizing the education of women, the Prophet ensured that they were taught to read and write. He contributed to their education by allocating a special day for women’s education. He even opened a school called Ṣuffetu'n-Nisā – a space enabling women to receive an education. After the death of the Prophet, women’s access to mosques and intellectual assemblies was increasingly restricted due to the dominant character of Arab society and the poor understanding of the Prophet’s message by some. His wife Aisha said, “If Hz. Muhammad knew what women were doing in mosques, he would have forbidden them to come to the mosque.” Her testimony shows that some women of her time believed their behaviours were not in line with the requirements of Islam. However, women who understood the message of our Prophet correctly researched various Islamic sciences. It is known that until the fourth century Hijri, many women narrated hadiths, gave lectures in Damascus Umayyad Mosque, Masjid al-Aqsa, and Masjid al-Nabī, and many male students, including the caliph, attended these lectures. It is even stated in the sources that some women went on long journeys to collect hadiths. The fact that women were considered an element of sedition, especially since the third century, prevented them from going to mosques and intellectual assemblies in the name of piety. At the same time, as the works of Greek philosophers and logicians were translated and recognized in the Islamic world, their negative ideas about women had a partial effect on Islamic scholars. On the other hand, the fact that negative judgments of the Israelite narrations about women entered Islamic sources had a partial negative effect on the views of Muslim scholars towards women. In addition, since the fourth century of the hijra, the beginning of the dominance of the Shiite Fatimids in Egypt and the Shiite Buwayhids in Iraq brought about serious changes in the social life of the Muslim community. Going out of women was the cause of disasters such as famine and epidemics, and they were restricted from leaving their homes and accessing intellectual assemblies. In the sixth century Hijri, the number of female scholars increased in the Muslim society, when the society gained stability with the Saljūq, Ayyubid and Mamlūk dominations. However, this positive picture came to an end with the Mongol invasion, which came from the east and caused great damage to all intellectual studies. During this period, many scholars lost their lives, libraries were plundered, and intellectual assemblies were disbanded. After the Mongolian invasion passed in the Islamic world, the number of female jurists, which has a fluctuating course until today, has changed according to the conditions of the time they live in. In the course of history, women’s interest in fiqh has depended on their access to knowledge and knowledge centres. Women sometimes learned fiqh through their individual efforts. Sometimes they had the chance to learn fiqh from their next of kin or husband, such as their grandfather, father, husband, or brother, who were also jurists. When the historical context is examined, it can be seen that the number of female jurists in every period is less than that of men. In this case, the biggest factor is the responsibilities within the family, such as housework and childcare imposed on women by society. Women had to devote most of their time to accomplishing these tasks. In Muslim societies, it is important for women to learn Islamic law/fiqh according to their own school of law so that they can fulfil the orders of the religion. In this sense, although women did not fall behind in the education of fiqh, they remained in the background in writing books and intellectual activities.

Roy, Oliver. Avrupa Hristiyan mı?

Author(s): Nesrin ÜNLÜ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 57/2022

Review of: Nesrin ÜNLÜ - Roy, Oliver. Is Europe Christian. translated by Cynthia Schoch. New York: Oxford University Publications, 2019.

Literature and Religion in the Balkans. The Theoretical Comparatism and his Universal Invariants

Author(s): Carmen Dărăbuş / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2012

Lucrarea Literatură şi religie în Balcani. Comparatismul teoretic şi invarianţii universali. Studiu aplicat analizează rolul cuvântului devenit invariant al comparatismului teoretic, ca modalitate esenţială prin care literatura participă la universalitate în realitatea animată a romanului lui Meša Selimović, Dervişul şi moartea, într-un context cultural slavo-otoman bine conturat. Alături de rebeliune şi cunoaştere, cuvântul este un alt element principal care mediază lumea profană cu lumea unei mănăstiri musulmane. Personajul Ahmed Nurudin, derviş într-o tekie din Sarajevo care aparţine Ordinului Mevlevilor, preferă lumea protectoare a tekiei, care-i oferă o cunoaştere profundă într-o anumită secţiune a vieţii, dar care rămâne limitată faţă de lumea exterioară, pe care el începe să o decodeze și să o perpetueze prin cuvinte, care stabilesc marile evenimente şi ierarhiile dintr-un anumit timp şi spaţiu. Astfel, cunoaşterea devine o formă de anulare a vechiului mod de viaţă, îi permite accesul dincolo de graniţele universului său restrictiv, metanaraţiunea la scară individuală.

Orijentalna zbirka Zavičajnog muzeja u Visokom - Katalog dokumenata na arapskom jeziku

Author(s): Mubera Pulo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2022

The Oriental collection of documents of the Regional Museum in Visoko holds the original written material created at the end of the period of Ottoman and early Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as during the Austro-Hungarian period and the time between the two world wars. The documents of the collection were written in Oriental languages, in Arabic and Ottoman Turkish, and to a lesser extent in Bosnian. A small part of the collection, which consists of manuscripts and printed material in Arabic, has been catalogued in the paper. All catalogued documents, with the exception of one work, are of a religious nature, in the field of basic sources of the Islamic religious law - the Qur'an and Hadith, or Hadith science and Islamic literature. By cataloguing seventeen documents, a part of the fund of the Oriental Collection, which the museum inherits in its holdings, is presented to the professional, scientific and general public for the first time.

Tefsîru ve’d-Duhâ li’l-Hammâmî Adlı Eseri Bağlamında Muhammed Tevfîk Bosnevî’nin Tefsir Metodu

Author(s): Mehmet KILIÇARSLAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

The 19th century constitutes the most unsteady period of the Ottoman Empire on the basis of military, political and scientific senses. Although not as much as in previous centuries, respected scholars and mystics continued to be upbrought in this century. Muhammed Tevfîk Bosnevî Efendi (1866) is one of the leading scholar mystics who upbrought in the Ottoman science and wisdom climate in the aforementioned period. After he was promoted to the caliphate post in eleven sects carrying out active guidance activities in Istanbul, he consented to become a devout disciple of the famous Halwati-Shabani Sheikh of the time, Kuşadalı İbrahim Efendi, and received his ijazah by completing the entire course of mystical training under his supervision. Upon the death of his sheikh, he took the position of guidance and assumed the duty of guidance for twenty years. He also adopted the understanding of ignoring the cult rituals such as the crown, cardigan, and fleece, which were the most distinctive qualities of his sheikh, and disregarded such images throughout his life. He has a deep knowledge of Islamic sciences such as fiqh, tafsir, hadith and kalam, as can be understood from the works that were written by his students in the lesson circles called Council [Majlis]. In this study, which examines the work named "Tefsîru ve'd-Duhâ li'l-Hammâmî", his hermeneutics method is discussed.

Dergüzînî Hasan Rıza ve Mecelle’ye Tetimme Mahiyetindeki Eseri

Author(s): Fatih YAKAR / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

It is evident that the Ottoman state made radical reforms to overcome the crises it had fallen in various fields, especially since the Tanzimat era. In this context, the preparation and codification of “Majalla-i Ahkām-i Adliyya” is undoubtedly one of the most important events of both the Ottoman legal history and the history of Islamic law. It is not a whole and complete civil law since it mainly covers debts, partly property and judicial /procedural law. “Munākahāt ve Mufārakāt” subjects corresponding especially to the field of family law and the related law articles are not included in Majalla. The work that forms the basis of our paper was written precisely to fill this gap. The work in the nature of translation and commentary of Kadri Pasha’s book, al-Ahkām al-shar'iyya fi al-Ahvāl al-shahsiyya, which is a draft law, was born out of the need for a compact text on family law. It is also a response to the criticisms in his era towards the Islamic Family Law verdict. Its preparation about twenty years before the Family Law Decree is also a helpful clue in analyzing the nature of the work. In addition to translation, Hasan Riza strives to make the marriage contract, the responsibilities of the spouses, divorce, lineage and alimony subjects understandable, and to respond to the criticisms on these issues. When his effort is evaluated together with the religiously referenced commentary he made to Qānūn-i Asāsī , it can be described as the proof of the accuracy of the family law judgment, especially in the classical fiqh literature, and the defense of the conformity of these provisions to intact human nature.

Osmanlı Medreselerinden Dârülfünûn İlahiyat Fakültesi’ne Siyer ve İslâm Tarihi Dersleri

Author(s): Talip Ayar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2022

The aim of this article is to examine the Sīra and Islamic History courses taught in the Ottoman madrasahs and the branches of the Dār al-Funūn that provide theology education. Sīra and Islamic History courses were included in the formal education program of Ottoman madrasahs in 1910. The mentioned courses were taught in informal education activities other than the madrasah before this date. After the first experience in 1910, Sīra and Islamic History courses had been included in the curriculum until 1924, when the madrasahs were closed. These courses were sometimes existed as two separate courses in the curriculum, and sometimes the subjects of Sīra were explained in the History of Islam. As for Dār al-Funūn, The High Religious Sciences Branch (Ulûm-ı Âliye-i Dîniyye Şubesi) where theology courses were taught, was opened in this institution in 1900. Later, taking its place and carrying out a similar mission, Religious Sciences Branch (Ulûm-ı Şer‘iyye Şubesi) and Faculty of Theology operated within the structure of Dār al-Funūn. Sīra and Islamic History courses were taught in all three departments of Dār al-Funūn that provided theology education. As in the madrasahs, the Sīra course was sometimes existed separately from the History of Islam in the curriculum in Dār al-Funūn and sometimes its subjects were talked in the History of Islam. This practice continued until the date when Dār al-Funūn Faculty of Theology was closed.

Peacock, Andrew C. S, Mediaeval Islamic Historiography and Political Legitimacy: Bal’amī’s Tārīkhnāma

Author(s): Fatih Karlıoğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Review of: Fatih Karlıoğlu - Peacock, Andrew C. S, Mediaeval Islamic Historiography and Political Legitimacy: Bal’amī’s Tārīkhnāma, London (Routledge), 2007.

Examining the Foundation of Islamic Organisational Citizenship Behaviour in Jordanian Organisations

Author(s): Hayel Ababneh,Alex Avramenko,Ahmed Abdullah,Hasan Aleassa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that religion plays in the working lives of Muslim employees, by exploring the influences of Islamic values on employees Organisational Citizenship Behaviour. This is a largely quantitative study conducted in Jordanian organisations. The study introduces a theoretical model drawing parallels between Organisational Citizenship Behaviour and Islamic Work Ethics. The participants, comprising of employees of Jordanian public and private sectors, have been randomly invited to express their views on the possible penetration of Islamic values in the workplace. A Partial Least Squares approach alongside a bootstrapping technique was used to analyse the data. The validity of the measurement model was tested using the Fornell and Larcker criterion. Findings indicate that Islamic values do influence the citizenship behaviour, organisational commitment and loyalty to the organisation of employees. Motivated by religion employees are more likely to adopt discretionary citizenship-alike behaviours in the workplace and be loyal to their organisation. The scope of this study is limited by its primary focus of developing an Islamic perspective within the domain of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour, which utilises the Islamic Work Ethics framework rather than being grounded in Islamic holy texts. This paper not only provides a useful insight into the link between religious motivation, citizenship behaviour, and organisational commitment and loyalty, but also notes the influence of religion in the workplace.

Goranii din Kosovo între ocultare şi instrumentalizare

Author(s): Ruxandra Lambru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2009

This paper focuses on the origin of the name of the Gorani people from Kosovo, their oldness and mode by which it is defined by cohabiting peoples. It is believed that Gorani were originally Slavic people and subsequently Islamized and have been living in the Prizren region and they are now considered successively Serbians by the Serbian state, Macedonians by the Macedonian state and Bulgarians by the Bulgarian state. They were barely being mentioned both in historical sources and censuses during the former Yugoslavia becoming more visible after the Kosovo conflict became a hot topic on the international agenda. Nowadays, Gorani have a political party, representatives in the Kosovo Parliament and schools. Due to the Serbian linguistic kinship, they have a curriculum similar to the Serbian one and due to their religion Bosnian clerics are giving them religious education.

Atti del settimo convegno RBS. International Studies on Biblical & Semitic Rhetoric, F. Graziano – R. Meynet – B. Witek (ed.), Seria: RBSem 30, Leuven: Peeters 2021

Author(s): Jerzy Bosowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2021

Stock returns-inflation nexus in Indonesia: Evidence from conventional and Islamic stocks

Author(s): H. HAFASNUDDIN,M. Shabri Abd Majid / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Objective: The objective of the article is to empirically explore the effects of actual, expected, and unexpected inflation on conventional and Islamic stock markets in Indonesia. Research Design & Methods: In the first stage, an auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is utilized to measure expected and unexpected inflations. In the second stage, a dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimator is used to explore the stock return-inflation nexus over the period from 1999 to 2019. Findings: The study documented that Islamic stock returns are independent of inflation following the Fisher hypothesis. Meanwhile, a negative relationship between stock returns and inflation is found in the conventional stock market. However, the Fama proxy hypothesis was incapable of describing the negative conventional stock returns-inflation relation in its entirety. However, our findings support the Mundell-Tobin hypothesis. Implications & Recommendations: Our findings imply that the Islamic stock market of Indonesia provides a full hedge against actual, while the conventional stock market does not. Contribution & Value Added: This study is the first attempt in the Islamic finance literature to comparatively explore the effects of inflation, expected, and unexpected inflation on conventional and Islamic stock markets from the perspective of the emerging Indonesian economy.

Protjerivanje muslimana iz kneževine Srbije u bosanski ejalet i kontinuitet velikosrpske politike

Author(s): Adamir Jerković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 89-90/2022

Uz nezaobilazne marševe, kafanske pjesme i sličnu malograđanštinu, obilježen je 9. januar, neustavni dan Republike Srpske, koji niko nije priznao izuzev njih samih. Toga dana 1992. održana je u Sarajevu tzv. skupština srpske republike u Bosni i Hercegovini. Tadašnji republički i savezni jugoslovenski funkcioneri iz reda srpskog naroda, donijeli su odluku u okviru plana za razbijanje Bosne i Hercegovine i stvaranja „velike Srbije“. Rezultati oslobodilačkog rata narodâ Bosne i Hercegovine poništili su, međutim, tu nakaznu, monstrouznu ideju i duboko protustavni projekt. Ustavni sud BiH je dva puta proglasio neustavnim 9. januar, kao Dan RS, dok je po mišljenju Venencijanske komisije ovo “diskriminatorski, jer nije u skladu s univerzalnim vrijednostima dijaloga, tolerancije i razumijevanja”. Ovaj neustavni praznik je konstruiran, zapravo, izmišljen za potrebe veličanja velikosrpstva, za izazivanje komšija i sijanje mržnje među narodima, za negiranje Bosne i Hercegovine, čiji je nerazdvojni član od Daytona uspostavljeni manji bh. entitet. Praznik je održan u nezdravom međunarodnom ozračju uz incidente u bosanskohercegovačkim gradovima, u kojima su Bošnjaci manjina a Srbi većina, ali sa čvrstom vjerom narodâ u Bosni i Hercegovini da će sačuvati njenu nezavisnost i teritorijalni integritet, po svaku cijenu. Velikosrpska ideja nije od jučer i ona traje već dva stoljeća. U narednom radu se govori o veliksrpskoj politici i njenom kontinuitetu sve do naših dana. Govorimo o srpskom apartheidu i genocidu koji se javno spominje od početka XIX stoljeća kroz zabilješke srpskih političara i pisaca tog vremena. Bošnjaci su istjerani iz Srbije, počev od 1804. sve do 1882. godine. Velikosrpska agresija na Bosnu i Hercegovinu nije ni prestajala, samo je nekada bila pritajena i odvijala se kroz agrarne reforme i kolonizacije. U posljednjih 30 godina ona se odvija glasno i otvoreno. Sve to je rezultiralo agresijom na Bosnu i Hercegovinu, genocidom u Srebrenici, zločinom u Tomašici i na brojnim drugim znanim i neznanim stratištima. U osnovi rada je kontinuitet velikosrpske ideje i politike, koji traje skoro dva vijeka bez prestanka i posustajanja. Ona je nadojena zlom idejom srpskog nacionalizma i kreće se za ehom bolesnog šovinističkog zvuka.

МУСЛИМАНСКО КУЛТУРНО-ПРОСВЈЕТНО ДРУШТВО »НАРОДНА УЗДАНИЦА «У УСЛОВИМА ШЕСТОЈАНУАРСКЕ ДИКТАТУРЕ

Author(s): Ibrahim Kemura / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 24/1988

In the period of the January 6 dictatorship the society »Narodna uzdanica« (People’s Hope), which had been established by the Yugoslav Moslem Organization (YMO) and had been one of its specific means of its activity; was subject to the regime’s oppressive measures. The regime found a justification in such a treatment of a cultural and educational society in the endeavours of the banned YMO to continue with its political activities under the auspices of the Society.

O PITANJU EMANCIPACIJE MUSLIMANSKE ŽENE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Senija Milišić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 28/1999

The process of emancipation of muslim woman is a part of the extensive problems and trends in the modern history in Bosnia and Herzegovina and it is related to the “disappearing” of the national dress, this process, as the main style of clothing began in 1878 and it remained until the 1945. Wearing veil (covering head and face of a woman) was related to the religions and social regulations of a muslim community in a which a woman had a special role, that is why taking off veils had more profound historic sense than it was in the case with the departure from the old styles of clothing among our people.

PRIKAZI

Author(s): Dževad Juzbašić,Husnija Kamberović,Esad Kurtović,Sonja M. Dujmović,Vera Katz,Senija Milišić,Seka Brkljača / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 28/1999

Reviews of: Prilozi historiji Sarajeva. Orijentalni institut, Institut za istoriju, Sarajevo, 1997, str. 531. Izlaganje održano na promociji u Narodnom pozorištu 10. januara 1998. Godine; Mustafa Imamović, Historija Bošnjaka, Bošnjačka zajednica kulture “Preporod”, Sarajevo, 1997, str. 636 ; Mladen Ančić, Putanja klatna. Ugarsko-hrvatsko kraljevstvo i Bosna u XIV. stoljeću. Zavod za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru i ZIRAL (Zajednica izdanja Ranjeni labud), Zadar - Mostar, 1997., str. 308. (lat.); Adnan Jahić: Muslimanske formacije Tuzlanskog kraja u Drugom svjetskom ratu. Tuzla, 1995, DD “Zmaj od Bosne” i KDB “Preporod”, str. 133; Francine Friedman, Yugoslavia, A Comprehensive English-Language Bibliography, Compiled and Edited by Francine Friedman, Scholary Resources Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, 1993, str. 547; Zdenko Radelić, Hrvatska seljačka stranka 1941.-1950, Hrvatski institut za povijest, Biblioteka Hrvatska povjesnica, Monografije i studije, knjiga 3, Zagreb, 1996, str. 256; Genocid u Bosni i Hercegovini 1991.-1995. Zbornik radova Međunarodnog kongresa za dokumentaciju genocida u Bosni i Hercegovini 1991.-1995., održanog u Bonu od 31. avgusta do 4. septembra 1995. godine, Sarajevo, 1997, str. 814; Naučni skup: Događanja historije u sjenci balkanskih ratova (Doing History in the Shadow of the Balkan Wars), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 18. januar 1997.godine.