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The introduction of the “socialist revolution, socialism, public property” paradigm and its ideological role for the establishment of the capitalist way of production in ХХ c. is studied. A situational analysis is made of the class and inter-factional struggles in Soviet Russia in the middle and in the second part of the 20s. The study analyses the class struggle between the large centralized state monopolistic capital on the one hand, and the small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises on the other, as well as their factional representation in the political life of that period. It reveals the advantages of the factional struggle of Stalin’s centrist faction and the importance of his ideologeme for the “establishment of socialism in a particular country”. It also shows how class struggle influences the tragic life of the outstanding Russian economist Nikolai Kondratiev.
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“This population is the most mixed with diverse nations of any in the kingdom,” a sixteenth-century inhabitant of Lyon said to account for disorders there: “Italians, Florentines, Genoese, Lucchese, Swiss, Germans, Spanish and other nations. This is a city of as many parts as the spots of a leopard’s skin. A strange populace!” In his memoir The Tongue Set Free: Remembrance of a European childhood, the writer Elias Canetti recalled fondly the mix in his Danube town of Ruschuk in the early twentieth century.
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The review of: A centralizáció csapdája (The Trap of Centralization) by László Bruszt; Szombathely: Savaria University Press, 1995, 293 pp.
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Hungary is considered as a musical country thanks to the large number of Hungarian-born musicians who have attained world fame. This claim can be further backed by a unique feature of the forty years of totalitarianism in Hungary (1949-89). They produced a snobbish dictatorship that tried to educate its citizens, initially through severe censorship, which later became more relaxed. The less money this policy had at its disposal, the less it exercised censorship on education. One of the focuses of this campaign “Let’s Educate the Hungarian Masses” was classical music—Hungarian and foreign.
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The review of: Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen; New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996. 622 pp.
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This text deals with one of the neglected topics of contemporary social pedagogy which extends to developmental psychology and sociology. This topic is so-called cult of youth which is often mentioned in the academic literature, but has not been precisely conceptualized. This text was therefore focused on the definition of basic category, i.e. youth, and then discussed the relationship to the cult of youth and the individual elements that helps to form it. The cult of youth is associated with so called youth culture, which has been spread and produced by global media. The influence of the media has been already evident from the 60’s of the 20th century, when we often talk about American cultural hegemony which presents within its production the popular culture and youthful lifestyle, which is then presented in magazines, music media, fashion industry, etc. For contemporary capitalist society the concept of the cult of youth is a useful concept as only successful, young and efficient individuals can consume new and new products (as well as use the services) typical for this still-rising imaginary phase of human life. Therefore the cult of youth is the domain of successful people who do not want to lose their success. Only socially successful can try to be “forever young”.
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Social and economic changes on the turn of 19th and 20th century caused some unprofitable changes in the existence of polish families, so that we can say about new categories – pictures of childhood, for example: “childhood of subjective and objective” categories, “television childhood”, ”computer childhood”, “childhood in net”, ”childhood of worse chances”. All these refer to sick, disable children and also these, who are from multiply families, village families, children living in the street. Valorization of present, social care system should take into consideration some rules to have it the features of civic character. Social work is a new formula of protective society. Specific the present social care expresses in fact, that care, in a great degree has out of institutional features. Care and social work, specific for previous system isn’t sufficient area for practice activities, because it’s character refers to narrow group children and youth: sick, disable, who need care activity, in spite of social work, which has wider context and refers to practice activity, forming new models and work conceptions in local environment. In social work professional activities has been mainly taken by social workers. So that social care should have community character (family centered practices). These conceptions of social care are propitious by community ideas, as also ideas of civic nation. These type of activities should include, gradually, European standards about children care, describing in concrete documents, based on autonomy family, primacy family in children education, what describe the rules of organization the social care institutions. Actually social care should take into consideration, a part of concentration idea, reintegration rule (searching for new alternatives for institutional care, creating small family institutions and make easy contact orphans with their families. The idea of civic society should also develop, in a wilder scale, activities based on respect in family living the solidarity and auxiliary rules. Such a role might act voluntary work, which tradition is known from XII century. The map of social needs, described by dangers of families lives is a kind of challenge for developing new form of help and care, especially out of institutions, thanks to them “childhood of worse chance” might be less painfully experienced.
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Since the late 1980s there has been a growing interest in women’s migration, which led to the emergence of intersectional analysis as a main focus of gendered studies of mobility. However, intersectional research of global migration processes rarely includes the analysis of religion in the experience of migrants, not asking about the possible role of religion in the gender revolution. Studies focus primarily (and often only) on the gendered division of care work, new forms of maintaining transnational families, and caring for children from abroad. In this article I present a preliminary overview of studies, which analyze the intersection of migration, gender, care work, and religion. I show that the inclusion of religion in the analysis helps to answer in a more complex way, how the shifts in gender roles, contracts, and the public-private division happen.
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Final legal and factual results of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) are far away from the dreams and hopes of the Bulgarian people.
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Helena from the Walewski family (1881–1956) and Antoni Siemiątkowski (1868–1952), coat of arms – Jastrzębiec, were the owners of the Wojsławice and Tymienice estates until the outbreak of the Second World War. They lived in a palace in Wojsławice, built in 1900–1902, from which they were expelled in September 1939. One of their sons, Józef Siemiątkowski (1904–1939), lived with wife Cvetana alias Tsena (1911–1983) and children Helena born in 1936 and Antoni (1983–2011) in a 19th century manor house in Tymienice. They were married in Sophia in 1934. At the outbreak of the war they moved to Warsaw because Józef was conscripted. Part I of the story of the Siemiątkowski family gives an account of the tragic history of this couple. On 24 September 1939, Józef Siemiątkowski was killed in a fight with Germans in Kazuń near Warsaw. His wife Cvetana went with children to Bulgaria. When they returned to Poland after the war, they had to face the harsh life of the post-war reality.
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This text has a biographical character – it presents the history of a descendant of a family belonging to Polish gentry, from the happy years of the interwar period, through the dramatic time of the German occupation, and no less difficult post-war years under the communist rule. Barbara Newelska, connected with the estate in Boczki, is the granddaughter of Adam Nencki, brother of Marceli Nencki, a world-famous biochemist. Besides the available published sources, the author makes use of the rich materials from Barbara Newelska’s family collections.
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The paper analyses the period of the Lithuanian theatre history of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, the characteristics of theatrical creativity in Lithuanian Evenings and reveals their links with the creative experiments of the second half of the 20th century. Introduced the application of the Lithuanian Evenings theatrical traditions to Tauragė Folk Theatre productions. It aims to prove the importance of the continuity of theatrical traditions in the contemporary theatre activity.
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The article deals with the musical identity of the film Adam wants to be a man by Vytautas Žalakevicius. The author of the paper analyses how the music created by Eduardas Balsys contributes to the final artistic value of this film. Lithuanian authors described film music only theoretically, without practical analysis of particular films. Here, the author draws the conclusion that the film Adam wants to be a man is one of the first artistically integral and significant Lithuanian feature films where the functionality of musical artistic means of expression undoubtedly created the aura of a unique and distinctive early Lithuanian cinema.
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The aim of the research was to identify the attitude of Lithuanian composers towards the wind band Ten Lithuanian composers were interviewed. The results of the research showed that although composers’ attitude towards wind bands was very different, in general they agreed with the assumption that the contemporary paradigm of the wind band as a performer of entertaining commercial music is one of the main obstacles to enhancing its position as an important artistic unit. It becomes obvious that a possibility of emerging serious wind band literature in Lithuania depends on several interconnected factors among which bandmasters’ concernment and especially composers’ awareness and determination to compose wind band music are extremely important.
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