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Mit rodzi(n)ny w twórczości Marka Kusiby w świetle tomu Rajskie

Author(s): Bożena Szałasta-Rogowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The present article addresses the question of family myth in the works by Marek Kusiba — a Polish poet, who has been creating his works in Canada for many years. Interpreting mainly the poem Rajskie in the context of the still unpublished volume of poetry of the same title, the authoress of the article explores autobiographical elements — mainly connected with family, emigration (meta-literary and historical) — which constitute one of the most important foundations of this lyrical proposal. The biographical optics, which in this poetry has always been firmly embedded in the cultural context, usually inspires universal findings.

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Prywatna Ameryka Wierzyńskiego

Author(s): Zdzisław Marcinów / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This literary sketch is devoted to the book titled Moja prywatna Ameryka [My Private America] (London, 1966), which unfortunately is not available in its entirety in Polish editions. In the initial part of the sketch, the author focuses on the reception of both the aforementioned book, and the collection titled Cygańskim wozem [Gypsy Cart], issued six months earlier. He argues that Wierzyński’s “American” sketches depict the poet’s way of accustoming himself to that country. Moreover, he tries to observe particular stages in the poet’s settling down in America and subsequent circles of friends, who lived in Wierzyński’s neighbourhood or further away. By delineating their profiles, the poet showed the specificity of American artistic and political life, as well as the diversity of American artistic proposals.

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Wojny z oddali. “W imię Ojca” Kazimierza Wierzyńskiego

Author(s): Miłosz Piotrowiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the article Wars from Afar. “W imię Ojca” by Kazimierz Wierzyński the poem — written by the poet in exile — undergoes an in-depth analysis and interpretation. In the initial part of his deliberation, the author of the article examines semantic possibilities of W imię Ojca [In the Name of the Father] — restitution of tradition, reinterpretation of symbols, intertextual contexts. The poem turns out to be the poet’s bitter settlement with the romantic manner of poetizing, historiosophical interpretation of the order of history, and an array of archaic characters. However, in his poem of prayerlike character, Wierzyński shows the way to discovering good solutions that can lead along three routes: the land variant — the American dream of an expatriate; the history variant — an affirmative reiteration of Józef Piłsudski’s poetical phrases; the religion variant — kenosis as solace. The author of Krzyżei miecze [Crosses and Swords] treads these routes and returns to the sources of peace, soothes his mind and emotions, which at the beginning of the text were brought by him to the highest registers of bitterness, despair, and melancholy.

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„Kasandra się myli”. Epilog przyjaźni Wierzyńskiego z Lechoniem

Author(s): Ewa Bartos / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The text is an attempt at scrutinizing the funeral oration Kazimierz Wierzyński delivered over Jan Lechoń’s grave after his suicide. Beginning with an analysis of the relationship between Jan Lechoń and Kazimierz Wierzyński, the authoress interprets the speech, delivered on June 12, 1956. She examines elements of romantic tradition in Wierzyński’s text, as well as its relationships with poetical works, and juxtaposes the speech with commemoratory texts of both poets.

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Poetycka biografia emigrantki Anny Frajlich. Wokół tomiku “Łodzią jest i jest przystanią”

Author(s): Anna Fiedeń / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In her analysis of Anna Frajlich’s collection Łodzią jest i jest przystanią [It is a Boat, and It is a Harbour], the authoress of the article distinguishes — echoing Maja Elżbieta Cybulska – three phases in the poetess’s biography: the stages of “dilemma,” “anger,” and “reflection.” The stage of “dilemma” has its beginning in 1968, and for the poetess, it is a generational experience. The stage of “anger” is the period when Frajlich spends the first years in a foreign country, when her disagreement with the state of affairs arises as well as the need to re-establish her professional and social position. The third stage of “reflection,” which comes no sooner than when the relative stability in her life is reestablished, resulting in the flourishing of creativity, and in cooperation with Polish and international cultural and publishing institutions.

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Przestrzenie utracone. O poezji Anny Frajlich

Author(s): Katarzyna Niesporek-Klanowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The past constitutes one of the main themes that consolidate the poetic world of Anna Frajlichas it constantly worries the poetess, claims its place in the presence, and haunts her progress towards the future. The past is brought back to life especially when it seems to have just been forgotten. The subject matter of the article are objects and places that appear in poems written by the authoress of Ogrodem i ogrodzeniem [The Garden and the Fence]. The former revive memory, rescue it from oblivion, and get transferred to the future. The latter continually return when the poetess travels — be it actually or mentally — to her homeland. However, she does not stop to dwell upon times gone by. She organizes the past in her memory, but also does not allow anything that was lost to incapacitate the presence.

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W poszukiwaniu pełni. Czesława Miłosza spotkania z poezją anglo‑amerykańską

Author(s): Justyna Hanna Budzik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This literary sketch is devoted to Czesław Miłosz’s translations of Anglo-American poetry,which the poet incorporated into Nieobjęta ziemia [Unattainable Earth] — one of silvic poems in his literary oeuvre. Against the background of the whole collection, two quoted here translations of poetry by David Henry Lawrence and Walt Whitman mark themselves as especially interesting. The article is an attempt to decipher the author of Trzy zimy [Three Winters’] intention as well as to answer the question of what determined the choice of these particular poems from amongst the realm of Anglo-American lyrical poetry. The authoress tries to discern whether, and if yes, in what sense, Miłosz identifies with Whitman’s and Lawrence’s ruminations or even certain philosophy that can be construed based on their poems.

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„Spotkanie, którego nie będzie”. „Na wierzbach… nasze skrzypce” Juliana Stryjkowskiego

Author(s): Grażyna Maroszczuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Grażyna Maroszczuk’s sketch concerns the migration experience of the writer, whom fateand history sentenced to frequent changes of abode due to political coercion, to the desire to save his life and, in the post-war period, to the cognitive curiosity realizing itself through travel. The experience of encountering the Soviet occupation zone in the East and the American continent in the second half of the 1960s could not remain without consequences for both the subject and for the places, which his imagination was taking possession of. Changes of place turned the writer into a migrant, influenced his way of interpreting reality, showed the complicated issues of identity transformations and auto-identification entanglements inscribed in the story and autobiographical narrative “about encountering” the Other.

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Kobieta na wygnaniu. O bohaterce prozy Danuty Mostwin

Author(s): Jolanta Pasterska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the historically sanctioned discourse, presenting the masculine ethos of the writer in exile,the question of female immigration narrative, the female point of view, also demands careful reflection. Danuta Mostwin’s novels constitute the narration of women about women. This manner of story-telling emphasizes duality of the accepted role. This is because in this prose on the one hand we deal with showing the existential dimension of emigration (a woman speaks about women, she speaks overtly), and on the other hand — we find ourselves in the field of textualization of emigration: the woman is a writer and she is talking about women experiencing the world (she speaks covertly). That bond between existence and writing reveals a new kind of reading — the emigrational femininity and female writing in exile.

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Brazylia i polscy emigranci w cyklu powieściowym Jerzego Kossowskiego “Ta krew nie plami”

Author(s): Janusz Pasterski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article recalls an unfinished trilogy by Jerzy Kossowski titled Ta krew nie plami [This Blood Does Not Stain], telling the story of Polish immigrants in Brazil in the 1930s, of the hard life of people in the wilderness of virgin forest, and of their patriotic commitment, which makes them abandon their American home after the outbreak of World War II, return to Europe and join the Polish army in France. The author of the sketch briefly describes the history of Polish emigration to Brazil and characterizes the most important literary works portraying the life of immigrants in this country. The main part of the article is an analysis of two novels that make up the aforementioned cycle: Wici w puszczy [Wici in the Forest] (1954) and W Wogezach straszy nocami [It Haunts in the Vosges at Night] (1955). Both novels are treated here as a literary picture of life in a foreign land and, at the same time,as the testament to their author’s deep attachment to his homeland.

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„Znaleźć dla siebie nowe miejsce pod słońcem”. Twórczość prozatorska Wacława Lieberta

Author(s): Agata Paliwoda / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authoress discusses prose works of Wacław Liebert (1902—1993) — a writer born in Moscow, now living in Canada since 1951 — the author of five unpublished plays, a volume of memoirs (Wrony nad Moskwą [Crows over Moscow]), a novel taking place in Kielce during World War II (Ewidencja W-16 [Register W-16], and two collections of short stories on various subjects (O miłości i tak dalej [Of Love and So On], Byłe i niebyłe [The Former and Non-existent]). Agata Paliwoda draws attention to the autobiographical sources of Liebert’s writing and underlines his ability to build interesting stories (which, among others, undertake the issue of emigration experiences of people from different generations) or to create psychologically credible characters, as well as his narrative efficiency and remarkable sense of humour.

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Kultura etniczna Polonii amerykańskiej i kulinarna nostalgia w twórczości amerykańskich autorów polskiego pochodzenia. Głos trzeciego pokolenia: proza Leslie Pietrzyk i Anthony’ego Bukoskiego

Author(s): Sonia Caputa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In American ethnic literature, food — apart from fulfilling a biological function — also hasa cultural role. Cookery, which includes all activities related to preparing a meal, serving or consuming it, but also simply treating food as nourishment, is an expression of cultural belonging and attachment to a particular ethnic group. A kind of culinary nostalgia is also observable in the prose of Leslie Pietrzyk and Anthony Bukoski, contemporary American writers with Polish roots. The foods shown in the debut novel by Pietrzyk and selected stories by Bukoski serve as indicators of ethnicity, specific emotional bridges, thanks to which the characters can be transported to the times of their childhood, thus being defined anew and achieving a sense of rootedness in a strange for them American land.

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Lęk i odraza w Nowej Hucie. Ryszard Kapuściński i amerykańskie Nowe Dziennikarstwo oraz dziennikarstwo gonzo (narracja krytycznoliteracka)

Author(s): Marek Kusiba / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In his article the author discusses similarities or even affinities between Ryszard Kapuściński’s journalism and writing with the American “new journalism,” as well as the “craziest” form in this literary movement — “gonzo” journalism. In the opinion of some western researchers the author of The Emperor was to some extent a “gonzo” journalist. Marek Kusiba considers this writer’s work in the broad context of Polish and western literature. He proves that Kapuściński created, regardless of the development of both of the abovementioned styles, his own variety of artistic journalism, combining the achievements of fiction and nonfiction. Thus, both in Poland and in the world, he was one of the precursors of reportage containing features and attractiveness typical of belles-lettres — without prejudice to facts. The author of the present sketch, referring to prominent practitioners and theoreticians of “new journalism,” emphasizes that Kapuściński was independent and isolated in his writing explorations, that by going beyond the framework of traditional journalism and reportage, he anticipated solutions that soon become the norm.

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Tożsamość w kontekście religii i magii w Pieśni lodu i ognia

Author(s): Karolina Glück / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article takes as its starting point the statements of two fantasy writers – Orson Scott Card and George R.R. Martin – concerning the significance of creating religious systems in fictional universes, as they complete the overall image of the depicted reality. Another context is provided by the investigations of a Polish scholar, Bogdan Trocha, which show that in the fantasy genre there occurs a degradation of the function of religion, resulting in the remythologisation deprived of cult. The first part of this paper presents the synthetic overview of religions through which Martin characterises the communities of his world and the analysis of functions of the chosen magical elements used in A Song of Ice and Fire. In the second part, identity dilemmas of Martin’s characters are taken into consideration. On the example of Theon Greyjoy’s lot, the spiritual aspect of searching for identity – determined by the elements of the quest described by Trocha – is examined.

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“Non si lascia leggere”: il male e gli abissi del tempo in Poe e Lovecraft

Author(s): F. Francesco Marroni / Language(s): Italian Publication Year: 0

The image of the metropolis as a netherworld of evil is most suggestively evoked in Edgar Allan Poe’s tale ‘The Man of the Crowd’, in which the protagonist‑narrator’spursuit of a suspicious and decrepit stranger is transformed into a journey represented as a descent into a timeless urban space ruled by depravity and nefariousness. Grafting his own discourse on this story as well as on The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, H.P. Lovecraftexplicitly reveals his imitation and emulation of Poe’s works. Particularly, in the short novel At the Mountains of Madness, Lovecraft confronts the power of blackness and the illegibility of evil with his story of an exploration that leads to the discovery of an underground city of the Antarctic, a blasphemous and monstrous city lying at the beginning of time – a mythical and archaic world of horror and barbarism which is a total negation of everything human.

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Empty, White Apocalypse: The Spatial and Linguistic End of the World in Edgar Allan Poe and Howard Phillips Lovecraft

Author(s): Luca Ambrogiani / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The image of the metropolis as a netherworld of evil is most suggestively evoked in Edgar Allan Poe’s tale ‘The Man of the Crowd’, in which the protagonist‑narrator’spursuit of a suspicious and decrepit stranger is transformed into a journey represented as a descent into a timeless urban space ruled by depravity and nefariousness. Grafting his own discourse on this story as well as on The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, H.P. Lovecraftexplicitly reveals his imitation and emulation of Poe’s works. Particularly, in the short novel At the Mountains of Madness, Lovecraft confronts the power of blackness and the illegibility of evil with his story of an exploration that leads to the discovery of an underground city of the Antarctic, a blasphemous and monstrous city lying at the beginning of time – a mythical and archaic world of horror and barbarism which is a total negation of everything human.

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Jean Ray au révélateur : « L’Edgar Poe belge » ou « Le Lovecraft flamand » ?

Author(s): Arnaud Huftier / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Called either as the Belgian Edgar Poe or as the Flemish Lovecraft, is Jean Ray really an epigone of his predecessor or his contemporary? The article intends here to explain the cyclical value of these labels, insisting in particular on the common point, which is the nationality of the author (Belgian), with the imaginary that is associated with it. In so doing, it will be possible to see how the positioning of the author is worked, by critics, on the one hand, but also by the writer himself, who plays with these criteria, to denude them. From there, the imaginary peculiar to Jean Ray can appear: a game not only with clichés, but also with what it represents. This is particularly true of the religious sphere, with a crisis in the absence of essence in contemporary society, even though the criteria associated with the Belgian imaginary never cease to refer to religiosity.

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La riscoperta di Stefan Grabiński. Traduzioni e ricezione dello scrittore in Italia

Author(s): Claudio Salmeri / Language(s): Italian Publication Year: 0

The scope of this article was to present the reception of Stefan Grabiński’s oeuvres in Italy, covering both translations and reviews of his works. In fact, few people know that the first language to which Grabiński was ever translated was Italian, in the late 1920s. Unfortunately, upon his death in 1936 he was almost completely forgotten but in recent years thanks to Mariagrazia Pelaia’s and Andrea Bonazzi’s works as translators and propagators of Grabiński, we can observe in Italy a resurgence of interest in the works of the Polish master of horror fiction.

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Literatura w cieniu choroby, czyli tuberkulinowe fantazmaty Grabińskiego

Author(s): Edyta Izabela Rudolf / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Literature formed in the shadow of a deadly disease or lifethreatening events is not uncommon. The work of Stephen Grabiński is not the only one, especially that the writer suffered from tuberculosis, a disease marked by cultural ostracism, and imposing its bearer certain social requirements. Grabiński lived in the days when people were taught the names of pain and created the new geography of the body traced by the site of the pain. The ill, subject to a medical consultation, much more precisely managed to build up a picture of the disease. We can ask ourselves how the disease affects the sense of coherence and freedom of the writer, and the readers’ knowledge of the author’s struggle with his own body and how itinspires the understanding of suffering and its potential. Can fantasy, based on the fear built on the narrative worlds of nightmares, symbolise the function in the real world of suffering and diseases leading to death?

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Widmowy materialism Stefana Grabińskiego

Author(s): Katarzyna Trzeciak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article concerns the question of modernity in selected Stefan Grabiński’s short stories. The experience of modern reality is based on the dissociation of stable forms and fundamental laws of reality. The modern order implicates changes among the forms of haunting. Taking the concept of Eric Santner’s “spectral materialism” the article shows how Grabiński’s heroes are dealing with the substance of reality which absorbs the traces of the past, perceive by the subjectivity as weird and unreal. Modern subjectivity presented in Grabiński’s stories is then penetrated by the past that cannot be fully present and understand.

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