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ПРИПИСВАНЕ НА СЕМАНТИЧНИ РОЛИ ПРИ ГЛАГОЛИТЕ ЗА КОНТАКТ ВЪВ ВАЛЕНТЕН РЕЧНИК НА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК

Author(s): Lyubomira Borisova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article discusses the problem of assigning appropriate semantic roles to contact verbs. The aim of the work is to test the hypothesis whether this class of verbs observes similar trends in the correlation of their arguments with certain semantic roles. The research resource is the Bulgarian Valency Dictionary at IICT-BAS, and the examples for analysis are extracted from the syntactic corpora BulTreeBank. The corpora approach is used as a method of analysis.

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Езикът на „Дунавските прабългари“ – лезгински паралели

Author(s): Hristo Saldzhiev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

According to the leading theory concerning the origin and language affiliation of the Danube Bulgars, they were bearers of the -r/-l Turkic language whose close relatives are modern Chuvash and different extinct Turkic languages such as Hazar, Avar, and Hunnic. In two previous publications, the author of this article commented on a large number of discrepancies at the lexical, phonetic and morphological levels between the available material from the language of the Danube Bulgars and Turkic languages. On the basis of an analysis of historical sources, formation of plurality, the phonetic peculiarities of many Protobulgarian words preserved in the sources, morphological and lexical elements in the texts of the List of Bulgarian rulers, the short Protobulgarian inscriptions from Preslav and Silistra, and especially on the basis of analysis of clan and personal names of Protobulgarians, it was concluded that their language belonged to an entirely different language family – the Lezgic group of the Nakh-Dagestanian language family. This paper regards all composite Protobulgarian titles and the other word combinations preserved in the epigraphy and other sources. Their models of formation have direct parallels to the reconstructions of the Proto-Lezgic models of word formation. The text also revises many attempts at a Turkic etymologization of unclear lexemes from the available material, and emphasizes on their phonetic and sematic similarities to words from the basic lexical strata of Lezgic languages.

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СИМВОЛІЧНІ ЗНАЧЕННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ОБРЯДУ НАРОДЖЕННЯ ДИТИНИ

Author(s): Olga Yakovlieva,Yulia Maslova,Viktoriia Ulianova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2024

The article analyses the symbolic meanings of lexemes denoting animate and inanimate objects and describing specific actions in the context of the Ukrainian childbirth rites, which once again testifies to the identical features in the linguistic picture of the world of different ethnic groups, primarily Slavs. The commonality of symbolic meanings among Slavic peoples is due to the history and development of consciousness. Ritual texts have their code - a system of syncretic symbols, traditionally called verbal, object, and action symbols. The meaning of such symbols has either changed over time or has been forgotten. Thus, given the process of globalization and the fact that the original ritual syncretism in the spiritual culture of each nation is lost over time, a thorough analysis of the symbolic meanings in the context of the most secret rite of childbirth among the Ukrainians is relevant and timely. The object of our attention is the symbolic meanings of objects, actions, plants, etc., expressed by language in the context of peoples' rituals. The subject is the peculiarities of symbolic meanings, including the transformation of such meanings in certain Ukrainian lexemes of ritual texts and songs. The universal symbolic meanings of most peoples of the world are the meanings of lexemes naming the elements of fire and water. In the childbirth ritual, the mother and child need protection, and a third person, the midwife, needs purification. The protective power of fire was represented by various red objects: thread, rope, ribbon, etc. As a result of the metonymic transfer, metal objects that passed through the fire acquired a symbolic meaning in the context of the rite: a knife, a needle, an awl, scissors, etc. The blacksmith's actions also took on a symbolic meaning. The fire was kept in a furnace, so the furnace itself became a multiple symbol. The addition of grain, bread, flowers, etc transforms the symbolic meaning of water. Various plants, fabrics, and clothes as object symbols are also widely used in the birth ritual. The name of the bird - the stork - has a symbolic meaning.

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ЛИЧНИТЕ НАПАДКИ КАТО ЕЛЕМЕНТ ОТ НЕУЧТИВОТО И АГРЕСИВНО ПОВЕДЕНИЕ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАТА РЕЧ

Author(s): Elena Krejčová,Nadezhda Stalyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Impoliteness refers to a characteristic form of language use in communication that contradicts acceptable patterns or deviates from expected communication. Impoliteness is perceived mainly in the context of social rules of communication and valid conventions, and impoliteness arises from the violation of given constructed conventions. It is part of manipulative communication and is the opposite of cooperative communication. The problem of linguistic impoliteness can be addressed using several methods – quantitative analysis, conversational analysis and pragmalinguistic analysis. In the present study, we examine the manifestations of linguistic impoliteness in the context of political communication. In the text, we look at examples of the use of an ad hominem argument (argument against the person/personality) in Bulgarian political debates in Parliament. It is one of the most frequently used techniques in disputes between political opponents and, accordingly, one of the most frequently indicated when it comes to a manipulative suggestive effect on the audience or on the opponent.

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PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN CHILDREN WITH LANGUAGE DISORDERS

Author(s): Victoria Enefiok Etim,Emmanuel Orok Duke,Emmanuel Akaninyene Okon / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The study investigates the phonological processes of language-impaired children between the ages of 5 and 15. They were drawn from different special schools within Akwa Ibom State. They were purposively selected to examine the severity of the disorder for possible therapy and remediation. The study focused on the phonological processes of fricative stopping and velar fronting. Data were collected using a phonological diagnostic screening scale (PDSS) and a picture Naming task (PNT) for participants to identify and read. The theory of the Generative phonology approach was employed. Duration, voice onset time (VOT), intensity, and formant were analyzed using Praat software. For velar fronting, it was established that 60% of the female children under study realised /t/ for /g/ while 40% realised /k/ for /g/; that is, there was no female respondent who appropriately articulated /g/ as /g/ in /gɜ:l/ and /geit/. In contrast, 40% of the male respondents realised /t/ and /k/ as a substitute for /g/ while only 20% of male children under study correctly realised /g/ as /g/ in /gɜ:l/ and /geit/. It implied that the children with language disorders under investigation have problems articulating /g/ as /g/ at the word-initial boundary. From the result, the study confirms the findings in the studies that stops were used primarily as substitutions for word-initial fricatives and affricates. The study recommends that other areas of linguistic analysis in children with language disorders be investigated for early remediation.

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Absurdita v Kafkově románu Proces a její reflexe ve dvou dílech rusky psané literatury (Daniil Charms a Vladimir Jermolajev)

Author(s): Jana Kitzlerová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 69/2024

The paper reflects on the absurd humour contained in Kafka’s novel The Trial in two selected works of Russian literature. Using the example of two texts representing different genres (a short story and a poem) by Daniil Kharms and Vladimir Yermolayev, it shows how these two authors were inspired by this aspect of Kafka’s work: in the case of Vladimir Yermolayev, the source of inspiration is completely unquestionable and is already referred to by the direct allusion in the title. The entire poem is then constructed as a lawsuit that originates, unfolds and concludes within the lyrical subject, which is the metaphorical Kafka himself. For Daniil Charms, the source of inspiration is unacknowledged, though obvious: Charms was inspired by one particular passage of Kafka’s novel, which he altered in accordance with his poetics.

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The Issue of Repetitiveness in Kafka

Author(s): Richard Müller / Language(s): English Issue: 69/2024

The paper inquires into the phenomenon of repetition in the works of Franz Kafka and in what ways it might characterize his way of writing (and his understanding of writing). I begin by making a distinction between three different planes of repetition, or repetitiveness: (1) as a ‘method’ of production; (2) as a symptom of the characters’ situations; and (3) as a representation technique. First, there are different versions of the same text, equivalent in terms of finality, but perhaps also a certain existential rhythm (as exemplified by Kafka’s famous ‘schedules’). I suggest that a comparative reading of Heinrich von Kleist’s Michael Kohlhaas (1810) could provide an insight into this feature of ‘productivity’. Second, repetitive characters’ situations create certain patterns and beg the question of their complex reader effects. Finally, and in addition to ‘classical’ discursive repetitions, there are minor textual recurrences (as in his ‘breakthrough’ story, “The Judgment”) and the question whether these can be related to an analogy in technical reproduction. Are they part of an experimental narrative method? Is there a ‘sense’ to repetition in Kafka and can these provisional distinctions help us understand it? How should their entanglement be described?

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From Jātaka to Vernacular Fiction: Adaptation of the Buddhist Plot of the Two Brothers (Journey beyond the Sea) in Classical Korean Literature

Author(s): Elena Kondratyeva,Anastasia Artemova / Language(s): English Issue: 69/2024

The present paper focuses on the strategies for adapting the specific Buddhist plot (the story of the two brothers travelling beyond the sea in search of a magical pearl) that has been recounted over the course of centuries in classical Korean literature. The objective of the article is to examine the adaptation of this plot through a comparative analysis of similar narratives, highlighting the distinctive features and changes determined by the various genres and philosophical ideas under the influence of which these texts were written, the purposes of creating these narratives, the target audience, etc. The comparison is based on three texts: Ten Stages of Tathagata Shakya’s Practices (1328), Wǒrin Sǒkpo (1459) and the vernacular fiction Story of Chyǒk Syǒngŭi (19th century). Furthermore, the article lists all relevant previous Buddhist manuscripts containing the plot of interest, provides a brief outline of Korean Buddhist literature tradition, and emphasizes literature as a universal medium connecting Confucian and Buddhist cultures.

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Básník ve věži ze slonoviny: Několik poznámek k nervalovským rezonancím v básnickém díle Karla Zlína a k překladům Nervalových Chimér do češtiny

Author(s): Veronika Košnarová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 69/2024

This study traces the various forms and manifestations of the creative relationship between the poet and artist Karel Zlín and the French writer Gérard de Nerval. Nerval’s literary works were never met with tremendous interest in the Czech environment, but — despite their extraordinary difficulty — they have attracted the attention of translators for nearly the entire 20th century up to the present day. The present study maps these translations with special attention to Czech versions of the cycle Les Chimères by a number of translators, including Karel Zlín, who also spent much time in his own literary and visual works reflecting on the poetic legacy and mythologization of Nerval.

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Robinzonády v ľudovom čítaní na Slovensku v 19. storočí

Author(s): Martina Kubealaková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 44/2024

The aim of this study is to present the basic context of literary research on popular literature in Slovakia, following studies by Věra Brožová (2008) and Jiří Hrabal (2022), looking specifically at the forms of 19th-century Robinsonades, including Czech Robinsonades reprinted in Slovakia from the late 18th century through the 19th century. With the exception of a single edition of Pavel Šulc’s adaptation, we know of no adaptations of Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe in the Czech context to have been published in Slovak editions; this is surprising considering the popularity of the theme and rich history of Czech adaptations, and we believe that further investigation is required. This study therefore distinguishes between the ‘Robinsonade’ and ‘folk Robinsonade’, with respect to the different motivations for adapting Defoe’s work in the context of Slovakian popular literature: that is, between the Robinsonade as a line started by the Czech translation of J. Campe’s German adaptation Robinson der Jüngere (and subsequent adaptations by V. Kramerius’s and others; the ‘Czech Story’ follows, for example, the aforementioned study by Hrabal), and various other works that draw instead on the success of Defoe’s novel to create adventure stories based on the Robinson theme. The heroes of these stories — Berthold, Ildegert, Spelhofen, and Engelbrecht — are known from both Czech and Slovak editions. The results of this comparison, together with an examination of the factors that may have caused these changes at all investigated levels, are formulated as manifestations of specific forms of inter-literary reception, namely ‘retellings’ with omission and expansion (Robinson der Jüngere), and — as examples of the ‘folk Robinsonade’ — adaptation (Berthold), plagiarism (Ildegert), interliterary allusion (Spelhofen), and allusion (Engelbrecht). Changes in form are found to be directly proportional to the degree of application of the poetics of popular literature.

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Mudrák, rozkolník a selský prorok.

Author(s): Michal Charypar / Language(s): Czech Issue: 44/2024

This study re-examines the existing scholarship on Josef Holeček’s seminal multi-volume novel Naši. In the first part, it considers various approaches to Naši over the course of more than a century of literary scholarship on Holeček’s work. In this context, it also seeks to clarify and correct interpretations of its protagonist, the peasant Kojan, thus revealing productive antinomies that effectively disrupt the predominately monumentalizing conceptions that have characterized this scholarship to date. Finally, it considers Holeček’s Naši within the scope of various literary -isms and traditions, drawing from the new pluralistic model of poetics for the Czech prose on which this study is based.

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Jak číst Vančuru? K proměnám obrazu autora ve světle (i stínech) jeho recepce (1923–1945)

Author(s): Petr Málek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 44/2024

This study aims to better understand the authorial figure of Vladislav Vančura by reconstructing the critical and literary-historical image conveyed to us by the reception of the writer during his lifetime, starting with the writer’s first short story collections and finishing with his Obrazy z dějin národa českého (‘Images from the history of the Czech nation’). Loosely following on the theoretical bases of previous discussions, which in various ways conceptualize the effect of the ‘name of the author’ in relation to his work (Foucault, Bourdieu, Russian formalism, Mukařovský), this study examines Vančura’s literary output through the lens of its author (as a constructed figure and category), especially in terms of the author function as it serves to form this output into a unified whole. It deals with changes in the name of the author mainly in relation to Vančura’s reception. During the interwar period the critical reception captured the creative phenomenon of the writer in the course of his development, at a moment when his extreme style and language caused numerous controversies which grew into open polemics. While these revolved primarily around the issue of aesthetics (in the case of Pole orná a válečná and Poslední soud), they involved broader worldview and ideological issues (as with the novel Tři řeky). Vančura’s persistent search for a narrative form repeatedly compelled critics and interpreters of his time to reassess the criteria and critical standards for literature. This study traces the transformations of the author’s image in this context all through his life as it assumed countless ‘faces’, subverting the traditional assumption of coherence in Vančura’s literary output that the concept of the author was meant to guarantee, and thus demonstrating — given the failure of this concept to bring about such coherence — how it is necessary to look instead for those places of incoherence, contradiction, and disparity. To this end, the study does not seek to cover the history of Vančura’s reception in all its facets but to trace those significant moments when the image of the author and his work was transformed, challenging unequivocal interpretations and defying the interpretative stereotypes and schemes into which it has so often been confined.

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Borges, James a Proust mezi Krabicemi Brillo. K místě literatury ve filozofii umění Arthura C. Danta

Author(s): Šárka Lojdová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 44/2024

This paper focuses on Arthur Danto’s approach to literature. One of the leading philosophers of art in the analytical philosophical tradition, Danto published on art ontology, defining art and art historicity as well as serving as an art critic for the magazine The Nation in the late phase of his career. The essence of Danto’s philosophy thus lies in the visual arts, and it seems he was not interested in literature from a philosophical point of view. However, following Garry L. Hagberg, I show that Danto was not only a keen reader but also reflected on literature, its specificity, and its role. In the first part of the paper, I scrutinize what — in Danto’s view — is a literary work of art, and I compare his position to the view of New Criticism. In the second part, I explore the often neglected dimension of Danto’s philosophy of art, i.e., the spectator’s emotional response to an artwork. I argue that Danto draws on works of literature to illustrate the nature of this response for the reason that they provide the basis for a deeper understanding in this context.

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Ke genezi textu Medorka

Author(s): Martin Machovec / Language(s): Czech Issue: 44/2024

The text discusses the textual genesis of Petr Placák's prose work "Medorek", particularly its various samizdat editions from 1985 to 1989 and subsequent printed editions. It highlights the textological analysis possible due to the availability of multiple text versions, including preparatory text collections from 1982-1985. The document mentions the critical reflections and literary studies on "Medorek," focusing on its genre classification and narrative structure. The text also details the differences between the samizdat and printed editions, noting the author's revisions and textual changes over time. The concordance lists provided aim to facilitate a detailed textological comparison of the various versions.

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Příspěvek k interpretaci Poučného evangelia Konstantina Preslavského. Interdisciplinární spolupráce jako klíč k řešení některých textologických problémů

Author(s): Tomáš Mikulka / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2024

The aim of the study is to show to what extent interdisciplinary collaboration can help to solve complex textological questions. An example of such approach is illustrated in a problematic passage from the Didactic Gospel (Učiteľnoe evangelie), a set of 51 commentaries on the Sunday Gospel readings compiled by Constantine of Preslav. The help of philosophy and theology seems to be indispensable to resolving the textological problem.

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Большой чешско-русский словарь опубликован полностью

Author(s): Iveta Krejčířová / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2024

The Great Czech-Russian Dictionary is a digitized form of a great lexicographical work created within the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences from the 1970s up to the early 1990s. It contains a huge amount of unique vocabulary reflecting also the political and social situation at the time of its origin. Due to its considerable extension, it was not possible to revise and to update it. Containing almost 129,000 entries it is one of the largest bilingual dictionaries in the Czech lexicographical history. Technical possibilities of the electronic form (automatic links, filtering by defined parameters etc.) can be used for extracting narrowly defined groups of vocabulary (i.e. terminology) or grammatical categories (i.e. grammatical gender of nouns etc.). It was published gradually and now it is completly available, also in a mobile version.

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Правда факта или правда искусства? О некоторых речевых средствах современного российского кинематографа

Author(s): Natalie Rajnochová / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2024

The article analyzes Russian etiquette expressions (greetings, invitations, consents, apologies, thanks, etc.) used in Russian television series of recent decades. For the first time the factual material of three films is considered in detail: “Liquidation” (2007), “Alexander Garden” (2005) and “Black Wolves” (2017). It is shown that screenwriters and directors allow the use of modern (latest) lexical units in films showing the history of the Soviet Union in the 1920s–1950s. These are expressions like Проехали! and idioms like Интересное кино! Such an anachronism is explained, in particular, by the genre properties of films: they combine the features of action films, detective stories and melodramas. Although these facts are a violation of historical reality, they can be justified by the desire to bring the situations of recent history closer to the modern viewer.

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Koncepce cvičebnic výslovnosti češtiny pro cizince z projektu ProCzeFor (Pronunciation of Czech for Foreigners)

Author(s): Jitka Veroňková,Zdena Palková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

Two printed exercise books for practicing Czech pronunciation for foreigners containspeech material reflecting the sound characteristics of Czech and the most difficultsound phenomena for non-native speakers. All the exercises are connected to the onlineapp with audio tracks and other functions.

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Škola hrou aneb Objevné putování po stopách významných osobností Moravskoslezského kraje

Author(s): Jiří BYČKOV / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The article describes in theoretical terms the aims, forms and Principles of the CLIL (abbreviation of Content and Language Integrated Learning) teaching method, which consists in integrated teaching of a foreign language together with the content of a non-language subject in language education. It explains how the method contributes to the development of communicative and intercultural competences in foreign students and helps to increase the rate of immersion in education. In the practical part, it presents an example of the application of an interactive educational lesson in teaching Czech language to foreign language students of Bohemia. The contribution includes an interactive blind map of the Moravian-Silesian Region and worksheets that can be modified by the interested students for their own pedagogical practice.

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Učíme (se) česky v Olomouci

Author(s): Jana Mášová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The conference "Komárkova jazykovědná Olomouc" held on November 10-11, 2022, at the Department of Bohemistics, FF UP, focused on teaching Czech to foreigners. The event featured presentations on integrating linguistic subjects into practical Czech courses, challenges in learning another Slavic language, and capturing motion events in non-native Czech speakers' narratives. Discussions also covered verb valency in non-native Czech, passive participles, and sentence structure perception. Testing methods for Czech as a foreign language and pronunciation teaching were also highlighted. The conference concluded with insights into supporting students with different mother tongues and the use of diagnostic tools for language acquisition.

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