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The English noun ‘Jew’ is the lexical equivalent of the Hebrew word yehudi (in plural yehudim), which is used in opposition to goyim as members of all other nations. These two nouns are rendered in various languages in a considerable number of different ways. The article focuses on their translational equivalents in Greek, Latin and in numerous selected Polish and English versions of the Bible. The confrontation of these equivalents yields what I elsewhere call “the Bible translation imbroglio”. Yet, this chaos has no adverse impact on faithful Jews and Christians for whom the Bible is a sacred text. This is so because for every faithful reader, every contact with the Bible in whatever version, at least in principle, constitutes a fresh unique religious experience, and the number of such unique experiences certainly exceeds the number of all existing versions of the Bible. Every individual experience of this kind is tantamount to creating a new target version of the Bible, even if the particular source text remains unaltered. Pious readers believe that the Bible is the way by means of which God sends His Word carrying His Message to people, and that this Word remains unchanged, even if words in different languages carrying this message may be different, unstable and inaccurate.
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This article focuses on one of the Bible’s key narratives of God’s efforts in the creation of man, tracing the reverberations of the canonical narrative in a folkloric context. The focus of the analysis is based on a Bulgarian folk legend recorded in Shtip in the nineteenth century, in which the central motif concerns the creation of woman from the devil’s tail. The analysis attempts to trace and derive the roots of the motif, referring to a strongly developed and persistently anchored in а folklore context dualistic model of the world. It is inherited from archaic dualistic notions, which, undergoing transformation processes of varying intensity, settled and existed in a Bogomilist environment. They have ermeated and anchored themselves in a folkloric environment ever since, producing various folk legends that move decidedly away from the canonical text, creating new explanations of the world where man lives.
More...Част I. Въпросите на Иов и отговорите на Ян Амос Коменски
The present study is an attempt to highlight the fields of discussion in the image of Job from the Old Testament that contain the hermeneutical energy of the numerous and divergent artistic interpretations that have followed. The first part of the study, which is presented hereby, focuses on the authentic biblical narrative and the complex set of implicit issues, which are the most common object of interpretation in the theological literature. The questions of God’s silence and the role of Satan as the source of Job’s suffering, the theodicy and anthropodicy, the humility and rebellion, etc., are all addressed. The study also examines Job’s role in two religious treatises by John Amos Comenius, The Mournful and Centrum securitatis, which provide an eloquent expression to the theological thought of the Czech scholar and theologian.
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Pediatricians that, in addition to treating children’s diseases, deal with early growth and development, have a special responsibility in the early detection and diagnosis of speech and language difficulties. Aim of this research was to examine pediatricians’ and pediatric specialists’ familiarity with speech-language development, developmental-behavioral pediatrics, opinions on acquired knowledge at the specialist study on early growth and development and to examine the importance of multidisciplinary approach and cooperation between pediatricians and speech therapists, educators and rehabilitators and psychologists.The sample was comprised of 14 specialists pediatricians and 1 pediatrics resident, who were employed in primary and secondary health care and private practice, from different cities of the Federation of B&H and Republika Srpska. Results of this research have shown that surveyed pediatricians are working with children with difficulties in speech-language development on a daily basis. Respondents have mostly correctly answered all questions related to speech-language development which indicates that they have solid knowledge in this area. Results have shown that most of the respondents is not satisfied with the knowledge obtained from specialist study on early growth and development and that they are not completely familiar with developmental-behavioral pediatrics, but all of the pediatricians have agreed that this field of sub-specialty should be included as a part of our higher education program. When it comes to a multidisciplinary approach and cooperation with speech therapists, educators-rehabilitators and psychologists, respondents support and practice a multidisciplinary approach in the detection and diagnosis of speech and language difficulties.
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The idea of the article is to present the problem of violence against women in contemporaryHispanic media. The study describes the concept and the way it is approached in journalism. It proves that journalists choose personal research and investigation in order to show the pain, suffering and death of women in different social contexts. Their work is often the only way to give testimony about the silenced problems.
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The article contains an analysis and interpretation of the significance of the mountains in artistic battles with decadent moods. The man that should be regarded as a precursor of such moods is Juliusz Słowacki. He is the author of the well-known poem W Szwajcarii (In Switzerland, 1839), from which comes the passage included in the title of the article: “Za czarnych skał krawędzie” (Behind the edges of black rocks), where the lyrical protagonist is heading — seeking self-annihilation — trying to find some relief in his suffering. This is the context in which Słowacki’s passage was interpreted by Mieczysław Karłowicz — a representative of the Young Poland generation in music, one of the best known Polish composers, a photographer and mountaineer, who died in the Tatras in an avalanche in 1909. In addition to Słowacki’s piece, the authors of the article analyse also other songs by Karłowicz (which are not highly valued by musicologists), composed to words by well-known nineteenth-century Polish poets, mainly Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, a leading Polish exponent of decadentism in poetry. Karłowicz represented a neo-romantic version of modernism in music, which is why his oeuvre contains romantic analogies (emotionalism, mysticism, individualism, expression of the form), and his undoubtedly introverted and individualistic personality isolated him from generational associations already during his studies in Berlin. Nevertheless, he did identify with the Young Poland generation through a desire to achieve depression and deprivation defeating nirvana, to overcome death through the belief in the liberating power of nature. The mood of these works is marked by recurring (typically decadent) pessimism — a dominant feature of Karłowicz’s music. The authors conclude by observing that in the views of Polish modernists the mountains were a symbol of eternity and power of nature, a symbol juxtaposed with the fragility of human existence, an oasis of silence, peace and solitude, and thus human freedom. The appropriation of the mountains was tantamount to believing that pessimistic moods made it possible to achieve considerable psychological maturity.
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The article is an attempt to explore and describe the audio motifs in mountain poems by Julian Przyboś. The author, using the methodological achievements of the anthropology of sound, attempts to analyze and interpret poems devoted to the mountains. The article presents a number of concepts developed by the sound studies’ methodology, such as audiosphere, phonosphere, sonosphere, soundscape, or galenosphere. The text clearly demonstrates the existence of Przyboś’s ideas about the world of sounds which the poet contained both in his poems and his program texts. Particularly noteworthy is the poet’s conceptualization of silence and silence in the mountain space.
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The polar expedition commanded by Sir John Franklin, which disappeared in the Arctic archipelago between 1845 and 1847, is still one of the most mysterious disasters in the history of the Royal Navy and the British Empire. Scientists are still not sure what happened to the 129 sailors. The events have become a basis for a horror story Terror written by Dan Simmons and adapted as a TV series by Ridley Scott. Both of them are interesting cases of genre mixtures. But the clue of the article is to analyze the tools both the book and the TV series use to induce fear among the audience. Firstly, the author focused on historical background which allows introducing a storytelling strategy known as faction. Secondly, the article indicates stylistic means of communication that were used to evoke the atmosphere of horror, sometimes different in the case of literature and audio-visual arts.
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The article discusses the film adaptation of Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, which is a reference to Jane Austen’s novel, and the problem of zombie characters as a factor modifying the reality of its original version. The analysis was carried out with reference to the plot design of the film, the way of creating heroes and the costumes within the framework of a costume movie in which the story was embedded. The aim of the article is to identify the causes and consequences of introducing undead characters to the world created by Jane Austen. The reasons for this treatment were the popularity of the zombie motif in popular culture, the tendencies to experiment with the reinterpretation of works considered classic and repeatedly processed earlier into the language of cinema, as well as an attempt to adapt them to the requirements of a contemporary recipient seeking strong impressions. In addition, the world of zombies is a manifestation of the popular aspirations to achieve an economic profit. Consequences of completing the world with the undead epidemic theme include changes in the current social order, brutalization and sexualization of relations between characters, as well as a return to the traditional film narration about women, presented primarily as aesthetic objects and a source of interest for male characters.
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The article reveals the meaning of the concept “philosophy of Lina Kostenko’s language,” characterizes the features of individual style as a way of poet’s creative thinking. Lexical-semantic and textual analysis of the defining token “word” is carried out, its semantically attractive connections with the tokens “soul” and “thought” are revealed. Expressive means of transmitting a person’s preverbal emotional state have been recorded. The semantics of the concept of “time,” available in different linguistic and structural units of the text, is traced. Cognitive-linguistic, structural and linguistic analysis of Lina Kostenko’s aphorisms is a testimony to her creative innovation in the formation of aesthetic treasures of the Ukrainian literary word from the second half of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century — a cultural code of the nation, which organically combines historical sources of language, connections with the Ukrainian classic poetic texts and reflection of modern life of the Ukrainian language.
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This paper is devoted to the analysis of selected poems by Ukrainian poet Lina Kostenko in the context of the sphere of spirituality and numerous references to biblical themes. The conducted analysis allows us to conclude that the world of religion and human spirituality allowed the poet to show a clear contrast between humanistic values and the dehumanized and oppressive reality of the communist system. The writer, who remains a symbol of the Ukrainian generation of the 1960s, reminded us that more important than conformist submission to the apparatus of power is maintaining her own dignity and fidelity to the values she professes, even when it is necessary to pay a high price, which the ban on publishing her works must have been for her.
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This article analyzes structures within which interpreters are deployed in the healthcare sector in the Netherlands and the Czech Republic. It pays particular attention to the status, conditions, and guidelines that guarantee the provision of interpreting services. The first part also explains some important concepts that are closely related to healthcare interpreting, including language brokering and natural interpreting.Despite the fact that funding for interpreting services was stopped by the government (2012), it is a developed field in the Netherlands. As a reaction to the abolition, there was a wave of protests; many parties believe that this has compromised one of the human rights (the right to access to care). In the Czech Republic, a new law was introduced (2011), the Health Services and Conditions of Provision Act, which guarantees patients the right to communication that is understandable to the patient. Since then, certain facilities were introduced that should make communication with non-native speaking patients effective. Nevertheless, more experience and knowledge should be brought in to be able to speak of a good organizational structure and quality.
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The satirical television series Jiskefet ran from 1990 to 2005 at the VPRO channel. While the popular satirical television series Kooten & De Bie focused more on political parody, Jiskefet was more absurdist and mainly made parodies of certain subcultures. In this article, I want to look at how these timeless parodies can be used as course materials. Not only is Jiskefet itself part of Dutch culture, but the parodies also magnify typical Dutch cultural elements. Examples include student associations, the culture of voluntary work, nursing homes that often appear in the news, and the office culture with the inevitable lunch box and office humor. Furthermore, the parodies constitute interesting linguistic material in the form of neologisms, which have enriched the Dutch language and will also be discussed here. Finally, the fact that stereotypes and prejudices are used in parodies offers the possibility of discussing the subject with students.
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The study deals with a translation made by Amfilohie Hotiniul from Italian around 1790. Our objective is to identify and explain the linguistic traits of the text on the phonetic and morphosyntactic levels. Our analysis reveals phonetic and morphological features specific of the Moldovan dialect at the end of the 18th century, but it also brings into attention some interesting linguistic aspects which can be explained by the Italian influence on the translator, such as the high frequency of structures presenting the analytical marking of the genitive, the definiteness of the noun marked by la, the use of că with a relative pronoun value, passive patterns with the auxiliary vine or the impressive amount of the structures veni+infinitive, also calquing the corresponding Italian constructions.
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The learning process involves four psychological components : a cognitive component (meaning intellectual reflection, logical comprehension, using memory); a meta-cognitive component (the learner's abilities to self-regulate, self-evaluate, organize oneself, use appropriate learning strategies, identify the resources to use to achieve the goals) ; an affective component (including emotions and feelings, which will help or, on the contrary, hinder during the learning) and a conative component (understanding what motivates the learner and what allows this one to persevere). The feelings composing the affective component reflect the learner’s internal and external (social) environment and influence the success of the process. If the teacher knows them, the teaching strategies may be adapted to the learners’ needs.
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