"Continuities and discontinuities. Educational program of The Planned Parenthood Association in Krakow (1957 – 1993)"

Author(s): Barbara Klich-Kluczewska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The article presents the program of sexual education prepared and offered by Krakow Branch of the Planned Parenthood Association in the wider context of socio-political situation in Krakow (1956 – 1989). Since the beginning of the Association’s existence, the special attention was paid to the development of educational program, which concerned the different aspects of „family life“. The article is going to answer the questions about its goals, the educational tools used to achieve them and its social targets. To accurately determine the position of the Association in the city‘s community I will analyse its foundation and activities in wider context of the pre-war traditions of the organisation and the activities regarding premarital counselling undertaken by the Krakow Catholic Church.

"Izgubljena revolucija: AFŽ između mita i zaborava", Chiara Bonfiglioli... [et al.]

Prikaz

Author(s): Amela Hadžajlić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2018

Review of: "Izgubljena revolucija: AFŽ između mita i zaborava", Chiara Bonfiglioli... [et al.], Sarajevo: Udruženje za kulturu i umjetnost: CRVENA, 2016, 199 str.

"Skretnice" Jasmine Musabegović – retorika hetero-povijesti u Povijesti:

politika/etika preživljavanja i (ne)moguće kodiranje doma

Author(s): Mirela Berbić-Imširović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5/2015

This paper analyzes the novel Jasmina Musabegović wrote in 1986. The path of identification through coding female gender means going back home, but only after it has been decontaminated ideologically. Bearing in mind that every topos represents a point in cultural discourse and that rails represent borders and perspectives of gender and cultural prefiguration, what we are interested in is whether Fatima is active in chaotic historical time-space, situated within those transitional topoi (period between the two wars and during WWII); are switches a skeptically colored, failed trope which cannot be transcoded onto female gender, since she lives a life of statics and not a life of changeability, or Fatima’s reversibility towards home tells us about the need for acknowledging the stigmatically and conventionally secondary topologies in authenticating oneself? Is the narrator, disregarding the fragile, but present poly-glossia, imprisoned in her own andro-text, corresponding with the following: what is the position of a woman in collective identification and strong positioning, can a woman be a formalized subject in history, and/or she follows a different path of identity coding through family politics/poly-ethics, togetherness, caring? In other words, doesn’t Switches omit unexpectedly, but intentionally Fatima’s settling down in the historical space, enabling her to preserve her self, without its isolation, but through protecting it in the difference of the marginal, leaving room for the empty (De Certau)?

"Smo mel cel popoldan fraj - da ti to kot delavcu vzamejo ..."

spomin na prosti čas in delo žensk v obdobju socialistične Slovenije

Author(s): Polona Sitar / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2015

In her contribution the author focuses on understanding the interconnection of work and leisure time in the period of the socialist Slovenia/Yugoslavia (1945-1991). She is interested in the meaning that women ascribed to their leisure time (understood as a reward for the workers during socialism) in comparison with gainful employment. She also pays special attention to the issue of how women experienced their leisure time in comparison with unpaid housekeeping and through the perspective of the so-called »double burden« in socialism, and how they experience it today, in the context of the capitalist market economy. The contribution is based on the fieldwork analysis, focused on the interviews with retired women, revealing their everyday life on the micro level. The goal of the »oral history« approach, used in the contribution, is not to reconstruct the socialist past and record it chronologically, but to present the perspective based on the women’s experience and their everyday practices, contributing an additional perspective to the existing official political and economic history descriptions.

"Tripe Soup for All Women!"

Transgression of Gender Boundaries as Part of Female Identity in Communist and Contemporary Bulgaria

Author(s): Albena Shkodrova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

There is growing interest into how cultural frameworks produce stereotypes of “masculine” and “feminine” foods. The patterns and dynamics of this process have been discussed mainly from a socio-cultural perspective, but the research thus far has failed to create a conceptual framework to explain both the persistence in the association of some foods with a specific gender and shifts in others. Based on a case study of attitudes in communist and post-communist Bulgaria towards tripe soup – a dish with great potential to be perceived as manly – this article suggests that it is useful to consider food gendering as composed of several levels of codification. One of them is the perception about what constitutes masculinity and femininity in general, and this transpires to be the most conservative and consistent across periods and cultural frameworks. The second level of codification is the attribution to foods of certain traits, which are then associated with the content of masculinity and/or femininity. The associations made on this level are sometimes able to shift, depending on the cultural framework, but they can also form stable compounds, such as the association between meat and masculinity. The third level of codification is the inclination of the sexes to transgress the borders set by the first two levels in the process of building their gender identity. As gender is not something that one is, but something that one does, individuals assume their gender roles depending upon circumstances, and it is possible that this level of “codification” is a level of constant enactments, the most volatile of the three. This article investigates how tripe soup was constructed as “masculine” and how these discourses have been challenged. It argues that the process reflects shifts in the acceptability of women’s association with “masculinity”, rather than changes in the perceptions of what constitutes “the feminine” or “the masculine”.

"Žena od Batha i njena priča"

Author(s): Mary S. Bache / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 28/2018

"Žena od Batha" predstavlja osobe podređene autoritetu, autoritetu religijskih tekstova i njihovih mizoginističkih kodova. Iako "Žena od Batha" ostvaruje materijalnu dobit, moglo bi se ustvrditi da ne zadobija autoritet sve dok ne dobije priliku javno se izraziti tokom hodočašća, ne riskirajući odmazdu. Kad zauzme pozornicu, drugi hodočasnici postaju njena publika, uzimajući u obzir njen glas, ono šta ona priča, ali kako komentira njhove priče. "Priča Žene od Batha", kao i većina ostalih, sastoji se iz dva dijela, proslova i same priče. Takva struktura odražava Chaucerovu ideju simetrije kakvu je već pokazao u Troilu i Kresidi. U Proslovu "Žena od Batha" samu sebe portretira kao žrtvu patrijarhalnog svijeta, a kako se pokušava nametnuti prozivaju je ‘pokvarenom ženom’. Međutim, u "Priči" ona predstavlja situaciju u kojoj autoritet preuzima žena, a glas razuma zamijeni arogantnu nametljivost. Pomoću takvoga kontrasta, možemo shvatiti vrijednosti i kodove vladajućeg ponašanja u datom društvu. [...]

"Југословенска жена" – форум модерне списатељице

Author(s): Žarka Svirčev / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/2015

The affirmation and promotion of female authorship is one of the basic aspects of emancipatory discourse in the magazine Jugoslavenska žena/Yugoslav woman (1917-1920). The emphasis on the importance and necessity of female self expression and self representation is one of the commonplaces in the program texts. The paradigm of female authorship was exhibited in essays and studies on women writers and in the original literary work. Women’s literature is not subordinated to enlightened and pragmatic objectives of the magazine, but reflects the sensitivity, aesthetic and creative abilities, expressive possibilities and thematic interests of its authors. Poetic pluralism (the realist, symbolist, romantic, expressionist tendencies) is an innovation that brings the magazine in relation to women’s periodicals, pointing out that the concept of modern woman writer includes the construction of personal and independent style and poetic characteristics. This model of woman writer represents another step in the development of female authorship in the context of feministic discursive space and network of communications.

"Рат је био највиша школа моја, а несумњиво и општа"

Први светски рат у делу Данице Марковић

Author(s): Dunja S. Dušanić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

The position of Serbian women writers regarding the First World War is a specific issue and one that has largely been left unexamined. There are several reasons for this; some of them are political, some are literary. First, the war had a distinctive character in Serbia – it was considered as the final stage in the process of Serbian national liberation, which culminated, or at the least, was intended to culminate, in the creation of a new, multinational state – making it extremely difficult to draw direct comparisons between Serbian women's engagement in the war and that of other nations'. Second, Serbian women writers' arrival on the literary scene in the pre-war years had a decisive influence on their writing, limiting them to genres, themes, and forms, traditionally linked to "feminine" values. It cannot be easily assessed to what extent the experience of War shaped their subsequent literary choices, and generalizations should, if possible, be avoided. However, by examining individual cases, we can maybe arrive at a better understanding of the multifaceted reality of World War I. This paper attempts to do so by examining the involvement of Serbia's most distinguished pre-war poetess, Danica Marković, in the 1917 uprising against the Bulgarian authorities, and the account of this experience in her poem "Twelve thousand" and her testimony "Impressions from the Toplica uprising".

"Сви смо ми људи једнаки, а што је неко мало црњи, а неко мало бељи, не мења ствар"

Сексуална педагогија у Србији на крају 19. и почетку 20. века

Author(s): Ana Kolarić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2012

This essay explores (various cultural and pedagogical discourses of sexuality and sexual conduct. Those discourses were important for the processes of formation of the national state and its “proper” citizens. The analysis tried to prove that many concepts, ideas and knowledge(s) “travelled” from the Western countries to Serbia, where they were appropriated without any changes. To do this, the author has analysed how category of “race” was utilized in the Serbian “conduct books” and women’s magazines. In conclusion, the author pointed out the significance of historical examination of identities, which should help us form more reflexive and critical attitudes towards cultural heritage and traditions.

(Без)опасните врагове на режима: неизвестните истории на три известни жени от земеделското движение

Author(s): Nurie Muratova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The paper follows the life trajectory of three women - Rayna Lapardova (1904-1980), Nevena Elmazova (1895-1981) and Tsvetana Tsacheva (1896-1974), who are not even mentioned in the history of the Bulgarian Agrarian Movement to which they devoted their lives nor yet in the stories about the resistance against the communist regime whose victims they became. The Bulgarian Agrarian Union was the biggest political party before the communist take over on 9th of September 1944. In the 1940s and 1950s the members of the Union were supressed and persecuted by the authorities. The author discovered the contradiction between the official archive documents about them and the documents of the repressive services of the totalitarian state. The two sources presented two different stories of the same person. The official archive memory about them contradicts to the true story of their difficult lives which could be reconstructed from their State Security dossiers. Two of them (Rayna Lapardova and Tsvetana Tsacheva) spent several years in the working camps, and the third one (Nevena Elmazova) was kept under observation and under pressure by the State Security for 10 years.

(Раз)говор о књижевности и феминизму

Ране критике Ребеке Вест (1911–1912)

Author(s): Ana Kolarić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2014

First critical writings by Rebecca West appeared in the magazine The Freewoman. A Weekly Feminist Review in the period 1911–1912. Her reviews were mainly focused on the contemporary literature. Criterion which Rebecca West used in order to evaluate literary works and distinguish “good” from “bad” literature was based on her strong feminist stance. First part of the article broadly discussed concepts of literary criticism and feminist literary criticism as well as the complex relationship between amateur and professional criticism at the beginning of the twentieth century. The second part examined Rebecca West’s early critical writings, in order to explore her position in the history of (feminist) literary criticism.

... 19. vijek

Author(s): Emina Zahirović-Pintarić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Dolaskom austrougarske uprave počinje modernizacija društva bez dubljeg zadiranja u društveni ili bilo koji drugi položaj žene, ali otvaraju se nove mogućnosti i horizonti kombiniranjem starih i novih običaja. Austrougarski period karakterizira ukrštanje tradicionalnog i modernog, stranog i domaćeg, a proturječnosti ovih ukrštanja su se odrazile i na same žene, u slučaju da su i same bile akterke brojnih događaja ili dio opće populacije.

13th International Congress of Thracology Ancient Thrace: Myth and Reality, Kazanlak, 2-7 September 2017

Author(s): Miroslav Izdimirski,Ruja Popova / Language(s): English Issue: 23-24/2017

145 години БАН – предизвикателства и перспективи

„История на БАН“, част първа (1869 – 1947). Под редакцията на Илия Тодев. София: Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“, 2015, ISBN 978-954-322-791-4

Author(s): Ilia Todev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

19. YÜZYIL RUS EDEBİYATINDA KADINLARIN DERGİCİLİK FAALİYETLERİ

Author(s): Güneş Sütcü / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 34/2021

It is observed that women were involved in the liberation process for the first time in the history of Russian literature during the reign of Yekaterina II (1762-1796). Depending on this situation, women produce original works in addition to their translations in the field of both prose and poetry. By the beginning of the 19th century, it is seen that women played an important role in cultural enlightenment. The development observed in women's literary works also affects journal publishing activities. In this context, journal publishing activities of women in 19th century Russian literature are examined chronologically. Considering the reflections of the socio-cultural events experienced on the literature of the period, it is understood that the first women's journal started to operate in the last quarter of the 18th century, women's journal publishing activities were in the formation and development process in the first half of the 19th century, and increased in the second half. In addition to this, the role played by the literature halls, which are under the monopoly of women, in the development of the literature of the period was pointed out. In this sense, it has been observed that names such as Z.A.Volkonskaya, A.P.Yelagina, Ye.P.Rostopçina and K.K.Pavlova. In the conclusion part of the study, it is tried to show the contributions and roles of women who have adopted the spirit of enlightenment to the development process of Russian literature in the 19th century with their journal publishing activities.

19. YÜZYILIN SONLARI 20. YÜZYILIN BAŞLARINDA (1880-1930) TÜRKİSTAN SÜRELİ YAYINLARI VE KADIN KONUSUNA YAKLAŞIMLARI

Author(s): Yasemin IŞIK,Kübra Koç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 74/2022

Turkistan Turks, who started to wake up with the “Cedidcilik (Principles-of Jadid/Jadidism)” movement that emerged in Western Turkestan, took advantage of the libertarian atmosphere that emerged after the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy in 1905 in Tsarist Russia and accelerated their publishing activities even more. The libertarian and egalitarian atmosphere promised by the Bolsheviks blowing in the region with the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution lasted only until 1922; This situation is also reflected in social and cultural life. While these were happening in West Turkestan, East Turkestan was exposed to the attacks of the Chinese on the one hand and the Bolshevik Russians on the other. Some of the Turkestan intellectuals, who could not stand all these pressures, preferred to emigrate and published various newspapers and magazines in the countries they migrated to tell the whole world about the Turkestan cause. Intellectuals who preferred to stay in Turkestan despite all the difficulties experienced did not stay idle and expressed their views through newspapers and magazines by transforming their reactions to the pressures into intellectual movements. In these periodicals, the subjects are usually political; discussions on different issues such as social life, women, women’s rights were also discussed.

1990 VE 2000 SENELERİ ARASINDA TV REKLAMLARINDA ERKEK KİMLİĞİNİN SUNUMU

Author(s): Hakan Yüksel / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 39/2018

The world, which has undergone a the cycle of rapid change since the 1990s, has begun to directly influence economic and social life with a process called globalization. In this global cycle, where large capital owners are involved, the media phenomenon is felt to be ineffective and the integration of technology and traditional media tools has become inevitable. As a matter of fact, switching to private broadcasting on television and radio has changed the content presented and formal formats with new communication technologies.

27. Dönem Milletvekili Seçiminde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği

Author(s): Nuray Karaoğlu,Ayşe Kaşıkırık / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The right of women to vote and be elected is the output of a difficult and long-term struggle. In Turkey, women won the right to vote and be elected in 5 December, 1934. The Swiss women were 36 years later, in 1971. In 2021, the rate of female deputies in the Turkish Grand National Assembly is 17.2% and in Switzerland it is 42%!Although the number of female MPs in the Turkish Grand National Asembly reached the highest rate (17.8%) in the June 2015 elections, it has been decreasing since 2015. It is seen that there is no positive situation regarding equal representation of women in decision-making mechanisms and the current situation is below the global average. In order to ensure equal participation of women and men in socio-economic life, it is critical that the government implements gender equality policies and that the selected women create pressure on this issue.In this study, the programs, statutes and election manifestos of 11 parties (AK Party, BTP, BBP, CHP, DP, HDP, IYI Party, MHP, SP, VP and HÜDA-PAR) that entered the 27th term parliamentary elections will be analyzed in a gender equality perspective. However, the data of the parties on women's representation during the election period and the election results will be evaluated comprehensively.

30-ųjų karta be moterų, arba Apie moters tapatybės vaizdinį Nikitos Chruščiovo laikotarpio spaudoje ir poezijoje

Author(s): Jurgita Žana Raškevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2018

This article analyzes the perception of women’s identity as it was created in the press in the period of Nikita Khrushchev’s rule (in the magazine Tarybinė moteris, “The Soviet Woman”) as well as in the poetry written by both men and women of the so-called 1930s generation. By taking a closer look at discourses across different levels, connections, conflicts, tensions, denials and contradictions were revealed, uncovering the complicated and tense relationship between the ideological, masculine and feminine paradigms that offer different identities. This serves to demonstrate how men and women have tried to accommodate their traditionally inherited, personal relationships with ideological perceptions. After describing the engineering of a woman’s image in the magazine and analyzing the images in male and female poetry, it became clear that this version of Soviet feminism was more regularly and consistently realized by men in their work, who had described the process of creating the Soviet world (the emergence of collective farms and the role of women in this process, ideological connection between the woman and the new order etc.). It was revealed that women were much more likely to be portrayed as negative characters in respect to the system than men, their worldview being based on values inherited from the interwar Lithuania, determining their obscurantism and secretive life. The emancipation of women in men’s discourse is almost without exception based on directly transposed Soviet postulates. A more personal perspective and relationship with a woman emerges as a traditionally inherited patriarchal paradigm of the woman-as-a-mother identity, which is disassociated from the Mother Heroine image by a personal and intimate articulation of the relationship. The images of the emancipation of Soviet women that appear in male poetry are taken up as postulates of the new system, but these images are never incorporated in the articulation of their worldview, always remaining as part of the new society’s architectonics. In the work of J. Degutytė, the only more prominent female poet of the period in question, two directions in the conception of women’s identity are observed: the official one, which shows the adopted image of hyperreality as being at the core of the new woman’s identity, an assumed woman’ self-image as being responsible for social sensitivity, and the stance of the party-appreciating mother. When the self-image of a woman is not thematized but rather manifests itself as the self-awareness of the speaking female subject, the female “I” appears as the acting subject that transforms the female attributes (emotionality, sensitivity etc.), traditionally perceived as restrictive, into opening up opportunities for action and possessing an existential perspective. The most intense exposure of the female subject to the world is portrayed as an act of creativity, whereas the creative aspirations of women in the poetry of men of the same time are associated exclusively with childbirth.

A Baltic German Women’s Movement. The German Women’s League in Riga Preserving “Germandom” in Democratic Latvia, 1919-1934

Author(s): Christina Douglas / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

Die Forschungsliteratur über die deutschbaltischen Frauen schließt für gewöhnlich die Möglichkeit einer als politische Bewegung verstandenen deutschbaltischen Frauenbewegung aus. Der vorliegende Artikel spricht sich für eine weiter gefasste Definition von „Frauenbewegung“ aus und plädiert dafür, den Deutschen Frauenbund zu Riga als einen Teil von ihr zu verstehen. Zu diesem Zweck werden Quellen aus dem Umfeld des Frauenbundes untersucht, in erster Linie Jahresberichte sowie Abhandlungen zur Vereinsgeschichte. Der Frauenbund wurde als direkte Antwort auf die Revolution von 1905 noch in demselben Jahr gegründet. Als Folge der revolutionären Ereignisse wurden Frauen stärker öffentlich aktiv. Der Frauenbund strebte nach einer Bewahrung und Festigung des deutschbaltischen “Volkstums” durch soziale und kulturelle Arbeit. Er verfügte, so könnte man sagen, über eine Doppelnatur. Seine Mitglieder beteiligten sich am „nationalen Aktivismus“, d.h. an der Bewahrung des Deutschtums, aber auch an emanzipatorischen Aktivitäten, d.h. an der Förderung der Frauenrechte in Bildung und Beruf wie auch bis zu einem gewissen Grad an der Überwindung von Klassen- und ethnischen Barrieren. Der Bund war keine politische Organisation, aber in einem bestimmten Fall betätigte er sich ausdrücklich politisch: 1917 bat der Bund, zusammen mit anderen Organisationen, die deutsche Kaiserin in einer Petition um die Eingliederung der drei baltischen Provinzen in den deutschen Staat. Zwar hat der Frauenbund die Gründung eines unabhängigen und demokratischen Lettlands nicht gerade unterstützt, doch als dieser Staat dann existierte, bereitete es den Mitgliedern des Frauenbundes kein wirkliches Problem, mit anderen nationalen Organisationen, z.B. mit denen der lettischen Frauen, zusammenzuarbeiten. Die meisten Aktivitäten des Frauenbundes richteten sich an Deutschbalten. Aber es gibt auch Beispiele für die Zusammenarbeit mit lettischen Organisationen in der Zwischenkriegszeit. Der Frauenbund bemühte sich auch darum, Klassen- und soziale Barrieren innerhalb der deutschbaltischen Gemeinschaft zu überbrücken, und trug so zu einer gewissen inneren Demokratisierung bei. Er bezeichnete sich selbst nicht als feministisch, unterstützte aber die sozialen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Rechte der Frau, wenn auch manchmal, insbesondere hinsichtlich der politischen Rechte, nur sehr diskret. Mit manchen dieser Aktivitäten setzte sich der Bund für eine aktivere Rolle der Frauen in der Gesellschaft ein. Außerdem trug er dazu bei, das häusliche Leben, also die weibliche Sphäre, besser sichtbar zu machen und auf diese Weise aufzuwerten. Die Tatsache, dass der Frauenbund bisweilen recht undemokratisch agierte (insbesondere bei der Petition von 1917), berechtigt nicht dazu, ihn nicht als Teil der Frauenbewegung zu betrachten. Feminismus bzw. Frauenbewegungen korrelieren nicht automatisch mit demokratischen Werten. In jedem Fall förderte der Deutsche Frauenbund zu Riga in gewisser Weise die Frauenrechte und zeigte außerdem der Welt, und den Männern, dass Frauen zu vielem imstande waren.