"Continuities and discontinuities. Educational program of The Planned Parenthood Association in Krakow (1957 – 1993)"

Author(s): Barbara Klich-Kluczewska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

The article presents the program of sexual education prepared and offered by Krakow Branch of the Planned Parenthood Association in the wider context of socio-political situation in Krakow (1956 – 1989). Since the beginning of the Association’s existence, the special attention was paid to the development of educational program, which concerned the different aspects of „family life“. The article is going to answer the questions about its goals, the educational tools used to achieve them and its social targets. To accurately determine the position of the Association in the city‘s community I will analyse its foundation and activities in wider context of the pre-war traditions of the organisation and the activities regarding premarital counselling undertaken by the Krakow Catholic Church.

"Smo mel cel popoldan fraj - da ti to kot delavcu vzamejo ..."

spomin na prosti čas in delo žensk v obdobju socialistične Slovenije

Author(s): Polona Sitar / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2015

In her contribution the author focuses on understanding the interconnection of work and leisure time in the period of the socialist Slovenia/Yugoslavia (1945-1991). She is interested in the meaning that women ascribed to their leisure time (understood as a reward for the workers during socialism) in comparison with gainful employment. She also pays special attention to the issue of how women experienced their leisure time in comparison with unpaid housekeeping and through the perspective of the so-called »double burden« in socialism, and how they experience it today, in the context of the capitalist market economy. The contribution is based on the fieldwork analysis, focused on the interviews with retired women, revealing their everyday life on the micro level. The goal of the »oral history« approach, used in the contribution, is not to reconstruct the socialist past and record it chronologically, but to present the perspective based on the women’s experience and their everyday practices, contributing an additional perspective to the existing official political and economic history descriptions.

A determinizmus zsarnoksága...

Author(s): Ibolya Czibere,Izolda Takács / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

Review of the book "Lánylegény - Az intermentalitás és kialakulásának történeti háttere" by Horváth Júlia Borbála (Budapest, 2015)

A Life Story is Also a Serious Business. Feminine Narratives during Communist years in the Town of Sebes

Author(s): Ionela Bogdan / Language(s): English / Issue: XVI/2015

The present article aims to analyse the manner in which Roma women from the town of Sebes remember their lives during the Communist era, with emphasis on their memories in regard to their work environment, when participation in the labor market was mandatory and according to the law everyone who was able to work, was required to do so.Using the methodology of oral history, it will be studied how Roma women, who were employed in factories of the town, relate to their workplace while bringing into attention aspects such as relations between minority-majority, gender issues, nostalgia towards the Communist era, differences between the urban and rural environments, potential mentality changes and behavioral changes.

A New Image of Women's Freedom Interpretation and Discourse of Female Labour in the Austro-Hungarian Feminist Press

Author(s): Dóra Czeferner / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2013

Among Hungarian historians the subject-matter of female labour has gradually become a popular topic. The research work can be placed to the borderline of two disciplines: female history and history of journalism in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. With the application of news analysis, discourse analysis and text linguistics, the study intend to prove that women.s movements at the beginning of the 20th century considered the safeguarding of female workers. interests as essential as the fight for women.s enfranchisement. The author analyses the views, opinions mediated by the Austro-Hungarian feminist periodical press ‒ The Woman and The Society (A Nő és a Társadalom) and New Woman.s Life (Neues Frauenleben) ‒about female labour and the working conditions of working women between 1907 and 1913.

A Queer Approach to the Classical Myth of Phaedra in Music

Author(s): Federica Marsico / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Three musical adaptations of the myth of Phaedra, in which the wife of King Theseus of Athens desperately falls in love with her stepson Hippolytus, were composed in the second half of the twentieth century by three homosexual composers: the dramatic cantata Phaedra for mezzosoprano and small orchestra (1976) by Benjamin Britten (1913-1976) after a text by the American poet Robert Lowell, the opera Le Racine: pianobar pour Phèdre (1980) by Sylvano Bussotti (1931-) after a libretto drafted by the composer himself and consisting of a prologue, three acts, and an intermezzo, and, last but not least, the two-act concert opera Phaedra (2007) by Hans Werner Henze (1926-2012) after a libretto by the German poet Christian Lehnert. The aim of this paper is to prove that the three homosexual composers chose a myth about an incestuous—and thus censored—love in order to represent homoerotic desire, labelled as deviant by the coeval heteronormative society and hence condemned by it. The study sheds light on the aspects of the most famous literary elaborations that affect gay sensibility, and on how the three composers experienced their homosexuality and gave utterance to it in their other works. The analysis of the three works at issue demonstrates that the discourse about gayness takes shape through the interplay of numerous aspects. The elaboration of the literary sources, the organization of the libretto, the characters’ definition, and the mise-en-scène, together with the music, put the myth into that perspective.

A Tormay-affér mentalitástörténeti tanulságai

Author(s): Anita Kurimay / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2016

This article examines the scandal of Cécile Tormay, a writer of international repute and prominence in interwar Hungary. Her purported homosexuality, despite its high political stakes, juicy bedroom details, long line of distinguished witnesses, and extensive press coverage has been largely ignored by historians. Cécile Tormay’s relationship with Countess Zichy Rafael became the talk of Budapest during the Zichys’ divorce trial and the subsequent libel case that Tormay and Countess Zichy filed against the count and his servants. Rather than trying to decipher the truth about Tormay’s sexuality and her relationship to the Countess, this article aims to reconstruct ideas and understandings of sexuality and especially of female homosexuality during the 1920s. By contextualizing the scandal within the social and cultural history of interwar Hungary, contemporary newspaper coverage, and the court documents of divorce and libel cases, this article reveals a gendered and highly class based understanding of female sexuality.

A Wohl-nővérek emancipációja

Társadalomtörténeti megközelítés hosszmetszetben

Author(s): Zsuzsa Török / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2015

The paper provides a social historical analysis of the writing career of Janka Wohl and Stephanie Wohl. It proposes that periodicals were instrumental in shaping writers' life work, and that the press of the time requires particular attention when studying the 19thcentury history of authorship. It is based on the analysis of Stephanie Wohl's only letter of biographical relevance and on the wider, contextual presentation of some of the statements in the letter. The paper follows the life of the Wohl girls starting with a description of their family background and their education, until their career as writers and editors. It also discusses their reception in contemporary society and social life. The life of the Wohl sisters unfolds in the context of two significant social historical processes of the 19th-century: assimilated Jewish intellectuals and the emancipation of women. Their ambitions as writers are coupled with a strong assimilation urge, while the roots of this are explained through a presentation of the wider context of their family history. For them, the “life form” of the intellectual, which guaranteed integration into the society of Hungarian language and culture, was attainable through a fellowship with the Lutheran intelligentsia. And the Lutheran environment explains not only their writing activity, but also their skills to get along and act as organizers in the social life of their time.

Aemulatores erasmi? „Sejmy niewieście” w polskiej kulturze literackiej XVI wieku

Author(s): Justyna A. Kowalik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2 (35)/2015

The aim of this article is to present how the Polish renaissance authors creatively transformed and adapted to the native context one of Erasmus’ dialogues, Senatulussive Gynaikosynedrion. The humanist exploited here a popular motif of a meeting of women who debate on different issues. Th e work is based on one of Aristophanes’ comedies as well as an episode from a biography of a Roman emperor, Heliogabal. Senatulus was very popular and was translated into a number of vernacular languages all over Europe. Erasmus, with his characteristic sense of humor and criticism, pointed to some vices of women, but did not stop there. He used a seemingly paradoxical formula of women’s council to draw attention to social and political problems of the time. Early modern Polish texts developing the theme in question can be understood in the context of Polish parliamentarism. But their literary inspiration has to be taken into consideration as well. The first part of this article focuses on problematic aspects of Senatulus, its somewhat provocative and ambiguous character, which probably attracted authors to this particular text. Th en two Polish dialogues that are linked to Erasmus’s work are examined. These are: anonymous Senatulus to jest sjemniewieści (Senatulus, or the council of women) from 1543 and Sjem niewieści (The council of women) written by Marcin Bielski in 1566/1567. Even a preliminary comparison of these two works with Erasmus’ colloquium indicates that the vernacular texts are a kind of sequel to the original and further develop its basic idea. References to the Latin version are present here on different levels. Similarity lays not only in the title and topics discussed by the characters, but also in the linguistic structure. In both cases, the concept of the female parliament was used by the writers as a pretext to draw attention to the political, social and economic problems Poland faced at that time and to suggest their own solutions.

After Communism and Before Gender

Author(s): Peter Stamatov,Dorottya Örlosy / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/1994

The review of: Nanette Funk and Magda Muller (eds.): Gender Politics and Post-Communism; Reflections from Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. New York: Routledge, 1993, 348 pp.

AİLE İÇİ ŞİDDETE KARŞI KADINLARIN TUTUMLARI: BİNGÖL İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Kasim Tatlilioglu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 32/2016

The most common form is domestic violence against women and children. Violence against women is a common social problem in Turkey. Violence against women includes a variety of different acts, which abused them physically, sexually or emotionally. Today, increasing the presence of many social scientists feel the violence has been the subject of the investigation. This research is conducted on all men and women who reside in the center of Bingöl and their age is 18 and over. The research group is consisted of 524 people 265 of them are women (50.51%) and 259 of them are men (49.42%) residing in Bingöl city center. Two different scales are applied for the purpose of the research. The first of these scales is "Domestic Violence Scale (for women)" and the "Domestic Violence Scale (for men). Both scales are applied separately to men and women. The other one is "Violence Attitude Scale" which is used common for both women and men including 21 questions in the survey. This article contains the findings only "Violence Attitude Scale" obtained from women.

An Inquiry into the Everyday Life of Townspeople of Košice in the 16th Century

Author(s): Bernadeta Fabová / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2012

Košice represents an atypical European town in the 16th century. Unfortunately, due to numerous destructive events, relatively small number of documents has been preserved from this period. The testaments, which originated in particular period, were selected as the source for the reconstruction of everyday life. The primary aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing research on the townspeople of Košice in the 16th century. Secondly, the possible difficulties that might arise during the research of the topic are being listed. The final part of the paper contains specific examples of the life experience of the selected inhabitants of the town.

Ana Maria Matute’nin Olgunluk Dönemi Romani Issiz Cennet’te İmgeler Ve Düşündürdükleri

Author(s): Sebnem Atakan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 74/2013

It was an arduous work for women writers namely Carmen Martin Gaite, Carmen Laforet, Josefina Aldecoa and Ana Maria Matute to witness the Spanish Civil War and to pursue writing as a career within the oppressive regime of the post-war era. Ana Maria Matute, who published her first novel in 1948, and who has kept on writing since then, has not only endeavored to fulfill the responsibilities as a wife and a mother but also made great sacrifices to be able to continue her career as a writer, a situation faced by many women writers. Looking back to her childhood years where she finds her inspiration, Matute questions the past in her novel Uninhabited Paradise, a novel which she wrote in her eighties. The idea that human personality and character are formed in childhood is a widely accepted and acknowledged perception regarding the human psyche. Indeed, it is during our early years that bitter-sweet life experiences, the first observations of the environment, and essential aspects that influence and shape our view of life and personality are inscribed deeply into our psyche. With her novel Uninhabited Paradise, Matute shares with us, the reader, that it is the cruel and bloody war that enabled her to experience the loss of innocence, in other words the “paradise”, a notion which is only experienced in childhood years.

ANKARA İLİ ÇEVRE İLÇELERİNDE HALK GİYİMİNDE KULLANILAN KISA KADIN ÜSTLÜKLERİ

Author(s): Fatma Koç / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 32/2016

Clothing items, which are shaped in accordance with tradition in the direction of our cultural values, are being lost with the use of clothes that brought by the modern life style and western fashion sense with great speed or shape and forms are changing. Short jackets, (cepken, hırka, salta, sarka etc.) which are an important part of the tradition of rich and folded clothing of the Turkish people, have become a part of clothing used by both men and women on a daily basis in order to protect the body, visually enrich the garments, and provide clothing integrity or harmony. In this study where the characteristics of short jackets used by women in Ankara provinces and surrounding provinces are to be analyzed. The obtained samples were photographed, technical drawings were taken in consideration of their shapes, functions, structural features, usage places, and typologically classified in terms of their formal similarities. fourteen jackets with different typological differences have been reached in four different districts. The selected issue is important in terms of establishing infrastructure for other work related to the topic, identifying, preserving and contributing to the sustainability of the lost values of the Turkish cultural heritage. It is also thought that the research outputs will provide guidance for researchers.

Annesiz Kizlar: Modern Babalarin Modern Kizlari

Author(s): Aksu Bora / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 61/2010

Although questioning the past has widely been on the agenda lately, the gender perspective of this therapeutic connection with the past is often neglected. But one has to recognize that, a retrospective questioning of the past, that encounters the analyses of the relationship between the personal and the collective memories, cannot be actualized without taking the gender dimension into account. This article expounds that, the ‘new woman’ typology created by modernization invalidates ‘the mother’ and the ‘difference’ that the mother represents. This negligence in return, leads to an understanding of equality which confines itself into the norms defined by the father only.

Anuarul Muzeului Naţional al Literaturii Române laşi

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Romania

Archívne dokumenty k výskumu spolkového života v meste Košice v období 1867 – 1914

Author(s): Nikoleta Lattová / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2016

In the second half of the 19th century in Hungary there was an enormous increase in the number of associations. While in 1862 there were 579 registered associations, in 1878 it was already 3995. The associations had no duty to keep administration paperwork and agenda. They were acting as independent communes and as a result of this were autonomous written records and administration paperwork. Public authorities had no right to interfere in their own administration records, they just might have consulted them. The way how the written records of each association were kept and preserved for the future generations depended on its individual "conscientious" members. This has resulted in a fact that the researchers who are dealing with the issues of administration record keeping have access mainly to incomplete and fragmentary archive documents. The aim of the article is to present the conditions of the archival historical sources that are related to the research of community life and life in associations in the city of Kosice in 1867 – 1914. The research was conducted in archives and libraries located in the investigated city of Košice, as well as in the same type of institutions in Budapest. Available historical sources particularly include the articles of associations, reports to the police headquarters and own documents and records of associations themselves. These include documents such as speeches, annual reports, reports on general meetings, almanacs, journals, publications published by associations and issues of memorial books published on the occasion of special anniversaries to commemorate the founding of association.

ASUR TİCARET KOLONİLERİ DÖNEMİNDE TÜCCAR EŞLERİNİN SOSYAL VE EKONOMİK HAYATTAKİ YERİ

Author(s): Inan Yüksel / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 32/2016

According to the Kültepe Tablets, there were intensive trades between the Assyrian merchants and the Anatolian kingdoms. In this period that lasted nearly for two centuries (BC. ca. 1950-1750), the merchants from Assyria began to live in the fields which were used as residence and market place founded near the cities and called as Karum. Assyrian merchants who spent almost all of his life in Anatolia, brought their wives with them, but some of them married women from the local communities of the region. The biggest supporters and assistants of the Assyrian merchants in the trade were their spouses. In many documents there was information about that women had a voice in trade life, helped their husbands, bought and sold goods and played active role in the production process. In this study, benefitting from the Kültepe tablets which have been published since today, the family relations of the Assyrian Merchants with their wives, their commercial partnerships, individual activities of the Assyrian women traders, how they help their husbands in trade are going to be clarified with the documents.

At the Intersection of Musical Culture and Historical Legacy: Feminist Musicology in Poland

Author(s): Marta Beszterda / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

In Poland, feminist perspectives in the field of musicology are still notonly very rare, but also hold a highly problematic status. Both an overviewof relevant Polish literature and scholars’ experiences reveal a two sided problem within Polish feminist musicology, where there is on theone hand a great disregard for the study of intersections between sex,gender and music, and on the other hand a significant controversy overhow to approach the subject once it is acknowledged. The challenges which today’s feminist musicology in Poland needs to confront, areconnected with complex and very often ambivalent way in which classicalmusic culture and the feminist discourse have been shaped sincethe beginning of the communist era (1945-1989). Reaching back to thatperiod, various historical, political and social factors have influencedthe study of women and gender in the contemporary Polish musicology.Three equally crucial issues are investigated in order to understandthe status of feminist musicology in Poland: 1) the challenges Polishmusicology has had to face due to the communist propaganda; 2) theway in which communist reality has shaped the attitude to feminismin the society; 3) the way in which history of Polish classical music isinfluenced by the figure of Grażyna Bacewicz. The essay characterizes each of these phenomena and presents how they may have contributed to the problematic status of feminist musicology in Poland nowadays.

Az I. világháború története a társadalmi nemek szerint

Author(s): Andrea Peto / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

In the Open Forum on legacy of WWI of The European Journal of Women’s Studies Joanne Nagel claimed that no matter that major changes happened in women’s position in the society the basic structure of patriarchal militarism remained the same. The chapter after analsying the different frameworks of gendering the history of the Great War explores a case study to uncover the different forms of silencing of women’s contribution to history of Hungary.