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Mýtus úlohy disentu v charakteru veřejné občanské angažovanosti v období československé normalizace

Author(s): Štěpán Strnad / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2014

Pro výzkum charakteru socialistické občanské společnosti v Československu před rokem 1989 platilo, že v jeho společensko-vědním diskurzu 90. let převažovala orientace na disent (ne mnohdy jeho adorace) a opoziční struktury. Výzkum občanské společnosti se soustředil na úzký segment, který v případě disidentů představoval velmi nepočetnou část československých občanů, která čítala ve vztahu k celkovému počtu obyvatel státu pouhých několik promile. Problematika československé normalizační občanské společnosti ve své šíři a pluralitě byla upozaděna v tendenci redukovat a paušalizovat vnímání úlohy významných aktérů občanské společnosti před rokem 1989. Takovýto diskurz byl charakteristický binárním, černobílým přístupem k úloze široké veřejnosti, která byla kategorizována jako neaktivní, pasivní, flegmatická, bojácná, zbabělá, pragmatická a mlčící, stojící proti hrdinným nematerialistickým disidentům.

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Statutární města ČR - sociodemografické změny v intervalu mezi posledními sčítáními

Author(s): Bohumil Minařík,Jana Borůvková,Jaroslav Dufek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2013

The paper is based on the previous research of the authors within solving a research intent lasting several years. It works with the results of the censuses of inhabitants, houses and flats and it deals with the time period between the 2001 and 2011 censuses. The subject of the analysis is the development of several chosen sociodemographic indicators. The basic identified processes are the ageing of the population and positive changes in their educational structure. The work has two parts. In the first one, the development is evaluated in the set of administrative districts of statutory cities as a whole, which is compared to the development in the CR as a whole and Prague, the capital. The second part deals with the differences in the development in individual administrative districts within the set. Besides the elementary graphic and numerical statistic methods, the cluster analysis is used in the solution.

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“Mocking Eternities”: Writing Beyond the Ending of Possession, or A.S. Byatt’s Intersections between Academia, Literary Criticism, and Fiction

Author(s): Alexandra Cheira / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2023

In 1995, a two-page-long letter signed by Professor Maud Michell-Bailey – which furthermore enclosed two original poems by Christabel LaMotte – prefaced a special edition on women poets in the academic journal Victorian Poetry. The letter and poems invite a critical return to Possession, since they are a complex game in which made-up characters come to life and actual people are fictionalized. They also raise significant theoretical issues while appearing to break free from the limitations imposed by what Victorian Poetry editor Linda Hughes has correctly described as “overdetermined readings, simplification, distortion” (6). In doing so, they masterfully create a parodic and intertextual dialogue in an inverted mirror game that blurs the lines between the real and the imagined and invites the reader to engage in an active participation. When combined, Maud’s letter and LaMotte’s poems offer an intriguing look at the fruitful fusion of A.S. Byatt's critical and literary imagination. Therefore, this article explores Byatt’s intersections between academia, literary criticism, and fiction by analysing her metafictional discourse on fictional Victorian poems vis-à-vis the real contemporary academic journal in which they were published.

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Carmela Ciuraru, Lives of the Wives: Five Literary Marriages

Author(s): Merritt Moseley / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2023

Review of: Carmela Ciuraru, Lives of the Wives: Five Literary Marriages. New York: HarperCollins, 2023. 336 pages. Paperback. $21.99. ISBN: 9780062356925, ISBN 10: 0062356925.

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Franco Marucci. Authors in Dialogue: Comparative Essays in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century English Literature

Author(s): Dragoş Ivana / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2023

Review of: Franco Marucci. Authors in Dialogue: Comparative Essays in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century English Literature. Oxford, New York: Peter Lang, 2020. Pp. 220. ISBN 978-1-78997- 598-7 (hardback); ISBN 978-1-78997-599-4 (ePDF).

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"What the Authorities of the Land Wish Done"

Author(s): Laura E. Brade / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Humanitarian efforts during the Second World War have traditionally been divided into two categories: relief and rescue. Rather than discussing relief and rescue separately, this article examines the relationship between these two activities and shows that in practice they were inextricably linked. To reveal the complex balancing act that humanitarians faced between relief and rescue operations, the author focuses on the American Unitarian Association’s (AUA) early efforts at humanitarian relief in Prague. In February 1939, the AUA sent Waitstill and Martha Sharp to Prague as the representatives of the American Committee for Service in Czechoslovakia. Their records reveal that, once on the ground, the Sharps found that relief and rescue activities supported each other in surprising and complicated ways, especially after the Nazi occupation of Bohemia and Moravia. Relief assistance provided especially to Jews and endangered members of the democratically minded intelligentsia endeared voluntary workers to local Czech authorities, granting them greater opportunity to conduct humanitarian efforts, a strategy that the Sharps later used in their work in France in 1940. Humanitarian workers constantly grappled with which activity to prioritize. Although relief frequently greased the wheels of rescue, humanitarians struggled with when and how to offer relief. By focusing on the relationship between relief and rescue, the author sheds light on one of humanitarianism’ senduring challenges: how to navigate internal conflicts about the distribution of aid, while still helping on the ground.

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VECINĂTĂŢI DOMENIALE: CĂSĂTORIA ÎN MEDIUL NOBILIAR DIN COMITATELE BANATULUI MEDIEVAL (1300–1450)

Author(s): Ligia Boldea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

Marriage was in the nobiliary environment a familial question they usually didn’t dwell at random upon. Seen as a regulation and formalizing of a certain social status, the institution of marriage was submitted, due to its role and position, to severe rituals and interdictions. To create new alliances, to consolidate the old ones or to set political relations through the means of matrimonial strategies and women operated as a capital obligation for the head of any nobiliary family. After all, joing in marriage was taken along the way for a contract with obligations and rights involving both the couple and the members of the widened family. On the other hand, from a spiritual point of view, matrimony was defined by ecclesiastic statements, as a sacral mystery with moral and religious implications, an unbreakable relation between a man and a woman. A model of the Christian marriage was after conceptualized, placed exclusively under the control of the ecclesiastic authorities, not under that of the secular ones. First of all, nobiliary domenial neighborship created opportunities to matrimonial alliances in order to sanction, consolidate, and secure certain agreements in the case of neighboring noble families. In fact, given the low mobility at that time, marriages were set most frequently in proximity and reflected the nature of some relations of neighborliness.

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Proměny soužití Českého a Německého obyvatelstva na Šumavě v letech 1898-1938. Sonda do každodennosti farních společenství ve světle materiálů biskupského archivu

Author(s): Martin Weis / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2007

Th e author presents in this scientific study based on archive documents of the České Budějovice bishop archives, deposited in the State District Archives in Třeboň, documents from the ecclesiastic life of the inhabitants of the Bohemian Forest in the years 1898-1938. Th ese documents show that the increase of the national tension between the Czech and German populations of the Bohemian Forest in the period observed did not avoid the church life either. Many a priest thus got caught, metaphorically said, between “two millstones” and was one of the first victims of national frictions.

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Mormintele Cantacuzinilor moldoveni (secolele XVII-XIX)

Author(s): Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 69/2023

Regarded as a real research direction concerning the history of medieval and pre-modern Moldavian history, research on family burials and necropolises has already brought numerous additions and corrections to the genealogies of the ancient families, as well as to their mentalities and privileges. Through a succession of burials of related individuals, the graves became necropolises of the lineage, which were true expressions of family solidarity and genealogical awareness. With the present study, which in fact represents an unprecedented inventory of the tombs of the Moldavian Cantacuzins of the 17th-19th centuries, we have sought to identify the reasons for the choice of certain burial places, as well as the way in which the representatives of this extremely diverse family (Deleanu, Paşcanu, Şerbeşti, Băleni), became aware of the symbolic dimension of this aspect of everyday life. So far, in the above-mentioned time frame, we have identified more than 100 Cantacuzine burials, both male and female, made in churches and monastic sites in Moldova, but also in various places in Transylvania, Russia, Germany or Greece.

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Practici ştiinţifice şi norme sanitare în regulamentele Laboratorului comunal chimico bacteriologic al Bucureştiului

Author(s): Simion Câlţia / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 69/2023

The study aims to analyse a specific case: the regulations that governed the activity of the chemical-bacteriological laboratory of the Bucharest City Hall in the two decades preceding the First World War. The municipal laboratory had an essential role in introducing in the sphere of food hygiene the norms and practices characteristic to the field of analytical sciences. It also played an important role in the efforts of the municipal medical corps to combat epidemic diseases. The research has two distinct objectives. The regulations were used to understand the municipality’s intentions, how the activity of the laboratory was conceived and what its functions were. We also looked at the difficulties in the operation of the laboratory. A diachronic perspective applied allowed us to see how these issues evolved between 1898 and 1913. The second objective is methodological: to open a discussion on the role that such administrative documents, formulated in an often difficult technical-bureaucratic language, can play in historical research. What kinds of answers can we construct from them, and what are the limitations and pitfalls specific to these kinds of sources?

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Educaţie, şcoli şi propagandă în cadrul grupului etnic german din România (1940-1944)

Author(s): Daniela Popescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 69/2023

The Romanian mid1930s faced a startling increase of the number of those who embraced various forms and ideas of extremist discourse. It was also the case for various members of the main German-speaking groups in Romania who embraced the ideology of National Socialism promoted by the German Nazis. The Germans from Romania had their political and institutional representation, local dynamic press, schools, business and were in touch with the news and with the current events and trends from the Reich. Yet only a part of this large ethnic group embraced Reich`s path. The German Ethnic Group in Romania (G.E.G.) functioned as an organizational structure which had several interconnected offices such as the Administrative Office, the Legal Office, the Office for Statistics and Population, the Office for Education or the Press and Propaganda Office. The Schulamt (The Office for Education) was in charge not only with the educational curricula but also with administrating the German schools starting with 1940. One of the aims of this paper is to offer a better understanding of the administrative structures of the German Ethnic Group in Romania, particularly the educational branches in charge with educating young members of the German community in Romania and their teachers in the Reich`s principles, ideas, and spirit.

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БРАЗИЛ У ПОЛИТИЦИ СОЦИЈАЛИСТИЧКЕ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ (1946–1952)

Author(s): Bojan V. Simić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2023

Based on primary sources, relevant literature and contemporary press, the paper analyzes how the largest South American state, Brazil, was treated in foreign policy of the Yugoslav socialist regime. The moment of the re-establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1946 and the year in which diplomatic missions were elevated to the rank of embassies, along with the expansion of trade agreement (1952), were taken as the chronological framework. Th e article examines how the Cold War divisions, Yugoslav emigration to Brazil, and mutual trade influenced bilateral relations.

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THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN WESTERN HISTORIOGRAPHY: MARIA FALINA, RELIGION AND POLITICS IN INTERWAR YUGOSLAVIA: SERBIAN NATIONALISM AND EAST ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY

Author(s): Radmila Radić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This essay is a review of Maria Falina’s book, which investigates the complex interaction between the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC), nationalism, and politics in Yugoslavia during the interwar period. It delves into Maria Falina’s ideas, historical context, and various perspectives that she off ers. Falina questions commonly held beliefs about the natural relationship between religion and Serbian nationalism, and digs into the SOC’s changing role as a political actor during a period of profound social and political change. Falina investigates the infl uence of people such as Nikolaj Velimirović and Justin Popović, the Church’s reaction to the Yugoslav state, religious competition, and modernity issues.

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СТВАРАЛАШТВО АКАДЕМИКА ДАНИЛА БАСТЕ

Author(s): Miša Đurković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 187/2023

Иститут за европске студије je са великим задовољством организовао представљање Сабраних дела академика Данила Басте која су се у 14 књига појавила 2021. године. Ово је била значајна прилика да се говори о његовом веома вредном и богатом делу, али и да се отвори прича о стању посустале практичке и социјалне филозофије у Србији. Професор Баста обележио је и историју Правног факултета коме је посветио читав свој живот, али је обележио и генералну обнову класичне правне и политичке филозофије у Србији у последњих пола века, укључујући и обнову либералне мисли још од краја 70-их година 20. века.

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РЕЧ О САБРАНИМ СПИСИМА ДАНИЛА Н. БАСТЕ

Author(s): Zdravko Kučinar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 187/2023

Поздрављам све присутне, а посебно учеснике у овом разговору. Захваљујем Институту за европске студије, његовом директору, колеги Миши Ђурковићу, што је организовао овај разговор и тако учинио да ово издање не прође ћутке, без одјека и дужне пажње стручне и културне јавности; Захвалност дугујемо академику Данилу Басти, који нам је подарио ово импресивно дело и уз то, учинио додатни, наизглед мали, али драгоцен напор да прикупи/сабере своје списе и тако учини да они, као целина, буду лако и на једном месту доступни читаоцу, да не остану расути и недоступни у публикацијама које су се јављале и гасиле током пола столећа; Захвалност и наше честитке припадају и приређивачу (професору Јовици Тркуљи) и издавачима овог вредног издања; Захваљујем и на позиву, прилици да и сâм нешто кажем о овом издању и о филозофском делу Данила Басте. (Надам се да ми нећете замерити што ћу додати и једну сасвим личну опаску.

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ДАНИЛО БАСТА: БРАНИЛАЦ ЉУДСКОГ ДОСТОЈАНСТВА И ПОЗИВА ФИЛОЗОФА

Author(s): Zoran B. Kinđić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 187/2023

Пред собом имамо четрнаест томова Сабраних списа академика Данила Басте, што свакако представља значајан издавачки подухват, јединствен у нашој филозофској култури. Иако су се у претходном периоду различити издавачи побринули да приреде изабрана дела неких наших истакнутих филозофа, као што су Брана Петронијевић, Милош Н. Ђурић, Михаило Ђурић, Михаило Марковић, Љубомир Тадић, Светозар Стојановић, Никола Милошевић, Зоран Ђинђић и Слободан Жуњић, ово је први пут да су неком нашем филозофу, и то за живота, објављена сабрана дела. Вероватно су се пре самог тог подухвата и приређивач и аутор суочили са дилемом да ли да се определе за сабране списе или за изабрана дела.

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САБРАНИ СПИСИ ДАНИЛА Н. БАСТЕ

Author(s): Ilija Marić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 187/2023

Захваљујем се на љубазном позиву од стране Института за европске студије да у својству једног од рецензената учествујем на Округлом столу о Сабраним списима академика Данила Н. Басте, који су се, под уредништвом професора Јовице Тркуље, у 14 томова 2020. године појавили у издању београдских издавачких кућа „Досије студио” и „Гутенбергова галаксија”

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Molitva za franjevca u jednoj pravoslavnoj crkvi: Sećanje na protomajstora u natpisu manastira Dečana

Author(s): Jakov Đorđević / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This paper explores the memory of the master builder of the Dečani monastery as it was “performed” through the inscription of the south portal of the monastery’s katholikon. Despite the confessional differences, Fra Vita, a Franciscan friar from Kotor, was allowed to place his name on the (Orthodox) church. Moreover, he was permitted to place it beside those of the royal founders, King Stefan Uroš III and his son Stefan Dušan. By focusing on the carved representation in the lunette of the south portal and through the devotional, confessional, and political contextualizations, this paper demonstrates the performative nature of the Dečani inscription and the nuanced complexity of the memory that it cherishes.

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ПАПСКИ ПОРТРЕТИ У РИМУ ОД КРАЈА 6. ДО ПОЧЕТКА 9. ВЕКА: КА РАЗУМЕВАЊУ РАЗВОЈА ВИЗУЕЛНОГ ИДЕНТИТЕТА ПАПА У РАНОМ СРЕДЊЕМ ВЕКУ

Author(s): Ognjen Tutić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 72/2023

The paper examines the papal portraits created in Rome, from the time of Pope Gregory I the Great (590–604) until the pontificate of Leo III (795–816). As this period was marked by the systematic construction of the authority of Rome as the central topos of the entire Christian ecumene, the city church and the papal city, in which, as in the entire West, the power of popes was inviolable, the preserved papal portraits help understand the construction of identity and authority of the head of the Roman Church, and thus of their visual identity and (self)representation, as a consequence of turbulent socio-political and cultural-historical changes. Therefore, a particular focus will be placed on different typologies of papal portraits –ktetor, representative, commemorative, etc., with the aim of drawing conclusions about the genesis of the imago papae, and the development and changes in the iconography of the papal portrait in the art and visual culture of early medieval Rome

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ЈОАНИКИЈЕ III, ПАТРИЈАРХ ПЕЋКИ

Author(s): Nedeljko V. Radosavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 72/2023

The paper outlines the biography of Joanikije III, the Patriarch of Peć in 1739–1746. Due to the lack of available primary sources, the writings of his contemporaries created a one-sided and predominantly negative image of his activity in that period, which was later accepted in most works of critical historiography. In this paper, based on published and newly found primary sources, we carried out a critical verification of earlier conclusions. New facts emerged, which partly change the prevailing opinion about him. The important role he played in the restoration of the structure of the Patriarchate of Peć after 1739 was highlighted. The issue of patriarchal debts, which turned out to be largely inherited from earlier times, was highlighted. Also provided are the most important biographical data on Patriarch Joanikije III, from his birth in 1700 in Constantinople to his death in 1793 in Halki.

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