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Polityczność polskiej prasy dla kobiet w latach 1989-1992

Author(s): Anna Szwed-Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2021

The political transformation in Poland resulted in the politicization of social life. It was also due to the press, including the women’s press sector. At that time, in press intensified the discourse on political changes and forecasted the direction of reforms, drawing also her own scenarios of solutions to women’s problems. The aim of the research was to show the political dimensions of the Polish press for women in the years 1989-1992. The research covered the most widely read magazines for women dealing with social and political issues on the agenda: the weeklies „ Kobieta i Życie”, „Przyjaciółka” and „ Zwierciadło ”. Two hypotheses were formulated: 1) the editorial staff of the Polish press for women in the indicated research period did not avoid political declarations, 2) the political discourse was undertaken through the prism of gender equality not so much in the formal and legal dimension as in practical. Qualitative analysis of the press content was used in the research.

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Kłopotliwe dziedzictwo sarmatyzmu. Romantyczni twórcy wobec postaci starosty kaniowskiego Mikołaja Bazylego Potockiego

Author(s): Iwona Węgrzyn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2020

The paper is not only an attempt at reconstructing the literary legend of Mikołaj Potocki, a governor from Kaniów, but also a story about the helplessness of the Polish 19th-century writers against the crazy magnate, his legend and Sarmatism, which he represented. Works by Kraszewski, Groza, Grabowski, Jankowski and many other authors, which are dedicated to Mikołaj Potocki, seem to be an interesting testimony of the 19th-century writers’ struggle with the tradition of their ancestors (not always obvious and accepted). They also make it possible to formulate a thesis about the 19th-century retouch of pre-Enlightenment noble culture (rejecting cruelty as a component of knightly identity of noble culture and eliminating characters evoking confusion from among the pantheon of ancestors, for example those described as tricksters by anthropologists).

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Ojcowie Kościoła w drodze chrześcijanina do Jezusa Chrystusa na przykładzie życia i dzieła Josepha Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI

Author(s): Andrzej Michalik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 87/2023

The life and work of Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI is deeply and closely intertwined with the Fathers of the Church, teaching and being witnesses of fidelity to Christ. He conversed with the Fathers and included them in the dialogue he conducted with contemporary thought. Through his rich theological achievements, he showed that the thought of the Fathers as witnesses to the faith of the Church in the first centuries, can also help today in a deeper understanding of faith. The Fathers of the Church were not only a constant inspiration for him, but also – especially as the Supreme Shepherd of the Church – he set them as a model of Christian life for the disciples of Christ at the begin-ning of the third millennium. Therefore, it can be said that on his own example he showed contemporary Christians how, by listening to the teaching of the Fathers and following the example of their lives, they could go to Jesus and follow Jesus.

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Praesentia carnalis Christi. Incarnation Terminology in the Anti-heretical Polemic of Philastrius of Brescia

Author(s): Mariusz Szram / Language(s): English Issue: 87/2023

The terminology found in one of the oldest Latin catalogs of heresies, Diversarum hereseon liber, written by Philastrius, bishop of Brescia (330-387/388), was adapted to the needs of anti-heretical polemics, and at the same time reflected the way of talking about Christ’s earthly mission, characteristic of the Latin patristic literature of the second half of the 4th century. A detailed philological and theological analysis of Philastrius’s treatise led to the following conclusions: (1) The terminology used by the author was rooted in the early Christian tradition (caro, corpus, incarnatio, incorporatio), but also original through the use of his own formula praesentia carnalis; (2) The vocabu-lary used in the catalog was strictly dependent on the subject of the doctrinal dispute. In polemics with docetistic heresies, Philastrius used the term caro more often than corpus, describing the body and, indirectly, the entire human nature of Christ. In the discussion with heresies that did not directly address the subject of the body of Christ, and also when presenting the orthodox teaching of the Church on the Incarnation of the Son of God, he used the term incorporatio more often than incarnatio; (3) The favorite phrase used by the Bishop of Brescia to describe the Incarnation was praesentia carnalis Christi. With it, Philastrius emphasized several important aspects of the theology of the Incarnation: the real corporeality of the person of Christ; the presence of the Son of God among people and its salvific purpose; a long process of revealing God to man, related to the Old Testament prophecies, the fulfillment of which was the coming of the Savior to earth.

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„Najbardziej elokwentni z Ojców” a metoda przepowiadania w Kościele przełomu IV i V wieku

Author(s): Jarosław Nowaszczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 85/2023

Gregory of Nazianzus and John Chrysostom were recognized by posterity as the greatest preachers of the Church in the East. The purpose of the present article is to show that they differed in the way of preparing the texts of public speeches, which implies the need for a separate approach to their output. Both Fathers wrote at a time when rhetoric was used more for entertainment than for the transmission of knowledge, and sophists, known for their oratory proficiency, were considered corrupt and depraved. Over the course of one generation, this led the Church to reject the rhetorical workshop in favor of a genre that is more accessible in terms of form and language – the homily.

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Persuasive Function of Sound Figures in Augustine’s Homilies on the Psalms of Ascents and Their Translation into Modern Languages

Author(s): Marcela Andoková,Róbert Horka / Language(s): English Issue: 85/2023

Augustine’s sermons and exegetical homilies have been recently studied by modern scholars not only from the point of view of their contents but also their rhetorical form. This is true especially in those cases where we deal with authentic speeches reflecting the language culture of his audience. One of the most characteristic features of Augustine’s homiletic style is antithetic parallelism which occurs frequently in his homilies on Psalms and results from the author’s own way of thinking. Here we do not deal that much with the biblical parallelism of thought, present in the Hebrew poetry, particularly in Psalms, prophetic speeches, etc., but rather with that which was introduced in Greek by Gorgias, i.e., parallelism of words and sentence structure (parallelismus membrorum). Antithetic parallelism is often accompanied by rhyme (Gr. homoioteleuton) or by assonance. This phenomenon might be observed already in Indo-European poetics but in the rhetorical context of Augustine’s anti-Donatist preaching it serves quite different purposes. By using these and other sound figures (like alliteration, repetition, anaphora, epiphora, etc.) the bishop of Hippo wants not only to please his audience but also to instruct them and, first and foremost, persuade them to return to the Catholic church. Does he use these figures spontaneously imitating the folk culture of his audience, or is he constantly aware of their persuasive force? These and other related questions have already captured attention of several Augustinian scholars of the last decades, so in the present paper we would like to contribute to this foregoing discussion focusing mostly on the persuasive aspect of selected sound figures occurring in Augustine’s Enarrationes in Psalmos 119- 133. Moreover, our aim is to show to which extent they were a part of bishop’s thoroughly considered plan of his homilies, and finally we would like to point out the importance of preserving at least some of these figures in modern translations of Augustine’s homilies.

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Marcela Andoková, Čierna som a predsa krásna. Tyconiov výklad Piesne piesní 1, 5 (I am Black Yet Beautiful. Tyconius’s Interpretation of Song 1:5)

Author(s): Marcin Wysocki / Language(s): English Issue: 85/2023

Review of: Marcela ANDOKOVÁ, Čierna som a predsa krásna. Tyconiov výklad Piesne piesní 1, 5 (I am Black Yet Beautiful. Tyconius’s Interpretation of Song 1:5), Iris, Bratislava 2020.

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Kevin G. Grove, Augustine on Memory, Oxford Studies in Historical Theology

Author(s): Fernando López-Arias / Language(s): English Issue: 85/2023

Review of: Kevin G. Grove, "Augustine on Memory, Oxford Studies in Historical Theology", New York 2021.

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Tatiana Krynicka, Święty Mikołaj z Myr Licyjskich w świetle greckich i łacińskich źródeł starożytnych i średniowiecznych

Author(s): Dominika Budzanowska-Weglenda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 85/2023

Review of: Tatiana KRYNICKA, Święty Mikołaj z Myr Licyjskich w świetle greckich i łacińskich źródeł starożytnych i średniowiecznych, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk 2022.

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Kasjodor, Pisma wybrane (Studia o Kasjodorze), przekład z języka łacińskiego Dominika Budzanowska-Weglenda, ks. Krzysztof Burczak, ks. Jarosław Januszewski, ks. Lucjan Dyka, opracowanie ks. Marek Starowieyski, ks. Mikołaj Lohr,

Author(s): Mariusz Szram / Language(s): Polish Issue: 85/2023

Review of: Kasjodor, Pisma wybrane (Studia o Kasjodorze), przekład z języka łacińskiego Dominika Budzanowska-Weglenda, ks. Krzysztof Burczak, ks. Jarosław Januszewski, ks. Lucjan Dyka, opracowanie ks. Marek Starowieyski, ks. Mikołaj Lohr, Wydawnictwo Marek Derewiecki, Kęty 2022, pp. 362

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Reinhart Koselleck – intelektualna biografi a historyka i jej odbicie w korespondencji z Carlem Schmittem

Author(s): Andrzej Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The article aims to take a new look at the biography of Reinhart Koselleck (1923– 2005), a prominent German historian and historical theorist, from the perspective of his long- -time correspondence with Carl Schmitt (1888–1985), a jurist and legal theorist of the Third Reich and a prominent conservative thinker. Putting the Koselleck–Schmitt communication by letters (1953–1983) against the backdrop of a recent and rapidly growing literature on Koselleck’s thought, the article analyses the phases of their correspondence not only as a contribution to the historian’s biography but as an important document of the intellectual history of Germany and whole Europe at the time.

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Pierwsza lekcja hebrajskiego. Transgresja tożsamościowa Żydów polskich od końca XIX do połowy XX wieku

Author(s): Łukasz Tomasz Sroka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The Zionist movement, born at the end of the nineteenth century, called for the establishment of an independent state for the Jews. The development of the Zionist idea and the restoration of Jewish statehood was accompanied by restoring Hebrew into a language of daily use. Hebrew became the gateway to Israel. The fi rst Hebrew lesson triggered the process of initiation into the new culture. The adoption of Hebrew was accompanied by an identity transgression that crossed many boundaries set by cultural norms associated with Diaspora languages. This process was not always quick and unambiguous. It was not infrequently accompanied by a state of limbo between old and new lifestyles, habits and requirements accompanying acclimatization to new living conditions in Israel.

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Lewica komunistyczna w Polsce po 1989 roku. Organizacje i ich myśl programowa. Zarys problemu

Author(s): Paweł Malendowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The article presents the history and main assumptions of the political thought of the communist movement in Poland after 1989. This movement consisted of political parties, informal groups as well as press and internet editorial teams, for which the ideological foundation was Marxism-Leninism, Trotskyism or Maoism/Stalinism. These were, among others: the Communist Party of Poland, the Revolutionary Left Current, the Socialist Alternative, and the Workers’ Democracy. Their political thought was based on the criticism of the political changes in Poland after 1989.

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„Dziennik z wydarzeń II wojny światowej 1939–1941” Aleksandra Prusiewicza

Author(s): Agnieszka Biedrzycka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The presented text by ethnographer and sightseer Aleksander Prusiewicz is kept in the collection of the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientifi c Library of Ukraine in Lviv (F. 88, case 19). In it, the author describes (with varying degrees of accuracy) his fate between 1 September 1939 to 13 August 1941. He especially focused on the siege of Lviv in September 1939 and the fi rst weeks of the Soviet occupation, particularly the arrest of the former Prime Minister of Poland Leon Kozłowski, which he provoked.

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„Rozstrzelani za Zbruczem”. Praktyka wydawania wyroków śmierci na ludność polską w trzech obwodach Ukraińskiej SRR w ramach „operacji polskiej” w latach 1937–1938. Analiza komparatystyczna

Author(s): Piotr Olechowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The text presents three cases of criminal trials held in the 1930s against the Polish population remaining in Soviet Ukraine (regions of Vinnytsia, Odesa, and Kamianets-Podilskyi). All ended with sentences of death by fi ring squad. Years later, the murdered were recognised as victims of the totalitarian system, thus obtaining posthumous rehabilitation and symbolic sentence exoneration.

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Wydawnictwo Dobra Powszedniego (1982–1986)

Author(s): Konrad Knoch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The text presents the history of the underground publishing house Wydawnictwo Dobra Powszedniego, created during martial law at Ryjewo in the north of Poland on the initiative of the University of Gdańsk students. Based on archival research and oral accounts, this article presents the origins of the underground publishing house, identifi es the places and ways of printing (as well as some of the publications) and describes the distribution system. The text also focuses on the local specifi cities of this publishing initiative and on related organisational problems.

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Historia społeczna PRL filmem pisana. Kilka uwag na marginesie monografi i Doroty Skotarczak, Stanisław Bareja. Jego czasy i filmy

Author(s): Radoslaw Domke / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The text discusses Dorota Skotarczak’s 2022 academic publication, entitled Stanisław Bareja. Jego czasy i fi lmy [Stanisław Bareja. His Times and Films]. The author of the review article placed his study in the context of the history of People’s Poland.

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Emigracja zarobkowa z Galicji do Francji na początku XX w. – stan badań i postulaty badawcze

Author(s): Małgorzata Gmurczyk-Wrońska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

Labour emigration from Galicia to France between 1908 and 1914 represents an initial and little-researched phase of the emigration movement of the fi rst half of the 20th century. Letters from peasants wishing to go to France are an important research source for this issue. This article is part of preparations for a planned source publication of letters to the envoy to the Diet of the Kingdom of Galicia, Wiktor Skołyszewski, from Galician peasants and workers wishing to go to work in France in the early 20th century. The issues are presented in the context of the state of research on the subject of labour emigration, mainly from Galicia.

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Konspiracyjna broszura „Anegdota i dowcip wojenny” (1943) oraz jej twórcy

Author(s): Tomasz Szarota / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The article is a fragment of the author’s research project into the preservation by historians of the memory of past people, events and publications and symbols functioning in the past. Here, the author’s interest focuses on a conspiratorial pamphlet published in the Warsaw underground in 1943 with jokes circulating in occupied Poland and the fate of all those who contributed to this publication.

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Kobiecy personel Kancelarii Komendy Okręgu Warszawskiego AK w powstaniu warszawskim

Author(s): Michał Tomasz Wójciuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

This article aims to present the female personnel of the Offi ce of the Warsaw District Headquarters during the Warsaw Uprising. This topic was not adequately undertaken so far. Women assigned to various services and civilian structures played a vital role during the Warsaw Uprising, and it was noticed by both Polish commanders and Germans.

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