Was the Roman catholic canon law studied in eighteenth-century England?

Author(s): Łukasz Jan Korporowicz / Language(s): English Issue: 108/2018

Establishing of the Anglican Church by Henry VIII and its protestantisation achieved by his children Edward VI and Elizabeth I did not cause an absolute denial of the Catholic customs and traditions in England. Despite other Protestant communities, the Anglican Church maintained a developed legal order which was a continuation of a heritage of medieval canon law. The final victory of the Anglicanism over the Catholic sentiments was achieved in the eighteenth century. In the article, however, the question is asked whether that same mechanism worked in the sphere of the teaching of canon law in England in the aforementioned epoch. It is worth remembering that the canon law could not be taught openly and for this reason, it was often clothed in the form of the lecture of the history and the reception of Roman law. The article contains the conclusions drawn from the analysis of the popular eighteenth-century textbooks of Roman law and Anglican ecclesiastical law. The references to Roman canon law were sought in them, as well as the modes of expressing the statements regarding the Catholic Church and its law were evaluated.

Prawa obcych ludów w instytucjach Gaiusa

Author(s): Izabela Leraczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 108/2018

abstrakt en: The aim of the article is to present the selected fragments of the Institutes of Gaius containing references to legal institutions as applied by other nations than the Romans and to explain the reason for including them in the textbook on Roman law. The jurist would mention foreign regulations in two ways. First, he made general references, in which he pointed out that similar legal solutions could be found with other nations (gens), foreigners (peregrinus) or generally people (homo). Secondly, he referred to the regulations exercised by specific societies – the Galatians (Galatorum gentem) and the Bithynians (lex Bithynorum). The interpretation of the fragments in question and their juxtaposition with other sources proves that Gaius’s comparisons were very superficial and his references to various nations were based on rumours. His references to other legal system were merely an embellishment of his lectures. However, by resorting to digressions and allusions, he managed to save a little knowledge about the laws and customs of the peoples under the Roman rule in the period of the principate.

Jakub VI (I) Stuart – Łowca czarownic – Część II

Author(s): Tomasz Tulejski,Anna Tomza-Tulejska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 108/2018

King James VI (I) Stuart is known as one of the most important and sophisticated English defenders of absolute monarchy and a furious enemy of the Puritans. However a few know that James was a famous hunter of witches and the author of Daemonologie – the philosophical dissertation on contemporary necromancy, witchcraft, and black magic. In this article the Authors argue, that Daemonologie was the political yet theological statement to educate a misinformed populace on the history, practices and implications of sorcery and the reasons for persecuting witchcraft in a Christian society. King James did not start the witch-hunts in Scotland, but his writings profoundly influenced on the politicization of legal trial of witchcraft by outlining the definition of witchcraft and the manner how to identify and accuse witches. The king’s position of authority allowed his ideas to be highly regarded and widely accepted. According to the Authors James’ personal experiences also determined the development of his views on divine right of a kings.

Mapping the History of Sociology: Places, Positioning, Dominance and Marginality in an Emerging Discipline

Author(s): Christoph Reinprecht,Nora Walch,Jiří Šubrt / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The paper is a contribution to a sociological reading of a decisive moment in the history of Austrian and Viennese sociology: the early 20th century. In this early period of its establishment, the Austrian (and especially Viennese) sociology is known for its intellectual vitality, the diversity of its competing circles, its methodological innovations. At the same time, sociology appeared as a highly fragmented scientific field with dominant strands, today on the fringes of the discipline, and with peripheral and marginalized trends and positions, appreciated today as pioneers of modern sociology. By applying a topographic approach, the paper elaborates specific characteristics of this field, including the different degree of institutionalization in and outside the Universities, in connection with political and ideological struggles for discursive hegemony, or the deep gap between theoretical and empirical approaches, related to the effects of multidimensional and intersectional marginalization on protagonists of the sociological field who are today recognized as important innovators. With its focus on the material dimension of knowledge production and its particular attention to places and the localization of actors, methods, and thoughts, and the related (unequal) positions in the social field of science, the paper aims to contribute to a critical understanding of processes of marginalization as a constitutive, and driving, element in science history.

Odnaleziona księga gminy ormiańskiej w Zamościu

Author(s): Krzysztof Stopka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2018

The Armenian community in Zamość developed in the 80s of the 16th century. In 1589 Jan Zamoyski, a hetman and chancellor of The Kingdom of Poland, as well as the city owner, allowed for creating an independent Armenian court with its vogt and jurors. The court proceeded by Magdeburg law, which was in force in Zamość, and by Armenian law which had been approved by King Sigismund I in 1519. The Armenian court acts record plaints, defences, testimonies, sentences, notary acts, election protocols of the Armenian selfgovernment, tax rolls, city owners edicts, copies of sentences which concerned Armenians from other courts. Until very recently there has been only seven books of this kind, all stored in the National Archive in Lublin. Last year another book kept between 23 October 1660 and 23 September 1668 was found in the National Historical Archive in Minsk in Belarus.

"Pomniki Dziejowe Ormian Polskich" – nowa seria źródłowa dotycząca społeczności ormiańskiej w Polsce

Author(s): Monika Agopsowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2018

A five-year-long research and editing project “Historical Memorials of Polish Armenians”, funded from “The National Programme for Development of Research in Humanities” of the Ministry of Education in Poland has been led by the Foundation of Culture and Heritage of Polish Armenians and headed by Krzysztof Stopka. Other people involved in the project are: Monika Agopsowicz, Armen Artwich, Andrzej Gliński, Tomasz Krzyżowski, Marcin Łukasz Majewski, Hripsime Mamikonyan, Tatevik Sargsyan, Edward Tryjarski, Franciszek Wasyl and Andrzej A. Zięba. The aim of the project is to edit and publish the sources contributive to the history of Armenians in Poland between the 14th and 18th centuries. The historical sources are to be translated from Kipchak, Armenian and Latin into Polish. Volumes 1 and 2 comprise of: Zapisy sądu duchownego Ormian miasta Lwowa za lata 1564-1608 (Records from the Spiritual Court of Lwów’s Armenians between 1564-1608), Metryka katedry ormiańskiej we Lwowie za lata 1635-1732 (Lwów Cathedral Baptism Records from 1635-1732) and Zbiórki pieniężne gminy Ormian lwowskich za lata 1598-1637 (Tax Collections of the Armenian Community in Lwów from 1598-1637); volume 3 is to include Travel Notes by Simeon Lehatsi (in Armenian), volume 4 is to include Chronology, or church yearbooks by Stepanos Roshka; volume 5 is to include a translation of A Journey to Poland and other countries where exiles from Ani live by Minas Bzhyshkyan. Volume 6 Nowy Aliszan (New Alishan) references the historical sources collection published in 1896 by Ghewond Alishan, however, volume 6 is a new critical edition with many documents of which Alishan was unaware.

Stare i nowe miasto. Przyszłość bohaterów warszawskich legend

Author(s): Marta Niewieczerzał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

This article presents a comparison of depictions of selected characters from traditional urban legends and their postmodern versions in contemporary Polish children's and YA literature. The analysis herein focuses on Warsaw Legends and characters related to them (the Golden Duck, Wars and Sawa, Basilisk and others). The article outlines problems associated with the future as a category concerning the individual, i.e. specific characters from the Warsaw Legends: how do they change and mature? What kind of future awaits them in the new reality? The article also examines selected narrative strategies aimed at modifying the original in the analyzed texts.

“Tattered Photograph”

Author(s): Ștefan Ionescu Ambrosie / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2018

Identification with events from an imagined Jewish past, especially in the case of an event like the Holocaust, which acts as a major disruption of such roots, can occur vicariously via material (or immaterial) totems, like photographs, stories, behaviors of survivors, serving as a database of memory famously called “postmemory” by Marianne Hirsch. In the case of Jonathan Safran Foer and his debut novel Everything Is Illuminated, a third-generation Jewish-American writing about a highly-fictionalized shtetl of his ancestors, the temptation to fill in the blanks in that history gives way to a magical realist understanding of Jewish life in Western Ukraine and of postmemory, but at the same time sheds light on the difficulties of writing personalized historical fiction vis-a-vis what is considered authentic. This paper delves into the minutiae of Everything Is Illuminated, meaning the novel itself and also the novel-within-the-novel, both of which question the importance of a cohesive intergenerational family narrative in order to achieve a form of closure in the case of a rupture as traumatic as the Holocaust.

Od powstania styczniowego do niepodległości. O lwowskiej inteligencji z powstańczą biografią w tle

Author(s): Lidia Michalska-Bracha / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2018

The main research problem undertaken in the paper is the characteristics of the intelligentsia of Lviv, co-created in the years 1864–1918 by successive generations of participants of national uprisings, including primarily veterans of the January Uprising, exiles and emigrants. Committed in a significant way in the political life at the time, in the activities of social organizations and associations as well as local government bodies, they co-created the social and political face of Galicia in the autonomous era. They played a significant role in formulating ideological programs of political circles and influenced the shape of the main press centers (“Gazeta Narodowa”, “Ruch Literacki”, “Kurier Lwowski”, “Dziennik Literacki”, “Słowo Polskie”). Finally, they were also involved in the scientific and cultural life of Lviv. These issues will be discussed in the broader context of collective fates and individual biographies of representatives of the Lviv intelligentsia about the insurgent pedigree, well-known and completely forgotten figures. The main theses of the paper were formulated on the basis of manuscript collections of Lviv archives and libraries.

Środowisko inteligencji radykalnej na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Próba portretu

Author(s): Marta Sikorska-Kowalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2018

The activists of socialist movement in 19th century underlined that it was created by inteligentsia. In memories we can find a characterisation of several types of inteligentsia and motives which led them to such radical ideological choices. When we try to characterize an environment of radical inteligentsia we are necessarily involved into questions concerning patriotism, independence and Polish nationality. Very important is the relationship to left wing and socialism. Leaving leftism and searching for new ideas was typical for the “generation of disobedient”. Investigation of biographies of leftist political activists, scientists and philanthropists show outstanding people, strongly engaged in social work for a class or local community. Members of radical inteligentsia are often outstanding scientists who additionaly realised social work on great scale. In particular, they realised educational activity, and wide popularisation of severalkinds of knowledge. This attempt at devising a portrait of radical inteligentsia is showing the complex character of biographies of many members of this group. We try to provide an answer for the question: what was the ideological nexus of this generation.

Inteligencja polska w służbie państwowej II Rzeczypospolitej (zarys problematyki)

Author(s): Robert Litwiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2018

Polish intelligentsia shaped over the nineteenth century was to fulfill various tasks. One of the most important was the “state service”, implemented, among others, by working on stateowned posts. The euphoria of the independence regained in 1918 accompanied the concern for the proper organization of a state that did not even have a nationwide government, and several political centers pretended to be in power. The country was destroyed and famished, and the borders had to be marked out by armed forces, despite the fact that there was actually no uniform army. There was no administrative apparatus that would turn economic and social-political life into peaceful work. It is not surprising that the Polish intelligentsia had an important role to play in this case, and the functioning of the state depended primarily on the number and quality of personnel it could have at its disposal. It should be noted that certainly the process of building the state and creating its apparatus have activated a fairly wide circle of professionals and activists among the intelligentsia, who did even titanic work in the difficult conditions of the interwar period, which was visible in the reconstruction and organization of the new Polish state and ensuring conditions for peaceful existence.

W poszukiwaniu sposobów do życia – uwarunkowania społeczno-polityczne kresowej inteligencji urzędniczej w XIX stuleciu. Przypadek Stanisława Dolińskiego

Author(s): Maria Korybut-Marciniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2018

The forming social group – the intelligentsia of Lithuanian-Belarussian lands came from impoverished nobility. The article discusses the legal, social and political conditions, in which the official intelligentsia constituted itself. It shows the determinants of its development and the motives for choosing careers in the Russian administration. He analyzes the social composition of individual administrative officials before the outbreak of the January Uprising. He also cites an example of an official biography of the impoverished nobleman Stanisław Doliński.

Warszawskie salony końca XIX wieku we wspomnieniach Cecylii z Zaleskich Walewskiej

Author(s): Urszula Klemba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2018

Participation in literary salons for years has been a subject of interest for researchers. These article falls within scope of research about Warsaw. Not only that it also focuses on history of women and their role in creation of this phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to present, based on the memories of Cecylia Walewska (1859–1941), salons of Warsaw which she visited, and thus make an attempt to complement information about them. We will find here information about the salon of: Cecylia Walewska, Zofia Mellerowa, Waleria Marrené-Morzkowska, Józefa Konstancja Sawicka, Jadwiga and Alexander Kraushar, Karolina from Wolff and Franciszek Zieliński, Aleksander and Melania Rajchman.

Bronia Baum, „Dziennik z lat 1912–1921”

Author(s): Joanna Lisek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2018

Bronia (Brejndl) Baum (1896–1947) was an orthodox writer, activist and publicist. She was born in a Hasidic family in Tomaszów Mazowiecki. She published poems and articles in Yiddish in “Der Jud”, “Dos Jidisze Togblat”, “Bejs Jakow” and in Hebrew in “Bat Izrael”, “Baderech”. In the family archive among the manuscripts of Bronia Baum from 1912–1921, a diary written in Russian has been preserved. Considering the content and form of records, it can be most accurately described as an intimate diary. The notes of Bronia Baum are a valuable source for research in the field of local Jewish history, especially during the First World War, but also for issues related to Jewish orthodoxy, Zionism and religious feminism.

Historia życiorysami pisana. Słów kilka o typowo-nietypowym słowniku biograficznym Małgorzaty Dajnowicz, Marcina Siedleckiego, Wiesława Wróbla, pt. „Słownik biograficzny kobiet kultury. Białystok i województwo podlaskie”

Author(s): Ewelina Maria Kostrzewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2018

Spotkanie wokół pamiętników profesor Krystyny Śreniowskiej, Łódź, 20 czerwca 2018 r.

Author(s): Małgorzata Karkocha / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2018

Komitet Obywatelski Niesienia Pomocy Biednym w Łodzi – organizacja, struktura, zadania w początkowym okresie I wojny światowej (1914–1915)

Author(s): Joanna Sosnowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2018

In the initial period of the World War I, there were two committees in Lodz with the status of social aid institutions: Główny Komitet Obywatelski miasta Łodzi – GKO (Main Citizens’ Committee of the City of Lodz) and Komitet Obywatelski Niesienia Pomocy Biednym – KONPB (Citizens’ Committee for Providing Aid to the Poor). Both of those organizations were formed virtually at the same time, i.e. on the first days of August 1914, and their activities complemented each other. The first of them took over the function of the city government with a number of competences in administration after Władysław Pieńkowski had left the city; the other one focused its efforts on typical social care for residents, who had suddenly found themselves in a situation of hazard to their safety, life, and health, at the risk of losing the source of income. The main goal of KONPB in the initial phase of the war was to provide material aid to the poorest residents of Lodz; the most important form of support used by the greatest number of people was provision of food. It was used by people of all religions and nationalities. They included, most of all, factory workers with families, people who lost their source of income, families of enlisted reservists, immigrants, homeless people, and those using services of many Lodz philanthropic and social organizations and institutions. This work presents several aspects of KONPB activities, such as the origins, structure, tasks, and financial resources as well as the cooperation and communication with GKO. Lodz citizens’ committees were liquidated by German occupation authorities on 30 June 1915, after almost a year of operations.

Romuald M. Łuczyński, Szlacheckie i arystokratyczne rezydencje w Sudetach Polskich. Sudety Wschodnie i Przedgórze Sudeckie, Wydawnictwo Kartograficzne EKO-GRAF Sp. z o.o., Wrocław 2018, ss. 288

Author(s): Jarosław Kita / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2018

Sprawozdanie z VI Ogólnopolskiej Sesji Naukowej pt. Życie prywatne Polaków w XIX wieku. O mężczyźnie (nie)zwyczajnie, Olsztyn, 4–5 października 2018 r.

Author(s): Urszula Klemba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2018

Eugenics and the Woman Question in the Works of Selected Polish Catholic Humanists in the Period 1918–1939

Author(s): Dominika Jagielska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

In the first half of the 20th century, thinking based on eugenics premises was as common as its critique, which partly resulted from assumption of the perspective of the catholic church by humanists and pedagogues, who built their pedagogical conceptions on social teaching of the Church. The present paper aims at presenting the basic elements of criticism of the eugenics stance from the perspective of Polish catholic educators in the years 1918–1939. Such criticism existed and addressed the fundamental themes characteristic of the Catholic Church’s position, but it was executed, among others – and that’s interesting – from the perspective of women’s “interest”. Although within introduction of the eugenics principles was presented within the circles that accepted it as a way of emancipation, within the above-said environment was treated as a path of demoralization and degradation of the woman as a person.