"Boga hvaliti, puk sabirati, mrtve oplakivati"

Katoličko zvono sa sahat-kule u Foči u sjeveroistočnoj Hercegovini*

Author(s): Ante Škegro / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 2/2016

From all the lands that they ran over with the hooves of their horses, the Ottomans took not merely slaves, but everything they possibly could. Particular targets for their conquering and looting raids were Christian institutions and churches, where they plundered everything they could carry, even including bells from bell towers. Regardless of the reliefs of Christ on the Cross, the Virgin Mary, saints, and inscriptions that often decorated them, they placed them in their clock towers, if they did not melt them down for cannons and ammunition. First they removed the clapper, instead using metal hammers to strike the outside surface of the bell and mark time, in this manner calling the Islamic faithful to prayer.

"Continuities and discontinuities. Educational program of The Planned Parenthood Association in Krakow (1957 – 1993)"

Author(s): Barbara Klich-Kluczewska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

The article presents the program of sexual education prepared and offered by Krakow Branch of the Planned Parenthood Association in the wider context of socio-political situation in Krakow (1956 – 1989). Since the beginning of the Association’s existence, the special attention was paid to the development of educational program, which concerned the different aspects of „family life“. The article is going to answer the questions about its goals, the educational tools used to achieve them and its social targets. To accurately determine the position of the Association in the city‘s community I will analyse its foundation and activities in wider context of the pre-war traditions of the organisation and the activities regarding premarital counselling undertaken by the Krakow Catholic Church.

"La buona figliuola" Carla Goldoniego a "Czekina albo cnotliwa panienka" Wojciecha Bogusławskiego

Author(s): Edyta Grzywaczewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

„La buona figliuola” („The Accomplish’d Maid”) is an opera buffa in three acts by Niccolò Piccinni and Carlo Goldoni. The librettist based his text on Samuel Richardson’s novel „Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded”. It was performed for the first time at the Teatro delle Dame, Rome on 6th February 1760 with an all male cast. It was a big success and „La buona figliuola” took Europe by storm. Every European opera house had this opera in its repertoire. The performances were in: Barcelona, Prague, Vien, Dresden, London, Berlin, Mannheim and Paris. This opera was probably performed even in Beijing by Jesuits in 1778. „La buona figliuola” was so popular in Europe that Stanisław August Poniatowski, the King of Poland, wished it for his coronation ceremony. The performance took place at the National Theatre on 7th August 1765, just five years after the world premiere. This opera was also very popular in Warsaw. People loved the story of a simple and good maid Cecchina. Seventeen years later, Wojciech Bogusławski, the director of the National Theater, translated and adapted Goldoni’s opera and named it „Czekina albo cnotliwa panienka” („Czekina or a Virtuous Maid”). He performed it in 1782 with big success. First of all, the article describes the historical context of the creation of libretto – the Carlo Goldoni’s biography. Next, it presents the story of maid Cecchina and the phenomenon of the description of the Polish theories of translation from the 18th century, the Polish version of the opera – „Czekina or a Virtuous Maid”, is presented. Finally, two versions of the libretto – the Goldoni’s and the Bogusławski’s, are compared.

"Mi magyar dolgozók mindig Benne bíztunk"

Két jelképes temetés a személyi kultusz idején

Author(s): Ilona, L. Juhász / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2017

Joseph­ V.­ Stalin,­ Soviet­ Prime­ Minister­ and­ General­ Secretary­ of­ the­ Central Committee­ of­ the­ Communist­ Party­ of­ the­ Soviet­ Union­ died­ on­ 5­ March­ 1953. Nine­ days­ later­ he­ was­ followed­ by­ Klement­ Gottwald,­ the­ first­ Czechoslovak worker-president,­head­ of­ the Czechoslovak­ Communist­ Party.­ On­ the­ days­ when the­ funerals­ of­ the­ two­ leading­ politicians­ were­ taking­ place,­ symbolic­ funerals were­ held­ on­ the­ command­ of­ the­ Communist­ Party­ in­ the­ municipalities­ of Czechoslovakia­ as­ well.­ This­ study—based­ mainly­ on­ a­ recent­ collection­ carried out­ in­ the­ municipalities­ Dolné­ Saliby,­ Horné­ Saliby­ and­ Rudná,­ and­ on­ the contemporary­ press­ coverage—recalls­ how­ the­ national­ mourning­ manifested itself­ in­ the­ municipalities­ and­ what­ externals­ characterized­ the­ two­ symbolic funerals.­ It­ touches­ upon,­ inter­ alia,­ the­ “spontaneously”­ written­ letters­ published in­ the­ contemporary­ press,­ examines­ the­ memories­ of­ the­ informants­ on­ the contemporary­ events­ and­ shows­ what­ information­ was­ recorded­ in­ the­ chronicles of­ the­ three­ examined­ villages­ on­ those­ days.

"Profesorowie, którzy nie kształtują światopoglądu marksistowskiego, a wzdychają do dawnych czasów”. Epizod z dziejów polskiego szkolnictwa wyższego w okresie stalinowskim na przykładzie lubelskiego UMCS

Author(s): Marcin Kruszynski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

The Stalinist period in Poland was the time of the strongest attempts by the communists to form a new sort of intellectual, in fact, their own intellectual. One who would not independently ‘understand the nature of things,’ but would do so with obedience, pursuant to the will and demands of the party. This metamorphosis, controlled from the top and executed according to the Soviet model, required a desacralization of the ethos of the intellectual whilst, in the stricte academic world - a transformation of universities from the ‘sacrum of knowledge’ into a producer of professionals/specialists. In addition, there appeared the necessity to exchange places in the master-student system, when the latter became the leader, initiating the academic system of a classless society. In practice, this meant a fierce attack on the pre-war academic staff, who were distrustful towards those in power. Young assistants/deputy assistants of a proper social origin (workers or peasants), entering universities by way of educational shortcuts like, for example, Preparatory Study, without a feeling of impropriety or of breaking age-old rules, destroyed the existing academos. They did not feel uncomfortable when breaking the rules since they were intruders in an area which, under normal conditions, they would never have entered. All thesephenomena, as a case study, were portrayed in the example of Maria Skłodowska-CurieUniversity. The significance of that university is that it was founded by a decree of the PolishCommittee of National Liberation and, in that sense, it had at least a symbolic obligation to identify itself with the political system of that time. Such an approach – a case study – also provides an opportunity to take a closer look at the mentality of those who destroyed the old order, the new ‘fierce’ ones who had risen socially in an unprecedented manner.

"Rabovačky" v závere prvej svetovej vojny a ich ohlas na medzivojnovom Slovensku

Author(s): Miloslav Szabó / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2015

In the last days of the First World War soldiers returning home, along with civilians, attacked representatives of the Hungarian state and wealthy individuals, especially Jews. They expelled them from their homes and looted them, or they simply destroyed their property. In some places regular Hungarian troops executed the leaders of these rioters. This study seeks to offer an alternative to the prevailing interpretation of the looting, which emphasize the social or ethnic motivations of the economically and nationally oppressed Slovak rioters. Instead, it examines the reversal of the perpetrators and victims that was carried out not only immediately after the looting had occurred, but repeatedly throughout the whole interwar period. This is to be seen as an expression of the growing anti-Semitism, because the Jews were ultimately accused of the murder of allegedly innocent Slovaks.

"Vráťme si mesto!" Prejavy nespokojnosti "mestského občana" v politickom diskurze v Prešove 1918 - 1938

Author(s): Veronika Szeghy-Gayer / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2015

The paper aims to provide an analysis of the politics of two local interest groups of Prešov, the so-called city parties, as specific forms of middle class dissatisfaction in the interwar period. Based on contemporary election results and archival sources, the first part of the study examines the political behaviour of the inhabitants of Prešov between 1920 and 1935, which helps to determine to what extent the city parties were popular among the multilingual and multi-religious voters. The second part investigates the social composition and the political discourse of the city parties. These local political groups were supported by 10-12% of the voters. Most of their followers were organized among the liberal middle classes, who were not able to identity with the politics of the big parliamentary parties. Their members defined themselves mainly against the Communist and Catholic movement. However, they also criticized the measures of the Czechoslovak government. And at the level of discourse they expressed dissatisfaction with the domestic policy of Czechoslovakia in the form of a virtual community of city burghers, regardless of their ethnic backgrounds. It is argued that because of the high percentage of Hungarian and Jewish intellectuals and entrepreneurs among the leaders and supporters of the local parties, this type of local politics might have been an alternative to the Jewish and Hungarian national politics at a local level.

"Zelené kádry" jako radikální alternativa pro venkov na západním Slovensku a ve středovýchodní Evropě 1917 - 1920

Author(s): Jakub Beneš / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 2/2015

This article explores the phenomenon of the ‘Green Cadres' at the end of the First World War in Austria-Hungary, with a focus on events in western Slovakia 1918-1920. The Green Cadres were bands of army deserters and radicalized peasants who hid in the forests and mountains of the monarchy during the last year of the war and then violently attempted to topple the social-political order in many localities as the state collapsed. The article suggests that they represented both the last major episode of peasant unrest in the region and a radical new attempt by the rural common people to influence the character of national and social politics in the interwar period. The nationalist dimension of this loose social movement appears to have been particularly strong in western Slovakia and may indicate some affiliation with the leaders of Slovak Catholic populism. On the other hand, the inability of nationalist elites to coopt the Green Cadres was in part responsible for their marginalization in narratives of Czechoslovak liberation as well as in contemporary historiography. On the basis of sources in Slovak, Czech, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and German, this study argues that the Slovak case of the Green Cadres fits into a broader transnational phenomenon, which sheds new light on the history of East Central Europe in the twentieth century.

"Завръщането на събитието": приключенията на събитието в историографския и философския дискурс от 70-те години на XX в.

Author(s): Ádám Takács / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2015

"Патриарху крымоведения" посвящается

Author(s): Mikhail M. Choref / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2010

(De)formovanie vidieka v procese kolektivizácie

Author(s): Martina Fiamová / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 1/2016

(Nie)bezpieczeństwo w rodzinie

Author(s): Anna Grabowiec / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Besides the fact that it seems obvious that the majority of the families involve people who love each other, still the researchers agree that the family is the place in which acts of violence unprecedented in other environments take place. They also claim that crimes within the family are some of the most common crimes committed. The UNICEF report concerning the death of children caused by domestic violence or drastic neglect shows Poland to be in the middle of the ranking of 28 developed countries. The report of the WHO shows that over 1/3 of women in the world are victims of violence and majority of them are attacked or harmed by their husbands or partners. This article is an attempt to show the complexity of the domestic violence problem. The author presents in it the forms of violence against children as well as adult family members. Special attention was paid to the very often ignored kind of victimization, namely the children being witnesses of violence between their parents or between other children in the family. The article shows the scale of the domestic violence problem in the light of the empirical research done in Poland and confronted with foreign research results. Special attention was also paid to the situation of a child experiencing violence from his/her relatives. The scale of consequences of the harmful behavior of the parentsis wide and their effects are long-lasting. The child’s aggressive environment provides models of behavior and ways of the instrumental usage of aggression. The victims of domestic violence very often became tormentors reaching for the kinds of behavior that caused them pain and humiliation.

(А)нормалност и „възпитаемост” на учениците: аспекти на училищната хигиена в България през междувоенния период

Author(s): Gergana Mircheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1-2/2016

The article focuses on the students considered difficult to be educated, as a key target of the school politics towards abnormal children in interwar Bulgaria. The aim is to trace the main classification strategies and technologies for normalization of those who deviated from certain medico-psychological and pedagogical norms. In order to reconstruct the profiles of these problematic students, the first part of the article analyzes some general concepts and trends of school mental hygiene. The emphasis of interpretation is put not on the sanitary meanings of school health but on its social preventive agenda, including models of moral health and collective normality. The main concept of abnormality is clarified as signifying pathological and pathologized conditions, which, by reason of their social unacceptability, are subject of normative formula of classification and disqualification. The second part of the article provides typologies of the abnormal students’ classifications and a review of the normalization technologies, as discussed in scholarly and popular-scientific publications. The alleged congenital or socially determined nature of students’ deviations is suggested as a key classification criterion. In relation to it, the analysis considers the influence of constitutional, holistic and eugenic theories, as well as of the special education measures. A conclusion is made that in the interwar period, Bulgarian schools developed as institutions of “biopedagogical surveillance”. The medico-pedagogical strategies towards abnormal students, who were regarded as difficult to educate, demonstrate the increased importance of these students under the framework of state biopolitics.

... a bramki są dwie

Author(s): Marcin Wiatr / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

In the book Wilimowski (Wrocław, 2016) Bosnian writer Miljenko Jergović describes the phenomenon of Silesian identity through the story of Ern(e)st Wil(l)imowski, one of the most outstanding Upper Silesian footballers of the 20th century.

100 години Народно читалище „Братя Миладинови" в Петрич

Author(s): Stoyan Germanov,Vangelia Treneva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2014

Centenary activities of Community Centre "Miladinovi Brothers" are filled with significant educational and cultural events known at home and abroad.

100 години от Балканските войни. Извори и документи. Международна научна конференция, 11 ноември 2013 г. Съставител Ал. Гребенаров. Институт за исторически изследвания – БАН. С., 2015, 664 с. ISBN 978-954-2903-17-8

Author(s): Stoyan Germanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2015

100 години от Карнегиевата анкета

Author(s): Stoyan Germanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2014

In 1914, the world community had the first opportunity to get acquainted with the magnificent work of leading scientists and public figures, the famous „Report of the International Commission for investigation the causes and conducting of the Balkan wars", known as the Carnegie poll.

110 години от Илинденско-преображенското въстание - за общото и различното

Author(s): Aleksandar Grebenarov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2013

Along with the differences between the various organizational units of the territoryin relation to the time and manner of conducting the fighting, Ilinden Uprising and its leaders largely reminiscent of the April Uprising and the apostles of the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee.

110 години от рождението на чл.-кор. проф. Кирил Мирчев, изтъкнат учен по история на българския език

Author(s): Anna Choleva-Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2012

13. Yüzyıl Türk Halk Şİİrİnde Ahlâkİ Anlayış

Author(s): Mehmet Yardimci,Ahmet Zeki Güven / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 64/2010

With Malazgirt Victory in 1071 Turks migration began to Anatolia and Islam had found a new expansion field in the hands of Turks and spreading of Islam in Anatolia had accelerated in the period of Principalities and especially Seljuks, Anatolian Seljuks. But in the 13.centuries Mongolian influence which occurred in Central Asia and then affected to Anatolia, led to people different searches. Mongolians had vandalized where they gone through, therefore; a completely crisis period had began to in Anatolia. Especially in this period most of dervishes who got of Yesevi doctrines had immigrated to Anatolia and began to tell Islam with different ways to the people. This saints who came from Central Asia, dwelled upon to doctrines and emphasized that Islam is not a fear religion it is a love religion,and to fall for love to God rather than fear of God. In this way; this Yesevi dervishes who came from Central Asia, helped to people who fallen into crisis process and easily overcome from this process, also they exposed excellent and experienced human type with the help of advice which they gave to people in their works. In this study, in the century of 13 Religious-Sufism Folk Poetry ethical components were exposed and three great poets were examined who lived in the century of 13, such as Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli, Yunus Emre, Said Emre and also, common components which related with the ethical understandings were classified and commented on finding discoveries.