Еврейският въпрос (1939–1944). Документи от българския дипломатически архив
A presentation of collection of documents "The Jewish Question (1939–1944). Documents from the Bulgarian Diplomatic Archives", edited by A. Kotchankova
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A presentation of collection of documents "The Jewish Question (1939–1944). Documents from the Bulgarian Diplomatic Archives", edited by A. Kotchankova
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This publication considers materials with linguistic issues included in the book of the first anniversary of the magazine "Macedonian Review".
More...Das Leben des Nobelpreisträgers als historische Quelle
Ivo Andrić is mostly known as an author, but he was a political activist as well. It is noteworthy that no other Nobel Prize winner (the case of Winston Churchill taken aside) has been as directly involved in events of international political importance as Andrić. The archives are full of documents supporting this claim.As a young man, he belonged to the movement later known as “Mlada Bosna” and personally knew Gavrilo Princip, the assassin of Franz-Ferdinand. Andrić reached the peak of his political power between 1935 and 1939 as a close aide of Foreign Minister Milan Stojadinović, who was Prime Minister as well and made him his deputy in the Foreign Ministry of the Yugoslav Kingdom.When Stojadinović was ousted in 1939, the new government made Andrić its envoy to Berlin.Hitler received him first in April 1939 and later met him on several occasions. As it was Andrić’s task to secure German arms supplies to the Yugoslav army, he dealt with Hermann Göring aswell.After the war, Andric never set foot on German or Austrian soil again and turned down all invitations coming from these countries, including one from the Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft.The article argues that in detailing Andrićs life, not only can the Yugoslav, but equally the European history of the 20th century in general be told.
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"Where the slopes of the mountains Belasitza and Ograzhden converge and form the Klyuchka ravine, on a hill on the right bank of the river Strumeshnitsa, the Gradishteto is located known amidst the locals as the "Samuil's Fortress".
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This article is devoted to an incompletely studied problem affecting the legal status of the citizenship / nationality of the Bulgarian refugee and migrant families arrived before and especially after September 9, 1944 from the newly annexed in 1941 lands.
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In 1916, Britain and France signed an agreement deals with the future division of the Ottoman Empire. This agreement, known as the Sykes – Picot Agreement, after its two designers, the British Sir Mark Sykes and the French François George Picot, is seen up today as the main act which created the modern Middle East and responsible for some of its problems. The article present here point to another act, the decision of the newly established League of Nation to create the Mandate System and , following it, the San Remo decision of April 1920 giving the Mandates concerning the Arab Middle East to France and Britain, as the main designer of the division of the Middle East to its present form.
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During discussions about diversity of people and cultures of the American Continent,the existence of Romani people is systematically forgotten. It could be proved by a declaration signed by Romani representatives during The Forum of the Americas for Diversity and Plurality i n Q uito 2001 which reflects a lack of profoundresearch upon Roma minorities in the New World, and Latin America in particular. The Roma community in the Americas, estimating a population of over 4 million people, is still immersed in invisibility. The work is focused on migrations of Roma people to Latin America and North America. It presents three important periods of European history (colonization of New World, mass migration of Europeans in themid 19th and 20th centuries, Soviet period and the after math) which had a crucial influence on Roma and their journey through the Atlantic.During discussions about diversity of people and cultures of the American Continent,the existence of Romani people is systematically forgotten. It could be proved by a declaration signed by Romani representatives during The Forum of the Americas for Diversity and Plurality in Quito 2001 which reflects a lack of profound research upon Roma minorities in the New World, and Latin America in particular. The Roma community in the Americas, estimating a population of over 4 million people, is still immersed in invisibility. The work is focused on migrations of Roma people to Latin America and North America. It presents three important periods of European history (colonization of New World, mass migration of Europeans in themid 19th and 20th centuries, Soviet period and the after math) which had a crucial influence on Roma and their journey through the Atlantic.
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Sir Robert Filmer was an English political theorist who defended absolutism and the divine right of kings criticizing Hobbes, Milton, Grotius, Bellarimine, Suarez and Aristotle. Filmer’s theory is founded upon the statement that the government of a family by the father is the true origin and model of all government. In the beginning God gave authority to Adam, who had complete control over his descendants, even over life and death itself. In his point of view the king is perfectly free from all human control, he cannot be bound by the acts of his predecessors, for which he is not responsible; nor by his own, for it is impossible that a man should give a law to himself – a law must be imposed by another upon the person bound by it. In the Article the Author argues that Filmer’s argument is perfect, complete but the last defense of unlimited royal power in the age of destruction of natural political authority.
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The Aegean Basin, BC Since I millenium, police (city-states) in the historical process that can be called the first stage of political power 'basileus' called was in the hands of the king. The police, in the ancient world, western culture-specific geo-political and a social unit, BC 8. together with the century has been the model of a new political authority and society. This model was different from the system of the East. The autocratic system of the Eastern world; abstracted from public and political life of a paid army subordinate of the king of the gods and a central apparatus officers, constituted the backbone of socio-political structure.The police is beyond the exclusive properties of the implementation of direct democracy, free (Eleuthera), independent (autonomie) and self-sufficient (autherki) unit were. Western Anatolia and Greece (Hellas) in the landscape, resulting in a fragmented topography of the core structure of the police, which called on behalf of Oikos 'Family Business' was created. Relative to the police (city-states) was the product of this core structure come together in appropriate circumstances and expansion. Narrower than in Western Anatolia in Ionia with a geographical name, the police have completed basic restructuring processes, BC In the 6th century they began to experience the most advanced and mature period and a specific 'spatial patterns of socio-political' evolved into. This mold, Mesopotamia, all intellectual and cultural heritage of Anatolia and Egypt was formulated in a new philosophical and scientific level, as already established historical foundations of the modern Western mind, marital value of mainly old age, the Western Anatolia and the Aegean was moved by police .In this study, the constant as an argument to the geopolitics of the police and the police, highlighting the special geography where Western Anatolia in a natural and bears a date of their intention to shed light on the development.
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Ništa se toliko ne čini drevnije i povezanije sa pradavnom prošlošću od ceremonijala koji okružuje britansku monarhiju u javnim svečanim manifestacijama. No, kao što će poglavlje u ovoj knjizi utvrditi, u svojoj modernoj formi ono je proizvod kasnog devetnaestog i dvadesetog stoljeća. “Tradicije” koje se čine ili se za njih tvrdi da su stare, često su poprilično skorašnjeg porijekla, a nekad i izmišljene. Svako ko je upoznat sa koledžima drevnih britanskih univerziteta može misliti o instituciji takvih “tradicija” na lokalnoj razini, premda neke - poput godišnjeg Festivala Nine Lessons i Carols u kapeli Kraljevskog koledža Cambridge na Badnje veče - mogu postati generalizirane pomoću modernog masovnog radio medija. Ovo zapažanje predstavljalo je ishodište konferencije u organizaciji historičarskog časopisa Past and Present, koji, sa svoje strane, predstavlja osnovu za ovu knjigu.
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The paper studies the history of two peoples: the Denteletai are defined as a Thracian tribe, the Agrianes – as a Paionian tribe. It can be assumed that the Denteletai preserved their independence during the campaign of Philip ІІ in the Hebros valley in 342–341 BC, because they remained aside from the military activities, but for some reason they entered in contact with the Macedonian king who reigned over the Hebros valley, where he founded Philippopolis. One possible explanation of their fixing in writing by the ancient authors can also be sought in their possible participation in the rebellion of the Maidoi in 340 BC. The Denteletai were last mentioned under Dio Cassius in 16 BC, when they attacked the Macedonia Province together with the Skordiskoi, but were defeated by Rome.There are different hypotheses on the ethnic belonging of the Agrianes: some researchers believe that people to have been Paionian, others – Thracian. However, the oldest sources define the Agrianes as Paionians, and when they are mentioned together with the Thracians, they are always differentiated from them. The earliest reference to the Agrianes is in Thucydides in connection with the march of the King of the Odrysae Sitalkes in 429 BC. According to Stephanus Byzantinus, the Agrianes were attested as far back as in Theopompos, but unfortunately he does not specify where that reference is to be found in his writings. The Agrianes apparently fell under the power of Sitalkes during one of his earlier military campaigns. They took part in the march of the Odrysian king in Macedonia as his subjects. In 335 BC, when Alexander ІІІ returned from his campaign against the Triballoi across the lands of the Agrianes and the Paiones, he received information that the Illyrians were out of the game, but the Autariatai were preparing an ambush. After 169 BC, the Agrianes are not mentioned in the ancient sources. They were probably absorbed by the autochthonous Thracian population, who assimilated what was left of them.
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A systematic analysis is made in the paper on the results of the research and analysis of the culture, social structure, political and state life, and the religion of the tribes living in Northeastern Thrace during the antiquity, with special attention focused on some fundamental aspects: the process of social differentiation during the fifth and the first half of the fourth millennium BC; the Varna Eneolithic necropolis; the evidence of the ancient authors on the customs and lifestyle of the indigenous population; the campaign of Darius I; the participation of Getae in the army of Sitalkes; the march of Alexander the Great; the rule of Dromichaites and later of Burebista; the Roman conquest; the policy of Decebalus; the Thracian religiousness known as Thracian Orphism connected with the cult of the anthropodaimon Zalmoxis; the treasure from Borovo and other archaeological monuments. The archaeological reality corresponds to the evidence of Homer, Herodotus, Strabo and others. The author rejects as speculative the hypothesis on the existence of the so-called “Thracian-Cymmerian” antiquity in the 8th–7th century BC, and he also rejects the view on the “zoomorphic” style in Thracian art as a simple borrowing from the Scythians or their influence, launching instead the more plausible idea of similarities in the art of the Thracians and of the other ethnic and cultural communities in Eurasia. The conclusion reached is that the lands of Northeastern Thrace were an area of dynamic contacts. The author concludes that Northeastern Thrace was one of the centres of historical and cultural synthesis in Southeastern Europe in the second and first millennium BC.
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The paper presents a detailed analysis of various written evidence and archaeological data testifying to the appearance of cavalry and its function both in warfare and as a social phenomenon in view of its role of attribute of the aristocracy. The study is structured in several principal sub-themes connected with the emergence of the cavalry on the historical scene, the earliest written evidence on a cavalry in Western Asia (Urartu and Assyria in particular), the earliest images of horsemen from Thrace are examined, as well as the earliest written evidence related to the functioning of a cavalry in ancient Thrace. In conclusion, the author stresses that the cavalry appeared in Western Asia at the beginning of the first millennium BC, and was consolidated and perfected during the 9th–7th centuries BC. Its appearance and perfectioning in Thrace are dated to the 8th-6th centuries BC, which is evidenced by the early types of bridles found, and later also by images and written sources suggesting the consolidation of the cavalry during the 6th–5th centuries BC. Its role as a social phenomenon is emphasised, because it was a privilege of the aristocracy. And its emergence and development are associated precisely with its social role.
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The author shows the basic elements and tools for implementing security and defense policy of the European Union. She poses questions about the dependence of the Union's policy and its impact on the conflict in Ukraine. The analysis of subsequent events enables to make conclusions and show irregularities. Two years after the bloody protests the analysis goes from hybrid war to creeping conflict.
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Centenary activities of Community Centre "Miladinovi Brothers" are filled with significant educational and cultural events known at home and abroad.
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