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Sándor Vadász was 80 years old in 2010. His colleagues greeted him with studies. At the end of the volume there is an interview with professor Vadász about his life.
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The book publication is work collection of Slovak and Czech scholars and pedagogues participating in research project solving related to Scientific Grant Agency of Slovak Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic (VEGA) named “Radical socialism and communism in Slovakia during 1918 – 1989. Society between democracy and totalism” that was implemented during 2004 – 2006 in Slovakia. It is a follow-up to previous publications published in the framework of scientific project solving and in wider context also a follow-up to the project “KSČ and radical socialism in Czechoslovakia (1918 – 1989)” implemented during 2002 – 2005 in Czech Republic (headed by prof. Z. Kárník). The publication tries to revive the problem that disappeared from Slovak historic literature in last decade. Single authors of the publication offer current view on history of left-wing political extreme that was reduced to Czechoslovak Communistic Party (KSČ) history or history of communistic and workman movement intentionally before 1990. They were also profaned under this title as a whole. Today, the topic finds its authors again who devote to it under democratic conditions independently and systematically and look for adequate methods, stipulate scientific priorities and create a wide publication space. Such effort is also related to submitted publication focusing on more known or less known aspects of examined problem and enriches it in new views, observations and results of scientific research in this way. It deals with whole scale of historic problems and among others refers to: Building of Communistic International in the environment of newly created conditions in Central and Eastern Europe in early 20s of 20th century considering ideological ethos and use of legal and illegal methods related to socialistic movement formation, so called International Bolsevism and its influence on communistic groups in Czechoslovakia included communistic intellectuals´ activities; Activity and functioning of Slovak Communistic Party (KSS) in political system of first Czechoslovak Republic in 20s and 30s of 20th century also in the lights of parliamentary election results; Organization constitution, structure of KSS in first years after 2nd World War – in the period of power fight striving in takeover of power in the country and efforts to establish totalitarian communistic regime and its activity related to liquidation of political opponents on regional level and in the area of popular judicature; Preconditions and ambitions of anti-communistic resistance movement and single groups in postwar period included the activity of anti-Bolsevic armed troops of Ukrainian Insurgent Army (co called Banderovci) coming from abroad and implementing anti-Soviet, anti-socialistic and anti-communistic propaganda in Slovak territory during 1945 – 1946; Position of national minorities (German, Hungarian and Ruthenian/Ukrainian) in totalitarian communistic society (after 1948); Problems related to monetary and social politics (1953) and cultural intellectual groups´ attitudes in post-Stalin period; Political background related to G. Husák´s installation to the function of first secretary of KSČ party in the intent of reintroduction of conservative communistic power in 1969 – at the beginning of “normalization” process in Czechoslovakia. Thus, the publication complements existing knowledge and brings new views to wide-scale problem of political extreme in the form of radical socialism and communism in Czechoslovakia during 1918 – 1989. It tries to start social discussion about historic fragments (often controversial) modern Czechoslovak or Slovak history of 20th century considering historic eye-opener that left-wing (as well as right wing) political extreme cannot be underestimated and it is not possible to know democratic society by the means of exiling extreme movements to spheres out of interest.
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The book presents the results of new research in Slovak history in the field or period called “the long 19th century”, i.e. dating from the rule of Joseph II. in the late 18th century until the First World War. The focus of research was on the themes and domains which were either neglected in the past or needed reconsidering. The book centres on five fields and is composed of five chapters. The first chapter is called “The Nation and the national issue”. It presents new aspects by exploring one of the most principal themes of 19th century. In his study, László Vörös reflects about the modern concept of the nation, which won recognition by the most contemporary historians, ethnologists and sociologists: the nation as an imagined community and an imagined tradition which is connected with the modernisation epoch. Nationalism is specifically an urban phenomenon. In the Slovak historiography, the national movement had been explored mostly in the rural area, in the peasant milieu, because the majority of the Slovak ethnic population was composed of peasants. Eva Kowalská aimed to change this perspective and concentrated on explaining urban aspects of Slovak nationalism. In case of Slovakia, these aspects are more interesting since the Slovaks in the 19th century had no important central city, and only small towns in the countryside (like Turčiansky Sv. Martin), had tried to compensate this lack. In his contribution, Peter Macho summarises how the symbol of the Tatra mountains as well as other Slovak geographic-territorial symbols were present in the Slovak nationalist discourse. Peter Šoltés elaborates on the theme and the activities of the Slovak Evangelical intelligentsia in the first half of the 19th century. The second chapter “The National movement in foreign and domestic politics” deals with the important connection of nationalism and politics. Slovak foreign political thought was traditionally orientated toward the Russian Empire. In his contribution, Dušan Kováč shows the other side of the Slovak foreign orientation: their attitude to the Western powers England and France. Dušan Škvarna attempts at a reconsideration of the role and inspiring function of the Slovak National Council, established during the 1848 revolution. The Swiss political scientist Josette Baer, a specialist in the field of Slavonic and lately mainly of Slovak political thought, presents her analysis of the early political activities of Vavro Šrobár (an important personality of Slovak politics in the 20th century), especially his leading role in the so-called “Hlasist movement”. The third chapter is dedicated to the juridical system and economic issues. Tomáš Gábriš presents a very useful survey of the juridical system in Hungary and its changes in the era of modernization during the 19th century. His paper shows that in Hungary the tendency to modernize was clashing with very difficult obstacles, mainly ideological and political ones. The attempt to create the centralised “nation state” in Hungary restrained the most important liberal-democratic reforms of the juridical system. In her contribution, Eva Ondrušová deals with the traditional studies of economic cameralism and its influence on the economic theory and practise in the 19th century. Ľudovít Hallon and Miroslav Sabol follow the history of the Pittel and Brausewetter architectural company, which was much closely connected with and active in the very broad Pressburg (Bratislava) area. Very new themes are presented in the forth chapter named “Society, social life and environment”. Gabriela Dudeková outlines the system of poor relief in the Habsburg monarchy; her focus is on the mechanisms how the authorities denied social care to specific groups in Hungary. Slovak emigration to America is a very traditional issue in Slovak historiography. Igor Harušťák tries to consider this problem in the broader Central- and East-European context. Prior to 1989, research about the nobility as a social strata was neglected in Slovak historiography. Even after 1989, this theme was intensively researched mainly in the period of middle ages and the early modern times. However, from the social point of view, important and interesting issues are e. g. the nobility’s life style as well as the attempts of these “high society” members to preserve their status in the modern 19th century. Daniel Hupko deals with these issues focussing on the example of Lucia Wilczek. Roman Holec presents a completely new approach in his contribution about the changes in the relationship ‘man – animal’ as manifestation of a new attitude to nature during the 19th century. The last chapter of this volume is dedicated to “The Churches in the social – modernizing processes “.Ingrid Kušniráková analyses the controversial interferences of Joseph II. into the life of the Roman Catholic Church, especially the closing-down of some cloisters. Tomáš Králik focuses on the relations of the Vienna court to the St. Elisabeth convent in Pressburg (Bratislava). The chapters of this collective monograph will serve as a basis for the draft of a new synthetis on Slovak history in the “long 19th century”.
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Bratislav Ivanov is a Bulgarian author of works in areas of linguistics and culture of Japan and a translator from Japanese language. He graduated in Japanese Language and Literature from the Moscow State University. He took his specialization at the Japanese Language Institute. He is the author of many Japanese language articles and books, as well as a series of translations of classical Japanese poetry. He is the first classical Japanese language teacher at Sofia University. Bratislav Ivanov teaches Theoretical Grammar of Japanese Language at Sofia University and Veliko Tarnovo University "St. St. Cyril and Methodius". At present, he is the director of the Bulgarian-Japanese Educational and Cultural Center at the 18th School "William Gladstone" in Sofia. In 2009, Bratislav Ivanov was awarded the oldest Japanese Order - the Order of the Rising Sun - for contributions to the Japanese language studies and his teaching in Bulgaria.
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The subject o f this scholarly meeting is summarized in its title which gives the best possible formula of all topics dealt with in the said projects. Our goal is to see that, after the first year of work on the projects, these two research and education institutions organize a transparent conference which would provide access to the entire experience related to the project activities and to the results achieved by the research workers after a year-long effort. In the course o f such presentations, a need will arise for a critical overview and discourse o f all the issues and dilemmas encountered hitherto by the scholars. From the very start o f the sign-up period, in July 2001, the problems have, unfortunately, emerged in the formulation of entries in pursuance of the instructions in the project registration form. These were not the only nor the biggest problems. A prolonged waiting for the foreign reviews and for the allocation of research time, which w as considerably reduced as concerns our Institute, resulted in a 30% reduction of funding, and in a year-long struggle to get reimbursement for direct material expenses. Everyone is aware that such projects in the humanities, which have then special national significance, cannot be even conceived o f without fieldwork. As a matter o f principle, it should be pointed out here that the attitude to the humanities has, in the case o f our projects, proved inadequate. After this first year o f research work, in which a number o shortcomings has crystallized as being inappropriate to the nature and spirit o f the humanities, we do hope that in the ensuing stages such shortcomings will be eliminated. W e expect understanding and support from our financier. I am sure that today ’s presentations, a long with the afore said, and in combination with individual experiences acquired by the scholars during their research work in 2002, w ill yield a fruitful discussion which, as a rule, is the best achievement of such symposia.
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Upravo doneti Zakon kojim se rehabilituju svi “ideološki” protivnici komunizma, počinje sa datumom od 6. aprila 1941. što je istovremeno i njegov najzanimljiviji deo. Imali smo priliku da slušamo predlagače i zagovornike zakona1 koji su svojom srčanom odbranom ratnih “ideoloških” protivnika komunizma, nedvosmisleno potvrdili da je čitava stvar i smišljena isključivo zbog njih, a da ih oni posle 1945. ustvari i ne zanimaju, odnosno, da su samo “kolateralna šteta” pokušaja rehabilitacije kvislinga iz vremena Drugog svetskog rata. Saopštili su nam i da bi čitav komunistički period trebalo jednostavno proglasiti zločinačkim čime bi, misle oni, po automatizmu bili rehabilitovani svi njegovi “ideološki” protivnici, a oni ratni proglašeni borcima za pravednu stvar. Zato možemo očekivati da će (kao što se već desilo sa četnicima) ovog puta “demokratama” biti proglašeni nedićevci i ljotićevci, pa će po automatizmu “demokrate” postati i balisti, hortijevci, ustaše, i na kraju, sam nemački Rajh. Svi oni zaista jesu bili “ideološki” protivnici komunizma, ali je, sasvim sigurno, Hitler bio najveći. Zato nije slučajno danas, njihov “ideološki” antikomunizam i početak i kraj svake argumentacije, uz prećutkivanje da su kao protivnici komunizma bili i aktivni protivnici celokupne antihitlerovske koalicije čiji je komunizam bio sastavni deo. Prećutkuje se i da je njihov “ideološki” antikomunizam u tadašnjem shvatanju pojma podrazumevao veličanje nacizma, antidemokratiju, i na prvom mestu, antisemitizam, “slučajno”, baš u vreme kada su milioni Jevreja ubijani u “Velikom Nemačkom Rajhu”.
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Događa se da neki stvaraoci u nauci dobiju još za života izabrana i sabrana dela. Nekima se to dogodi vrlo pozno, a nekima nikada. Delo onih stvaralaca koje smrt pokosi u naponu snage, kada njihovo delo još nije fizički doseglo obim izabranih i sabranih dela, najčešće ostane rasuto i bez uvida u njegovu celinu, biva čitano parcijalno, samo iz profesionalnih potreba, u vrlo uskom krugu posvećenih. Više razloga deluje na odnos jedne kulture, jedne naučne zajednice, prema pojedinačnom udelu u njoj. Ima, dakako, efemernih rezultata, i što je kultura bogatija, margina je zbog oštrijih kriterija veća. Ima i nemara, ali i profesionalnog egoizma, lične surevnjivosti i taštine, često u kombinaciji sa manjom ili većom pozicijom u društvenoj moći. Međutim, postoji i spontana, samopodrazumevajuća marginalizacija određenog stvaralaštva. Ona potiče iz dugotrajne koncentracije na zadate ciljeve kakvi su, najpre za usmenu istoriju a zatim i za srpsku istoriografiju, bez sumnje bili i ostali – oslobođenje i ujedinjenje srpskog naroda u jednu državu. Iz perspektive nacionalne ideologije, monističko mišljenje o istoriji naroda predstavlja conditio sine qua non ostvarenja pomenutih ciljeva. Samim tim, odstupanje od njega je izdaja a najmanje što njemu sleduje je zaborav.
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Desimirov dobar prijatelj Ivan D. Pajić, dugogodišnji, sve do svoje smrti, saradnik „Naše reči“, za Desimira će reći da je „intelektualni skeptik“ i „ubeđeni realista“, a Aleksandar Lebl da je „bio – a izgleda i ostao – umnogome naivan i idealist“. Aleksa Đilas za Tošića kaže da je „politički realista“, dok ga Dejan Đokić, naziva „nesentimentalnim idealistom“. Šta je ovde istina, ko je pogrešio. Po svoj prilici, tačno je i jedno i drugo; to jest, u ovom malom srpskom Rašomonu – svi su u pravu. Tošić je zbilja u sebi potpuno prirodno spajao te (naoko) suprotnosti.
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„Ipak je to specifičan fenomen“, rekla je građanka mužu. „Otkako je počela predizborna kampanja, kandidati za funkciju predsjednika Hrvatske bez prestanka govore o drugoj državi.“ „O kojoj drugoj državi?“ upitao je suprug.
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This anthology book is published on the occasion of the bicentennial of the birth of Friedrich Engels, an exceptional thinker and theorist of the revolution. Editors Maroje Višić and Miroslav Artić gathered renowned domestic and international scientists who tried to reevaluate Engels' works and his scientific contribution. The idea behind the book is to point out the everlasting value and significance of Engels’ revolutionary philosophy. Contributing authors offered analytical reading of Engels' ideas, addressing pressing issues in economics, politics, religion, feminism, ideology and in other segments of contemporary society. The papers in an anthology are organized under the chapters: The Reception of Engel’s Philosophy, Actuality of Engels Today with subchapters on working-class and precariat, peasantry as the subject of change, early Christianity as an inspiration; and the last chapter is Revalorization of Family and State. The first chapter tackles the questions if Engels was more than an interpreter of Marx or simply the first Marxist who contributed to the banalization of Marx. It then investigates reception of Engels’ philosophy in ex-Yugoslavia specifically and in philosophical theory in general. The second chapter demonstrates actuality and relevance of Engels today by discussing the topics of working-class and precariat, by making comparison between early industrial society and contemporary society and by tracking development of socialism from utopia to a science. Chapter also deals on the peasantry whose role as a subject of change is thoroughly problematized. Special part of the chapter is dedicated to the influence of the practice of early Christianity on the formation of Engels’ revolutionary idea and to what extent original Christian community served affected the development of Engels’ thought. Final chapter brings papers that, under new circumstances, re-examine the understanding of the state-family relation and their dynamic. This comprehensive anthology attempted to revalorize and appraise Engels’ own contribution to science and philosophy 200 years after his birth. For this it was necessary to “divorce” Engels from Marx so that the fallacy of statement that Engels was second violin to Marx becomes striking.Chapter one tackle the question of whetherEngels was more than an interpreter of Marx or simply the first Marxist to contribute to the banalization of Marx.= Engels' reception is then examined both in the former Yugoslavia and in philosophical theory in general.Special part of the chapter is dedicated to influence of the practice of early Christianity on the formation of Engels’ revolutionary idea. That is, to what extent the examples of the original Christian communities influenced the development of Engels' thought
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U ovoj knjizi donosimo transkript nekoliko izlaganja sa konferencije koju je Documenta organizirala u Zagrebu u rujnu 2013. godine s ciljem predstavljanja višegodišnjeg snimanja i objave intervjua na web stranici www.osobnasjecanja.hr. Uz komentare i pitanja nekih od sudionika konferencije, u knjizi možete pročitati uvodni tekst koji je na konferenciji izložila urednica kolekcije Maja Dubljević, te transkript izlaganja Vesne Jakumetović iz Vukovara, Ane Raffai iz Zagreba, te Đorđa Gunjevića iz Pakraca. Predstavljamo vam i dvije studije slučaja u kojima su korišteni snimljeni intervjui - studiju slučaja publicistkinje i istraživačice, Vesne Kesić „Španovica / Novo selo / Španovica: Znalo se? Nije se znalo?“ te studiju slučaja povjesničara Marka Smokvine “Stara Gradiška kao paradigma hrvatske povijesti 20. stoljeća”.
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An intellectual biography of one of the most influential Chinese political and social thinkers at the turn of XIXth/XXth centuries.
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The lexicon is divided into four chapters. The first one is a detailed introduction, where we present a professional background of our topic, the significance of our research, the structure of our work, as well as the used literature and sources, in addition to an overview of the Arab-Hungarian relations. In the second and longest chapter, we portray biographies of the Arab personalities. In the third one, we examine the most important historical events in the Arab world, such as the Arab-Israeli wars, the nationalization of the Suez Canal, and the parallel crisis of 1956. In the last chapter, we briefly introduce concepts related to the stories and biographies found in the volume.Only a few results of Arabic historiography have been integrated into modern Hungarian research. Therefore, we consider it a priority to fill this gap. The aim of this work is to create a lexicon in which we gather – in the form of articles – the most eminent Arab personalities (approximately 1000), who were/are decisive in political, economic, military or even cultural life and others associated with the Arab world.
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Ideja o pisanju knjige i pokretanju projekta o srpsko-albanskim odnosima javila se, kako to na Balkanu često biva, u kafani (koja je, doduše, u neposrednoj blizini Narodne biblioteke Srbije). Pošto su se u Betonu pojavili tekstovi Milana Miljkovića o predstavljanju Albanaca u srpskoj štampi i Aleksandra Pavlovića o figuri Turčina kao neprijatelja, Milan je uz čašicu predložio da se inicira projekat koji bi okupio srpske i albanske intelektualce, teoretičare i teoretičarke u oblasti društvenih nauka koji bi zajedno obrađivali srpsko-albanske odnose. Verovatno je najčešći način borbe protiv politika neprijateljstva začudna i retka politika prijateljstva. Tako je bilo i u slučaju Aleksandra Pavlovića i Rigelsa Halilija, koji su zbog sličnosti u naučnim temama i interesovanjima najpre uspostavili „naučno pobratimstvo“, a ubrzo došli i do nekolicine drugih srpskih i albanskih kolega zainteresovanih da učestvuju u ovom projektu. Da sve ne ostane na kafanskoj priči (što na Balkanu takođe često biva) zasluga je i urednikā Betona, prevashodno Saše Ćirića, koji je kumovao projektu i knjizi predloživši njen naziv Figura neprijatelja: preosmišljavanje srpsko-albanskih odnosa, a obezbedio je i pomoć prevodilačke mreže Traduki koja je odmah prihvatila da sufinansira prevođenje tekstova sa srpskog na albanski jezik i obrnuto. Usledilo je nekoliko neuspelih inicijativa sa domaćim institucijama – naši prijatelji iz albanskog Ministarstva kulture rekli su nam da misle da za ovako nešto još nije vreme, a na konkursu srpskog Ministarstva kulture uprkos obimnoj dokumentaciji koju smo poslali u traženih 7 (i slovima sedam) primeraka (!), projekat na godišnjem konkursu nije dobio ni dinara. Za razliku od rečenih institucija, kolege iz Instituta za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju, pogotovo sadašnje koordinatorke projekta i kourednice ove knjige Gazela Pudar Draško i Adriana Zaharijević, uz mentorstvo Petra Bojanića, založile su se za projekat i značajno ojačale prvobitnu aplikaciju, koja je zatim podržana u okviru švajcarskog Programa za promociju istraživanja na zapadnom Balkanu koji finansira Švajcarska agencija za razvoj i saradnju, na čemu im dugujemo veliku zahvalnost. Pored IFDT-a i KPZ Beton, saradnici na projektu su i „Ćendra multimedija“ („Quendra Multimedia“) iz Prištine, koja je 2011. godine zajedno sa KPZ Beton objavila antologije Iz Prištine, s ljubavlju (o savremenoj kosovskoj literaturi na albanskom jeziku) i Iz Beograda, s ljubavlju (o savremenoj prozi mlađih autora u Srbiji), i „Poeteka“ iz Tirane, ugledni izdavački i kulturni centar koji kontinuirano objavljuje prevode savremene i ranije srpske književnosti na albanski jezik.
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On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the death of Dr. Franjo Tuđman, the first director of the Institute for the History of the Workers' Movement of Croatia and the first president of the independent, contemporary and democratic Republic of Croatia, the Croatian Institute of History organized a scientific conference on December 10 and 11, 2009. Dr. Franjo Tuđman in Croatian Historiography. Although Dr. F. Tuđman is better known and more interesting to the general public as a politician and statesman, and although his work as a historian and politician is difficult to separate, the organizers of the scientific conference focused on the work of Dr. F. Tuđman as a historian, wanting scientists, primarily historians and political scientists, from scientific novices to academics, sine ira et studio, through selected topics to approach a comprehensive questioning of the significance and influence of Dr. F. Tuđman on the historiography of modern Croatian history.
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There are very few books on Croatian history in English, especially those covering the entire history of Croatia and the Croats from prehistory to the present day. For this reason, the researchers at the Croatian Institute of History, the largest and most important historiographical institution in the Republic of Croatia, decided to write a history according to the best academic standards, i.e. objectively and impartially described, and explain the most important processes, events, movements, organizations, political parties, and individuals in Croatian history that significantly influenced its course. The many centuries of Croatian presence in this area at the crossroads of Central and South-Eastern Europe have been crucially determined by the constant interaction of Croats with their immediate and more distant neighbours. It is equally important to keep in mind that the supreme political (state) centre of the Croats and the Croatian state was not always within the Croatian ethnic and political area. Consequently, the political, social, and economic development of the Croats was often influenced by external factors, so it is sometimes difficult for the uninitiated reader to understand the main historical factors and causes that have unquestionably shaped Croatian history until the present day.
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The international scientific conference "Dissidence in Contemporary History" was held on November 19, 2009, at the Croatian Institute of History in Zagreb. The conference was organized by the institute's project "Power and Society: The Communist System of Governance in Croatia 1945-1990", and the immediate impetus for its organization was given by Mr. Daniel Ivin. The organizing committee conceived of the topic of dissidence to be approached exclusively analytically, with an emphasis on the following questions: methodological problems, historical-political framework, the system in Croatia and Yugoslavia, the attitude of foreign countries towards dissidents, individuals, social groups and movements in Croatia, the relationship between politics and culture and "case studies".
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Some time ago, Dr. sc. Milan Kruhek, a former director and longtime employee of the Croatian Institute of History, turned seventy. With his dedicated scientific work, as well as his many years of leading the Department of Medieval History at the Croatian Institute of History, Dr. sc. Milan Kruhek has gained a reputation, both in Croatia and abroad, as one of the leading experts on Croatian medieval and early modern history. Precisely for this reason, and at the suggestion of the employees of the Department of Medieval History, the director of the Croatian Institute of History, Dr. sc. Jasna Turkalj, decided to honor him with a collection of papers in his honor.
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The book before you is dedicated to our dear colleague and friend Zef Mirdita. In this way, we want to thank him for his exceptionally fruitful, almost 50-year scientific work, and especially for the days he has spent and still spends with us at the Croatian Institute of History in Zagreb from 1993 to the present day. Professor Mirdita has also been an honorary member and advisor of the Albanian Institute (Albanisches Institut) in St. Gallen (Switzerland) since its foundation in 2002. Although he retired in 2004, the scientific community of the Croatian Institute of History will always consider him its distinguished member whose research results are an indispensable part of not only Croatian and Albanian but also European historiography. His life and scientific path took place (and still actively takes place) between Croatia and Albanians (especially Kosovo).
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