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Одмах чим се зађе у унутрашњост Далмације, из њених приморских градова, долази се у крај гдје живи ≫Мурле≪, ≫Вла’≪, ≫тежачина≪, — насљеђујући те називе далматинске ≫Сињорије≪ за ≫Морлаке≪, пастире и себре, са којима се једнако тепа ≫кршћанима≪ и ≫’ришћанима≪, ≫ркаћима≪ и ≫буњевцима≪, и једнако третира крст и некрст у Далматинској Загори.
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In the paper extracted, analysed and commented on is the anthroponymic data of the people baptised in two baptismal registry books of the parish of Jablanac in the period from 1860 to 1895,which has been recorded on microfilm and available on the website www.familysearch.org.
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Die Umweltprobleme in Bratislava/Preßburg nehmen allmählich eine neue Qualität an. Resümee: Hoffen wir, daß es noch schlimmer wird, damit endlich etwas geschieht. Ein Bericht von Jan Budaj.
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The main goal of this article is to analyse literary representation of Lithuanian responsibility for Holocaust in Lithuania in the novel of Sigitas Parulkis Darkness and Company (Polish edition 2020) in the context of modern Lithuanian history politics – especially the reception style of prose on the Jewish-Lithuanian relations and the politics of memory. Vital context is also provided by the novel Izaokas (written between 1960 and 1961) by the emigrant writer Antanas Škėma, which hasn’t been translated into Polish, yet which can be treated – as the author attempts to prove – as one of the crucial hipotexts of Darkness and Company. The comparative reading of both texts leads to the conclusion that – despite society’s expectations – Darkness and Company isn’t a “revisionist” work and it isn’t supposed to be mainly read from the ethical perspective, but rather from the epistemological and psychological one instead. This stands in contrast to Izaokas, where the reader’s attention is directed towards the sphere of ethics and metaphysics; while the main theme of Izaokas – which seems to be an interesting example of an experimental modernist novel – is memory, the postmodernist Darkness and Company focuses on post-memory.
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The paper presents and examines two localities – Gojlo and Kutina in Croatia – and their spatial, temporal, material, and social transformations throughout the twentieth century to the present. The two localities are linked geographically and by a “shared fate” – as planned cities/settlements for industrial purposes and the extraction of natural resources. After the depletion of resources, the crisis of raw materials, and the transformations of political and economic systems, these localities both experienced spatial and social stagnation and degradation. Gojlo suffered decay, and Kutina has experienced partial deindustrialization. The research questions focus on the dynamic relationship between space/place, time, and top-down urban planning. Critical analysis invokes, and relies on, the concepts and research fields of the (post)industrial city, industrial monoculture, placemaking, anthropology of the future, multiple temporalities, and an anthropology of optimism.
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Urban development is determined not only by geographical and demographic factors, but also by economic, social, systemic, and legal ones. The process of granting town statutes and privileges in the Middle Ages and implementation of the Magdeburg rights were crucial for the foundation of cities in Poland. Cities were distinguished from settlement units by having borough rights. The modern age was a period of decline in the political importance of cities and then their destruction, especially during the Swedish Deluge. The restoration, which began in the mid-18th century, was interrupted by the partitions of Poland. During the partitions period, Polish cities were only provincial city centres of other foreign countries, but in Lodz, for example, industry flourished. Interwar Poland is a period when new ties developed between existing urban units, but after the Second World War the borders were moved westward. The socialist system did not enable establishing strong functional links between regions, but it was a period of industrialisation and urbanisation. The administrative reform of 1975 created a unique polycentric arrangement of 49 cities as capitals of voivodeships (provinces). The political transformation after 1989 and the economic and social changes led to a crisis in small and medium-sized cities. The costly reform of 1999 exacerbated this problem by favouring metropolitan areas and the capital city of Warsaw. Currently, it is estimated that 122 small and medium-sized towns and cities in Poland are at risk of depopulation. The solution to this structural collapse could be extensive deglomeration.
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One of the personalities who remained for a long time in the national memory as a symbol of the Transylvanian ideals of the 1848 revolution was Avram Iancu. The course of events in the autumn of 1848, and especially at the beginning of 1849, placed Iancu at the center of the events. Avram Iancu responded to the collective Romanian hopes, allying himself not only with the leaders of the revolutionary movement but also with the masses of peasants from the Apuseni Mountains, to support their national and social rights. For this reason, he was honored with the title of Tribune, meaning one who speaks on behalf of the people. Avram Iancu dreamed not only of national rights but also of national institutions, such as a Law Academy that would train young people who could serve the Habsburg state and, especially, the Romanian nation. At the Centennial of his birth in 1924, the commemoration of his life and activism was a cultural and national priority. At the Bicentennial of Avram Iancu’s birth in 2024, festive events specific to the collective sensitivity of the Third Millennium will take place.
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This study continues the description of Metropolitan Anastasie Crimca’s already-published 17th-century Slavic-Romanian manuscripts. The presentation of these manuscripts – now kept at the State Library of the Moscow Historical Museum – help us better understand the richness of this bishop’s scholarly activity and the activity of the Moldavian Scriptorium at the beginning of the 17th century. Created for Dragomirna Monastery, this liturgical book is described and analyzed in all its details.
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The painted Menologium in the narthex of the Diocesan Church in Rădăuți (cca. 1488/89) is the most extensive produced in late-15th-century Moldavia. However, this Menologium is not complete, but selective, like those in the narthexes of the Lujeni and Voroneț churches, dating back to the same century. In general, it is a representative Menologium, illustrating on average 7–9 days of each month, but giving priority to September – the beginning of the liturgical year, to March – the beginning of the second half of the year, and to August – the last month of the liturgical year, by illustrating 14, 18 and 27 days respectively. The first day of the illustrated Menologium, September 1st, is preceded by the introduction to the versified Hagiography (Prologue) of Middle-Bulgarian, Tarnovian redaction. A study of the composition of the Rădăuți Menologium indicates that its primary textual source was this redaction of the versified Prologue. For the most part, this Menologium follows a known repertoire, especially for post-Byzantine art in the Romanian and Greek area, but it also contains some rare or unique representations. Establishing the content of the Rădăuți Menologium disproves its supposed evolution in Moldavia from selective to complete. Like the Lujeni Menologium, it shows that the painters were equipped with all the possibilities to represent a Menologium of any extent, the only limit being the available painting surface.
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Le Saint Monastère Sucevița n’eut pas la chance de conserver les archives plus anciennes (consommées par un incendie violent), ni bénéficia d’outils d’archivage plus anciens (des états de documents ou inventaires de trésors et d’objets). Aujourd’hui, les archives anciennes se composent de huit documents (parchemins) «fondateurs» et quelques autres documents de la fin du XVIIIème siècle. Le reste des actes sont de la période moderne et contemporaine. Les unités d’archives sont classées, chronologiquement, par paquets, dès l’année 1785 et jusqu’en 1949, et à l’intérieur de chaque paquet, par liasses. On y garda les documents sous forme de brouillons, originaux et copies, dans les langues roumaine et allemande. On trouve en chaque paquet le protocole des pièces, par années (le registre d’entrée – sortie d’aujourd’hui), avec les sections soigneusement remplies, et des liasses avec la correspondance officielle. On rencontra une coutume intéressante à l’époque de l’abbé Ghenadie Zaharovici (novembre 1847–septembre 1862), qui enregistra méticuleusement la correspondance du monastère et de plus, nota, dans le même registre, les événements plus intéressants, pas seulement pour le monastère, mais aussi pour l’ensemble de la zone géographique, avec l’observation « cela sert pour le savoir dans l’avenir ». Pour un meilleur ordre dans la chancellerie, on utilisa temporairement des points héraldiques colorés. La correspondance avec le Consistoire de Tchernovtsy est la plus riche: ordres concernant l’administration du patrimoine, lettres circulaires, listes de livres donnés pour la bibliothèque, offres de souscription ou d’achat des livres, rapports sur les dommages subis à cause des calamités naturelles, programmes de l’école qui fonctionna à côté du monastère, inventaires, dépliants, passeports etc. Ensuite, on y présenta les documents attestant la participation du monastère aux expositions de Tchernovtsy (1855, 1886), Vienne (1873, 1887), Kiev (1874), Bucarest (1906), Paris (1925), Bruxelles (1935).
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This study examines the ties that expanded between Moldavia, Wallachia, and the Monastery of St. Catherine at Mount Sinai between the 15th and 17th centuries under the guidance of Romanian voivodes, including Stephen the Great, Neagoe Basarab, and their heirs. Looking at the existing material and textual evidence, this study addresses the way in which the Romanian voivodes shaped their princely image and their gifts to the monasteries located beyond the borders of their domains, and especially to the monastery of Saint Catherine at Mount Sinai. The monastery’s collection preserves several key texts and objects that elucidate aspects of patronage, royal identities, and orthodoxy among the Romanian voivodes. Their gifts to Sinai and other spiritual places (such as Mount Athos) had the collateral effect of contributing to the formation and promotion of significant forms of Byzantine spirituality in Moldavia and Wallachia, especially in the post-Byzantine period.
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This paper examines official negotiation methods behind the renovation and simultaneous use of the Staré Hrady castle between 1949 and 1993, as an example of the rescue of a cultural monument in communist Czechoslovakia. It is concerned with the mechanisms of actor-institutional communication at regional level at work within the broader circumstances prevailing in then Czechoslovakia, arguing that this negotiation was in fact the driving force behind the successful reconstruction of this castle after many years of expert-led volunteer work.
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The build-up of the reestablished Macedonian Scientific Institute (MSI) in Sofia after 1990 is among the most serious achievements of the Bulgarian intellectual circles working in the field of humanitarian studies. The official inception of this process was set with the Founding Assembly of the Institute, held on 3rd May 1990. In the following years, the newly elected governing board of the Institute developed large-scale beneficial activities aimed at studying the past of the Bulgarians in the historical-geographic region of Macedonia, at establishing friendly relations between the Republic of Bulgaria and the newly established Republic of Macedonia during the break-up of communist Yugoslavia, They also helped numerous scientific publications to get into print and several scientific forums to be held with the purpose of revealing the truth about the origin of the Slavic population in Macedonia. The activity of the management elected by the MSI’s founders has been pursued by the next younger generation of scholars and public figures committed to the Bulgarian national cause.
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The build-up of the reestablished Macedonian Scientific Institute (MSI) in Sofia after 1990 is among the most serious achievements of the Bulgarian intellectual circles working in the field of humanitarian studies. The official inception of this process was set with the Founding Assembly of the Institute, held on 3rd May 1990. In the following years, the newly elected governing board of the Institute developed large-scale beneficial activities aimed at studying the past of the Bulgarians in the historical-geographic region of Macedonia, at establishing friendly relations between the Republic of Bulgaria and the newly established Republic of Macedonia during the break-up of communist Yugoslavia, They also helped numerous scientific publications to get into print and several scientific forums to be held with the purpose of revealing the truth about the origin of the Slavic population in Macedonia. The activity of the management elected by the MSI’s founders has been pursued by the next younger generation of scholars and public figures committed to the Bulgarian national cause.
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The Macedonian Scientific Institute, established in 1923, went be yond its role as a scientific and cultural centre and quickly occupied an important place in the social and political processes in Bulgaria, becoming a tribune of the Macedonian Bulgarians and an instrument of their struggle to defend the Bulgarian character of Macedonia. With its overall activity, MSI strove to protect the rights of the Mac edonian Bulgarians, persecuted and oppressed both in Royal and then in the Federal communist Yugoslavia alike. It was resolutely opposed to Serbianization, and in the last years of its existence, to Macedonianization, carried out in the Vardar and the Pirin parts of Macedonia. Recognizing this role, the government of the Patriotic Front, which came to power on 9th September 1944, dominated almost completely by the Bulgarian Communist Party, in favour of and in coordination with the authorities of Tito’s Yugoslavia, decided to dissolve MSI and hand over the archive and all its property to the Yugoslav authorities.
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The article examines the activities of a French Catholic missionary – the Vincentian sister Marie Violet /Violetta/, from the end of the 19th to the 1920s. On the basis of preserved documents, her journey in the Balkans has been traced: in Salonica, Constantinople and especially in Monastir. Although the mission of the Vincentians in Macedonia underlay the conversion of the local Bulgarian population to Catholicism, the activities of Sister Violetta and her helpers were mainly focused on hospital care and education. The text also concentrates on the impressions the missionary gained from the Ilinden Preobrazhenie Uprising in Bitola, on the help that Vincentian sisters provided to the suffering Bulgarian population, as well as on their care for the wounded and sick during the First Balkan War.
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Dimităr Balev was a remarkable mayor of Vidin, a highly respected man and a much esteemed citizen. He was born in Ohrid, but after his father died, he moved to Vidin with his mother in 1873. He connected afterwards his life forever with this town on the Danube River and worked tirelessly for its improvement and modernization. He sat in the mayor’s chair in 1908 until his death in 1915. He introduced a new style of government based on mutual respect, ethics and tolerance.
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Using the comparative method and the methodological tools of the theory of cleavages and critical junctures formulated by a political scientist Stein Rokkan, the text describes the development of social support for the Czech Social Democratic Workers' Party (ČSDSD), the German Social Democratic Workers' Party in the Czechoslovak Republic (DSAP) and the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) in the city of Jihlava in 1918-1933. The source of information for measuring social support for these parties is the results of municipal and parliamentary elections and official reports on public participation in the events organized by these political parties. The text is also devoted to assessing the conditions influencing social support for the studied political parties and to the description of their mutual relationships.The split in the two national social democratic parties led to their weakening and the emergence of a relevant communist party in the early 1920s. The ČSDSD managed to regain significant strength in Jihlava by the mid-1920s, winning more votes in municipal and parliamentary elections in Jihlava than the rival Communist Party, while at the level of the Czech lands and Czechoslovakia it was the Communist Party that received a higher support in the parliamentary elections of 1925. The ČSDSD held the position of the strongest left-wing party in Jihlava in all elections between 1925 and 1929. The DSAP received higher support than the ČSDSD in the 1920 municipal and parliamentary elections, but the split in the party and the competition with the Communist Party and the German nationalist parties weakened its social support significantly and in the long term.Although electoral support for the KSČ was lower in Jihlava than in the Czech lands and Czechoslovakia throughout the period under review, it nevertheless played a role in the party political system at the local level and brought a distinctive element to its functioning. In the sector of the Czech (Czechoslovak) political parties, the ČSDSD had an absolute majority in the 1920 parliamentary elections, while in the following elections the non-social democratic parties prevailed. The DSAP had a minority position in the German political parties sector throughout the whole period. Compared to the ČSDSD, the German Social Democrats gained significantly lower social support within the German political parties camp, with the marginal exception of the 1920 municipal elections, than their Czech colleagues within the sector of the Czech (Czechoslovak) political parties in Jihlava.
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