Jadwiga Gwizdałówna, Architektura Wawelu w czasie okupacji niemieckiej 1939–1945
Review of: Jadwiga Gwizdałówna, Architektura Wawelu w czasie okupacji niemieckiej 1939–1945, Zamek Królewski na Wawelu, Kraków 2019
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Review of: Jadwiga Gwizdałówna, Architektura Wawelu w czasie okupacji niemieckiej 1939–1945, Zamek Królewski na Wawelu, Kraków 2019
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On 23 June 1919, Dr. Géza Grosschmid, a lawyer and legal advisor in Kassa (Košice), wrote a letter to the Municipal Housing Committee requesting that their family house in Mészáros Street be exempted from public ownership. In his petition, he discusses in detail the history of his and his wife's family, their financial situation, their housing conditions, and also summarises his own biography, which also reveals the little-known career of Grosschmid, who later became a politician, before 1919. The information in the document also contains valuable details about the family and their house. The letter is accompanied by a questionnaire filled in by thousands of homeowners during the Soviet Republic on the socialisation of their houses.
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The paper outlines how the citizenry of the Gniezno countryside contributed in the Greater Poland Uprising, showing the key role that the region played in the victorious military action. The reader is acquainted with the leading insurgent figures and national activists of all municipalities of the then counties of Gniezno and Witkowo.
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Born in 1987, following a well-known book, conceived by Pierre Nora (“Essais d’ego-histoire”), and in an intellectual context marked by the “inversion of the subject” and the “linguistic turn”, specific to the 80s–90s of the 20th century, the historiographic genre of the same name (“ego history”) is currently experiencing an impressive vogue. Until now, several dozen volumes have appeared, in which historians make their autobiographies and narrate, with more or less talent, their intellectual and academic journey. The most recent ones are those gathered by Patrick Boucheron in the “Itinéraires” collection, founded in 2011 at Éditions de la Sorbonne. A brief comparison of the contributions collected by Pierre Nora in the book published in 1987 (thanks to prominent French historians at the time, such as: Maurice Agulhon, Pierre Chaunu, Georges Duby, Raoul Girardet, Jacques Le Goff, Michelle Perro and René Rémond) and the more recent “ego-histories” highlights some major differences and a similarity. The differences come from the fact that the 1987 studies repudiate the intimate side of gender and are more inclined (in a very limited way) to a theoretical reflection on the relationship between narrative subjectivity and analytical objectivity as assumptions of their approach. From this point of view, the contributions of the seven historians are clearly superior to the more recent “ego-histories”, whose authors are very honest (even indiscreet) about their private lives, without showing the same theoretical reflexivity as their predecessors (poorly represented). But both the old “ego-histories” and the new “ego-histories” have one thing in common: their poverty as biographies of a more general purpose. Perhaps more illustrative than individual documents, they are incapable of conveying life experiences that have a more general meaning and are capable of elevating the biographies they tell to the level of models for all (or at least a few) who read them. This is essentially due to the almost complete lack of connection, of all these autobiographies, with the social, cultural and political context in which their authors lived and were formed. A deeper understanding of their historical time would have transformed these personal accounts into real documents, illustrative not only of the biographies of their authors, but, through them, of an entire era. Future “ego-historians”, to fully deserve their name, should take this necessity into account. This is the proposal of the author of this article.
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Natalie Zemon Davis is widely acclaimed in the academic world and widely known among history readers. Her work has been associated through its historiographical contributions with microhistory, a field that has engaged intense efforts of historiographical evaluation over time, with a rich literature focusing on it. Approaching the genre of microhistory allows Natalie Davis to promote and advocate for “in-depth” historical research, to bring her methods closer to ethnography and anthropology, but at the same time to preserve her identity as a historian. The “historical laboratory” metaphor is significant for understanding the author’s positioning in defining her historical conception. Using the terms “truth”, “probability”, “evidence”, “possibility” as narrative conventions allows Natalie Davis to situate history between science and fiction, between laboratory and invention. In the interview published in 1984, Natalie Davis specifies a number of aspects regarding her historical conception and relationship with anthropology. It argues for the critical use of ideas from anthropology in historical research. Her attraction to historical anthropology was associated with her interest in film. The story of Martin Guerre, as she confessed, sparked her curiosity, to expose it in the form of a film. Therefore, the interaction with the cinematography gave the author not only the ethnographic experience, but also the elaboration of the historiographical narrative.
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To capture the evolution of Romanian historiography in the years after 1989, the example of the historian Lucian Boia is revealing. The Romanian historian from Bucharest belongs to a brilliant generation of professors of the Faculty of History in the capital city. Until 1990, when he became a university professor, Lucian Boia was, in turn, a preparator (1967-1973), an assistant (1973-1977) and a lecturer (1977-1990). Before founding and managing the History Center of the Imaginary (1993), he was a founding member, general secretary and vice-president of the International Commission for the History of Historiography (1980-1990). Also, between 1975 and 1993, he was editorial secretary at the Annales of the University of Bucharest, history series, and between 1968-1869 he was a scholarship holder in Prague. Historian Boia’s preoccupation with the imaginary began around 1983/4 and was anchored in an intense reading of French historiography. The research of the imaginary was then in full ascension in European historiography, therefore the promotion of this field of the new history was beneficial for Romania. His work is extensive and includes various themes, both about the theory and methodology of the imaginary, as well as about events and phenomena from Romanian and European history. It is noteworthy the way in which Lucian Boia moves from one subject to another, from one history to another, from one way of writing history to another, from one research method to another, from works with a broad perspective to studies closer to details.
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The paper presents different forms of domestic violence as they are revealed in legal and ecclesiastical documents from 18th century Transylvania. The first part of the article focuses on the presentation of parental and hierarchical aggression towards children, and the second part discusses domestic violence. In addition to the actual presentation of the cases held before secular and ecclesiastical forums, we will try to reconstruct as much as possible the legal procedures, the arguments of the parties involved, the narrative strategies, as well as the resolution or consequences of violent conflicts. The article prefers to focus on hierarchical rather than patriarchal violence, a term that refers only to male aggression, whereas the documents studied show that violence is not gender-related but is based on the hierarchical structures within pre-modern families.
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After leaving Transylvania, in the fall of 1914, with the exception of the diplomatic mission in Italy, Vasile Lucaciu will spend the entire period of neutrality in Romania, as a refugee, together with Octavian Goga, his brother Constantin, and hundreds and thousands of other refugees, who will campaign for Romania’s entry into the war against Austria-Hungary. Together with other Transylvanian intellectuals, Octavian Goga, Sever Bocu, Onisifor Ghibu, Vasile Stoica, Octavian Tăslăuanu, Dr. Lucaciu supports Romania’s entry into the war. In December 1914, Dr. Vasile Lucaciu is elected president of the “Cultural League” and will participate in numerous national rallies in Bucharest, Galați, Brăila, Iași. But the culmination of the Transylvanian activity will be the designation of Lucaciu and Goga as candidates for the partial elections in Galați and Caracal from the Unionist Federation. The diplomatic representatives accredited in Bucharest, Count Czernin and Hilmar von dem Bussche, but also the Chancellor of Germany or Prime Minister Tisza will protest against the candidacies of the two nationalists. The two people from Transylvania will eventually have to withdraw their candidacies.
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The figure of Nae Ionescu (1890-1940) continues to intrigue today through his spiritual, intellectual and ideological attitudes. He had admirers among his contemporaries, but also numerous detractors, who accused him of corrupting the youth, of legionarism and even of lack of originality. Far from fully sharing the Legionary vision, dominated by a visceral and obsessive anti-Semitism, Nae Ionescu preserved (except for certain conjunctural compromises) his spiritual autonomy during his adherence to legionarism. His primary vision remained consistently Christian, anti-democratic, anti-liberal, anti-capitalist and anti-modern. Nae Ionescu considered himself a simple reader of the historical reality and the imperatives of the time. He hoped that after the Great War a renaissance, a cultural and spiritual reconstruction would take place in the European space, which would put an end to the old currents, ideologies and certainties of the "old world”, based on rationalism, positivism and individualism. Protestantism was for him synonymous with rationalism, individualism, liberalism and socialism. Nae Ionescu did not promote a radical conservatism turned towards the past, but one turned towards the future. He sincerely recognized the inadequacies of the past and present of the Romanian culture. Like Nichifor Crainic, Nae Ionescu insisted on the potentiality of a Romanian culture, which would clarify and dissociate itself from certain inauthentic ways. In their opinion, the Romanian culture had to be protected from the indiscriminate adaptation of foreign forms of Western culture. This future Romanian culture could not develop, in the vision of Ionescu or Crainic, except within the framework of orthodoxy and an Eastern cultural identity.
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The first decades of the 19th century were marked by a reflexive debate over the role of prison in the West as an instrument of punishment and disciplining. These theories concerning the legislation and organization of prisons laid the basis of reforms in many European states. This article aims at revealing the legislative aspects that constituted the organization and well-functioning of prisons in the Romanian modern society starting from the first juridical-military regulations from the Organic Regulations, with all the subsequent laws, in order to point out the important alterations brought about by the criminal code during Alexandru Ioan Cuza’s reign, as well as the changes at the end of the century. We aim to emphasize how the conception of modern prison evolved in the Romanian space, along with the improvements and factors that determined these changes.
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This study focuses on the disciplinary process in interwar prisons, presenting both the international and Romanian cases, more specifically, the Transylvanian space. The prisoners of Transylvania were subjected to an ample process of education that was often criticized. First, we contextualize the idea of prison and the historical and legislative evolution of the penitentiary system. Secondly, despite the Great Union of 1918, prison conditions and other sectors of social life changed at a different pace from what someone might expect. This stagnation was present in the justice sector, so the disciplining process and the prison life presented significant differences from one province to another. Under these circumstances, our attention is drawn to the implementation of the disciplining process and to the evolution of the punishing methods and their effects on the prisoners. In addition to that, we are interested in the actual prison life and in establishing if a human and behavioral metamorphosis could be truly acquired.
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Review of: Walburg Boppert, Christine Ertel, Die Gräberstraße von Mainz-Weisenau. Eine italische Gräberstraße des 1. Jhs. n. Chr im römischen Mainz, Mainz 2019 (Mainzer Archäologische Schriften, 16), ss. VIII + 260, ilustr. czarnobiałe i barwne w tekście + odrębny plan
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It is presented briefly the phenomenon of Romfilatelia, with references to the circulation of new issues of postage stamps dedicated to the valuable architectural heritage of the city and county of Iasi entitled: The Palaces of Iași. The trademark issue contains four stamps illustrating four valuable architectural monuments: Roznovanu Palace in Iasi, Cuza Palace in Ruginoasa, Sturdza Palace in Miclauseni and the Palace of Culture in Iasi.
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This article presents information about the introduction into circulation of a new issue of postage stamps entitled Seals of Romanian rulers (II), dedicated to the personalities: Petru Cercel, Radu Mihnea, Grigore I. Ghica, C. Brâncoveanu. Thus, the seals, as an element of authenticity of documents of first importance issued by the royal chancelleries, accompanied external documents, legislated alliance treaties and internal documents, which established properties or confirmed royal grants.
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The article addresses the role, activity and concerns of the ladies of the voivodes in the life of the Romanian rulers. These women have left a deep mark on the history of both Romanians and Europe. Romfilatelia brings back to memory the figures of six of these ladies through the issuance of postage stamps: Mrs. Maria, Mircea cel Batran’s wife, Mrs. Elina, Matei Basarab’s wife, Mrs. Chiajna, Mircea Ciobanul’s wife, three times ruler of Wallachia Mrs. Maria Voichita , the third and last wife of Ștefan cel Mare, Mrs. Milita Despina, Neagoie Basarab’s wife and Mrs. Stanca.
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The article reviews the essential data related to the life and activity of the mountain ruler Neagoe Basarab (1482 - 1521), the lord of the Romanian Lands between 1512 and 1521. The lacy slip and the postage stamp with the ruler’s image are presented. the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the transition to the eternal ones.
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In the article, the essential data related to the life and activity of the Romanian painter, the post-mortem member of the Romanian Academy Theodor Pallady (1871-1956) are reviewed. Pallady’s thematic collection is diverse, with nudes, landscapes, flowers and many self-portraits. The predilection of Theodor Pallady for still life is reflected and the desire to portray in a painting a fragment of the universal reality in all his poetry and harmony. It describes the circulation of postage stamp issues dedicated to the visual arts and to one of the masters of modern Romanian painting, whom he called “Theodor Pallady, 150 years”.
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The study focuses on the issue of renaming streets as part of the process of “coming to terms with the communist past” after 1989. It examines how renaming of public spaces has become a media topic and explores it through the example of persistent socialist toponymy in Ostrava. Taking the perspective of critical toponymy and using the cultural geography concepts, the text examines the cultural memory shaped after 1989. Simultaneously, it identifies three points of view, which meet on this issue in the post-Soviet news discourse through a discourse analysis of a two-stage corpus of media texts. The paper describes the narrative of the negative experience of communism, which determines how the topic is framed in the media and which is dominant in the discourse under study. The paper therefore closes with a description of two discursive tendencies that enable and reinforce this dominance - the polarizing interpretation of national history and the use of aesthetic-cultural aversion towards the “language of communism”.
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This article presents the most important discovery from the rescue excavations recently carried out in the proximity of the old church from Ciuperceni, Teleorman County. A feature interpreted as a semi-subterranean church and the archaeological context which led to this conclusion are discussed. The relevant archaeological inventory associated with the discovery is also presented. References are made to the history of the village of Ciuperceni and to different scholarly articles that discuss the subject of such churches.
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The cross analyzed in this study is in the Bragadiru commune, Teleorman County, located in the yard of a property on Dunării street (DJ 506), at the intersection with DC 27. Carved in limestone, in the 'Latin cross' shape, this votive stone cross marked the crossroads and was an important landmark helping to orientate people who used the old roads. According to the text, the cross was erected during the reign of Grigore IV Ghica (Grigore Dimitrie Ghica), the first ruler of Wallachia after the Phanariote era, who ruled from 30th of June 1822 to 10th of May 1828 and was a former landowner at Bragadiru. This type of monument is rare in the Teleorman County and therefore it is highly valuable as an epigraphic document of local history.
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