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The aim of the article is to present the hypothesis that artists frequently use intentionally, however unknowingly, the artistic research procedures in their artistic practices. The plausibility of that hypothesis is argued by reconsidering Semir Zeki’s theory of “artist as unconscious neurobiologist” – implied by questioning “the myth of seeing eye” and proposal of the function of visual brain, and the functional neuroaesthetic definition of art. After analysis of Monet’s problems of lumination and color constancy we arrive to some conclusions, embracing: actual subject-matter of Monet’s research, thesis of abandoning the contradiction visual/intellectual, reconsideration of vision as a problematic process of stating of hypotheses, and finally recognizing of the character of intentionality involved in Monet’s search.
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This essay aims to contribute to our reflections about automata in the early modern worlds by demonstrating that, first, a debate took place in seventeenth-century France about the nature of talismans, as to whether they should be considered akin to automata; and, secondly, that discussions about the reasons for which talismans should or should not be regarded as such enriched current reflections about mechanical natural philosophy, touching on the uses of philology in connection with the study of nature. I focus on Jacques Gaffarel‟s Curiositez (1629) as a case study. While Gaffarel is usually portrayed as an occult writer, in the first section I show that he was a playful libertin érudit, a Gallican, and a tolerant man with manifold interests, including natural philosophy and Hebrew philology. In the second section I demonstrate that Gaffarel was an accomplished Hebraist. In the last part of this essay, I relate Gaffarel‟s philological work to his explanations that talismans worked according to Gassendian atomism and Cartesian mechanicism.
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A dominant social science paradigm since the 1990s, that is, used to explain the new perspective on socio-cultural changes in a world transitioning from the industrial order to the post-industrial and informational order, is known as globalization. This paradigm is recognized as legitimate by several authors, descendants of modernity, who witnessed the rise, fall and bankruptcy of the bourgeois spirit.
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Brygida Kürbis, a medievalist from Poznań, who died in 2001, thanks to her publications, contributed a lot to increasing the importance of both editing medieval chronicles and source studies, which are auxiliary sciences of history. The author deliberately modified the postulated rules and principles of publishing written sources in editorial practice, depending on the type of released texts and publishing capabilities, changing over time.
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"The Epic of America" (1931) actually depicts a broad mental picture of the diverse past which has colored USA's story as a nation. In its very substance, James Truslow Adams’s book scans how the typical American profile has progressively matured over time as far as their outlook, character, and mostly their mentality are in question. Ever since America became an independent nation, each generation has experienced a struggle of its subjects who constantly tried to save the American Dream in its promising photo. James Truslow Adams eloquently x-rays the metamorphoses of the American dream paradigm, by displaying his distinct perspective on its foundations and by actually dismantling the errors it has generated; he would articulate a distinct perception of the very bases and claims made by the fore fathers and he would also set down the principles commonly associated with the Dream itself.
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In a period in which man started to create and appreciate beauty, it is necessary to underline some facts about the beginnings of the Art of metals in the second part of the Neolithic: the Chalcolithic. These factors are combined with the necessity of a discussion regarding the emergence of the phenomenon of metallurgy in the world. Regarding the art, the present material will focus only on a few important examples of the first artefacts in metals such as copper, gold, silver and lead – generally small objects such as ornaments.
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The period of the Phanariot regime in the history of the Romanian countries represented an era marked by significant changes and external political pressures, becoming a crucial moment in the development of the Romanian national identity. During this period, the ideological influences of the Age of Enlightenment from Western Europe penetrated the Romanian Principalities, generating a series of transformations in local social and political thinking and structures. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment on Romanian societies under Phanariot domination, focusing on how these ideas were assimilated, adapted and applied in the specific context of the Romanian Principalities. We will investigate the influence of Enlightenment philosophy, rationalist principles and emancipatory concepts in the development of political and social thought during this period.
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In this short paper, I will describe how I came across Leszek Nowak's ideas and how this influenced my student, Giacomo Borbone, to embark on a similar path. He has made an important contribution to the knowledge of a particular school of thought and a philosopher who has often been overlooked in the international epistemological discourse, a particular school of thought and a philosopher who has often been overlooked in the international epistemological discourse, despite the existence of similar concepts within it. I also aim to provide some insights into this neglect, attributing it not to the malice of individuals but to a broader dynamic between the dominant cultural center and intellectual peripheries, as highlighted by Nowak himself in some of his essays.
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The Great War 1914–1918, irretrievably destroyed the political order in Europe, which had been maintained unchanged after 1871 with the conviction of the long duration extended into the Belle Époque. It left many traces – among others – in the memoirs and contemporary reports revealing on a micro-historical scale, some of the opinions and attitudes of the aristocracy, which become invisible on the macro-historical scale and are represented by considerable numbers of sources, which allows a reconstruction of important political and military decisions. This article is a contribution presenting – on the basis of a few examples – the end of the political influence of aristocracy in Central and Eastern Europe that coincided with the departure of monarchs from its political scene.
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The article is to point out the complexity of the idea of peace, which, once formed in the medieval era, has been the foundation of many contemporary institutions in the field of social life in a broad sense. The concept of peace, consisting of a number of issues, is central to the discussion herein. The full presentation of the idea of pax requires a reference to the social nature of man and to the relationship of the individual with the social group within which that individual lives. The issue of peace is also coupled with the idea of the common good. It is impossible to characterize the idea of bonum commune without a reference to the question of ordo and the essence of justice. The author proposes a thesis that the medievalist concept of pax combines political, legal, and moral reflection. It develops independently of the theory of wars. Particular attention should be paid to the idea of peace in the thought of Marsilius of Padua, who, drawing on Aristotle’s achievements and the ideas developed in the Middle Ages, devised an original concept of peace.
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The review article deals with the new updated Italian edition of T. G. Masaryk’s book “The NewEurope”. In addition to the annotated translation of Masaryk’s text, the volume contains two introductory studies (by the Czech historian Koloman Gajan and by Francesco Leoncini as the editor of the volume), Leoncini’s essayistic epilogue, the chronological overview of Masaryk’s life and the bibliography of works on Masaryk and Czech issues in Italian. Moreover, the appendices include the text of Benedetto Croce’s lecture “Italy and the Czech Lands” and Leoncini’s paper “T. G. Masaryk and Italy”. The review article analyzes especially three key topics depicted in thebook – Masaryk’s relation to Italy, the interpretation of Masaryk’s thought as an analogy to Mazzini’s visions, and the question of Masaryk’s legacy for (Central) Europe in the 21st century as it is viewed by Leoncini from the external Italian perspective.
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The study problematizes the concepts of humanist Renaissance and Byzantine Renaissance, in order to demonstrate the need for a re-reading of Neagoe Basarab's work, as a representative text for the continuity of the Byzantine Christian model, otherwise called by Nicolae Iorga – Byzantium after Byzantium. Therefore, the study argues that the political-cultural vision and the religious commitment of Neagoe Basarab decisively participate in the transfer of the civilizational center from Constantinople – to the Orthodox communities and countries, and to its multiplication in the area of Eastern Christianity. Neagoe Basarab's text, in its entirety, is thought in such a way as to affirm and re-affirm the Christian vision of existence, the unbroken perpetuity of the evangelical teaching and patristic wisdom from the original Christianity.
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By analysing the solo piano piece Just Shadows (2014) as well as describing certain characteristics of other works by Bulgarian-Luxembourgian composer Albena Petrovic Vratchanska, this article aims to outline the features of the compositional approach applied by the composer in her most recent oeuvre for piano. The piano works in question have been written after a long period of avoiding keyboard instruments in her compositional output (except for a few books of pedagogical piano pieces intended for children). The compositional approach developed in these late piano works (all written after 2013) turns out to be a distinguishable individual piano style of Albena Petrovic Vratchanska representative of her artistic intentions in her years of creative maturity. In the present text, essential characteristics of her piano idiom are discussed with a special focus on musical cryptographic procedures undertaken by the composer in order to bring out the thematic material of each piano piece.
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Report on Conference "Homo viator. Podróże po „wiedzę bezcenną” w perspektywie historycznej i w ujęciu współczesnym" held at Zamojska Academy, from 6th-8th of April 2022.
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The paper deals with Petr Rezek’s philosophy in relation to two of his central themes, matter-of-factness (Sachlichkeit) and conflict, through the prism of the problem of non-matter-of-fact (unsachlich) quoting and its manifestations. According to Rezek, these point to the defective forms of intersubjectivity. The dialectic of quoting reason begins with a critique of these forms in order to become a true dialectic of matter-of-factness, through contrasting structures and techniques of analysis, such as the so-called boundary approach or the method of repetition.
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The publication presents a commented Russian translation of chapters 120 and 127-136 from Calcidius’ Commentarius on Plato’s Timaeus dealing with demonology, a most important part of philosophical knowledge in the eyes of Neoplatonic thinkers. We know virtually nothing about Calcidius, neither the dates of his lifespan, nor the place where he lived and worked. Even his name has become debatable recently: Chalcidius or Calcidius. Meanwhile, his principal (and only) work, a Latin translation of Plato’s Timaeus accompanied by a detailed commentary, has become the most important link in the transmission of Plato’s legacy from Antiquity to the medieval Latin West. Up to the twelfth-century turning point and the rise of the School of Chartres, the reception of Plato in the West was channeled almost exclusively through Calcidius’s work. His translation of the Timaeus, which occupies pages 17a-92c in the Corpus Platonicum, carries on only up to page 57c; another translation of the Timaeus, which has been accessible in the Latin West, belonged to Cicero, and was even more abridged (pages 27d-47b with omissions); nevertheless, it was Cicero’s translation that St. Augustine (354-430) used, unaware, it would seem, of Calcidius’ work. The most probable dating of our author seems to be the 4th – the beginning of the 5th century AD. Calcidius reveals himself as an author in his own right, who had not only accomplished the serious job of translating philosophical terminology from Greek into Latin, but also contributed to the development of the genre of commentary, and so deserves to be studied not only as a transmitter of knowledge from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. The Russian translation is based on the standard Jan Hendrik Waszink’s edition (1975), taking into account more recent editions by C. Moreschini (2003), B. Bakhouche (2011), and J. Magee (2016), which are accompanied by translations into modern European languages; the chronological density of these publications testifies to the undoubtable surge of interest in Calcidius’ work in the last few decades.
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The text presented is an attempt at summarizing French intellectual orientations influencing Polish regionalism. Phenomena that can be treated as heralding regionalism per se – the development of research on the history of particular localities and lands, folklore, geographic and linguistic works, development of local journalism or artistic and educational activities – were embedded in a wide stream of patriotic activities, a fact that provides an essential difference between the conditions in which regionalism developed in Poland and France at the turn of the 20th century. Irrespective of the above, French scientific, political and cultural cur-rents were closely followed in Poland, gaining many supporters here, also among regionalists.
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This paper aims to present interpretations and modifications of the early 19th century legal and economic knowledge within A. F. Albely's The Basics of General Financial Science, a textbook which focuses on the aspect of public finances. Referencing his own work to other authors in this academic field, Albely participated in a disciplinary discourse which served as a hub for circulation of ideas. This paper's primary concern is revealing the sources of Albely's legal and economic knowledge and noticing modifications which occured in ideas between different texts. Digital text analysis, accessed at the web-available platform Voyant tools, will prove to be an important heuristic asset, as it will disclose textual environments of ideas appearing in the analysed texts. This approach will enable new interpretative possibilities in the investigative field of knowledge circulation, as it will employ results of digital text analysis in order to discern Albely's intellectual influences and give insight into an idea modification process.
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The article analyzes the image of the population of Dalmatia in the Napoleonic era. The analysis is mainly based on documents produced by the French administration of Dalmatia between 1806 and 1813, when the province was first part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and from 1809 belonged to a separate entity of the French Empire, the Illyrian Provinces. The study analyzes the picture of Dalmatian society that the French drew for practical administrative purposes and places it in the broader context of the concepts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe and, in particular, the environmental and historical peculiarities of the Mediterranean region. The article shows that the tensions between the settled population on the coast and the semi-nomadic pastoral communities in the Dalmatian hinterland, which was a characteristic phenomenon of the Mediterranean world, had a great influence, at least in the Dalmatian context, on the formation of ideas that later became part of the image of Balkan backwardness and other ideas about the Balkan region that took shape in the Age of Enlightenment.
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