A „korai szlovák történelem” az újabb szlovák szakirodalomban

Author(s): Beáta Pintérová / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2022

Focussing on the topic of “early Slovak” history, the paper explores the works of those historians who continued or started their professional activity after the establishment of the second Slovak Republic. It concentrates on the major syntheses, with additional attention paid to specialized work dealing with some important sub-topics. It also examines the efforts at the deconstruction of historical myths and some aspects of national memory politics. Some of the topics touched upon are the rule of Pribina, the Principality of Nyitra, the evangelizing mission of Constantine and Methodius, and, in the context of Great Moravia, the reign of prince Svatopluk.

A „magyar arc vita”.

Faji gondolkodás a magyar néprajzban és az antropológiában a századfordulón

Author(s): Emese Lafferton / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 62/2015

This paper recovers the “Magyar face debate” raging among ethnographers, anthropologists and public figures in the long decade between 1890 and 1903, a period which began with the preparation for the 1896 Millennium Exhibition and ended in the aftermath of the 1900 Paris World Exhibition (accompanied by various international scientific congresses). These events were of great national importance and provided scientists and politicians with unique possibilities to contribute to the nation’s self-definition and representation. The Magyar face debate also constituted an important episode in a long series of cross-disciplinary attempts to define race and ethnicity and to reflect on multiethnic nationhood. By discussing relevant aspects of the histories of ethnography and anthropology in the Dualist era, the paper studies the potential political role of these disciplines in nation building and explores what kind of racial thinking they gave rise to. Affected by the specific socio-political conditions of the ethnically most diverse country of contemporary Europe, the disciplinary trajectories of Hungarian ethnography and anthropology seem to have diverged from the models offered by the historiography in the British, French, and German contexts. The paper argues that the pluralistic, predominantly cultural and strongly integrative ethnographic tradition that prevailed in Hungary in the last decades of the nineteenth century did not notable wane and shift towards a biological, hierarchical and racialist thinking before the First World War.

A „Nagy Összecsapás” – vita kultúráról és civilizációról Samuel P. Huntington nyomában

Author(s): Edina Kicsindi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2004

A Ê HOĈU KAKO MOGU – NEKOLIKO MISLI O HRVATSKOGLAGOLJSKOJ PISANOJ BAŠTINI

Author(s): Marija-Ana Dürrigl / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

In the paper are briefly summarised some views of the community who used the Glagolitic text, based on several typical statements of Glagolitic scribes, compilers and translators. From the selected quotations the connection of the diverse content of the manuscripts is revealed (some of them are arranged according to the ideal of "as general as possible" material, as though aiming at some kind of mediaeval encyclopaedism, to which The Petris Miscellany from 1468 is the closest) with a definite environment, i.e. to the audience for whom the texts are written, and with the polyfunctionality of a great number of transcribed, translated or compiled compositions. It is a process through which the specific phenomenon of "migration", mobility and adaptation of various templates and sources was realised, whereby the Glagolitic writers or priests made Croatian Glagolitic written word part of the common European mediaeval cultural, spiritual and literary tradition.

A nyelv, a valóság és a tények átértékelődése.Egy kívülálló konstrukciója a kortárs historiográfia hatástörténetileg jelentősnek látszó csoportjairól

Author(s): József Jászberényi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 5-6/2001

My paper – concentrating on the different interpretations of the three factors in the title - orders the most important groups of historiography of the end of 20th century in a brief narrative. My basic theory is that the way of thinking that reflects on our pre-determination by languauge began in the philosophy of the 20’s on the basis of Herder, Humboldt and Nietzsche and appeared in the science of history in the works of concept-history and Hayden White. In the focus of my paper are the new ways of historiography based on these theories, for example: deconstructive historiography, pragmatist historiography, the thoughts and methods of Michel Foucault, and the feminist historiography. The conclusion of studiing these theories of different authors and schools is that the reflective and self-reflective linguistic way of thinking gains more and more ground in international historiography and redefines our basic concepts that were thought to be steady.

A nyelvújítás méltatlanul elfeledett tudós nyelvésze, gróf Teleki József

Author(s): János Péntek / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2021

Count Teleki, with multiple Transylvanian relations, had a special role as a linguist in the history of the renewal of the Hungarian language. He was the promoter and first elected president of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, founded in 1825, until his death. Between 1842-1848 he was also the Governor of Transylvania. In his first linguistic work he thoroughly evaluated at a high theoretical level - and thus concluded - the controversies related to language reform, and in the second he described how the Hungarian language dictionary should be the most important tool in the continuous formation of the language. As a Governor of Transylvania, he had the historic task of proclaiming the law on the liberation of serfs in Cluj on 18 June 1848. In Transylvania, without a doubt, this was the most important conquest of the revolution of 1848, common to both Hungarians and Romanians, a conquest which, in general, is not referred to on the occasion of commemorative festivities.

A Path to a Countermovement? Forms of Integration in Polish Consumer Cooperatives

Author(s): Aleksandra Bilewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2018

A Path to a Countermovement? Forms of Integration in Polish Consumer Cooperatives

A PRUDENTIAL PERSONALIST ETHICAL APPRAISAL OF HUMAN CLONING

Author(s): Peter O.O. Ottuh / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Numerous uncertainties are hanging over the biotechnology of human cloning which has prompted medical ethicists and religious organizations to ask questions that bordered on its ethical and religious considerations. In cloning humans, ethical and religious issues arise both in its clinical and laboratory settings hence, the morality of manipulating human genes is the foremost ethical issue among scientists and religious scholars. Therefore, this paper evaluated the human cloning technology using the personalism and prudential personalism ethical-religious models to arrive at a workable moral paradigm. To achieve this objective, the paper employed the phenomenological and critical-literary literature review methods. The paper argued that previous ethical and religious researches have not adequately employed the ‘ideal’ ethical models to appraise the morality of human cloning hence; using the personalism and prudential personalism ethical-religious models were appropriate to reveal that every human life has worth and its commodification is an aberration. The paper concluded that based on the paradigm of prudential personalist ethics, cloning humans (especially, human reproductive cloning) negates respect for human life, human dignity, and communal goods hence it should not be practiced.

A ROMANIAN POLITICAL STORY: THE NATIONALISM OF NICOLAE IORGA REVISITED (1899-1914)

Author(s): Georgiana Țăranu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Nicolae Iorga (1871-1940) was Romania’s best-known historian and public intellectual between the two world wars, both at home and abroad. He is seen as the father of Romanian nationalism, as well as the main provider of historical continuity and legitimacy for the new Greater Romania of 1918. The aim of this paper is to argue that Iorga’s nationalism has been a political story from the very beginning. It was a politically motivated commitment toward reshaping society, through culture. This political reading contradicts the standard narrative that interprets Iorga as a cultural nationalist who only helped raise national consciousness in the wake and during the First World War. Instead, in the first part of this text, my reading of his political career depicts an intellectual who sought not only to cultivate the nation, but to advance his own political platform (based on the rejection of modernity, antisemitism, and irredentism) and to contribute to the establishment of a single strong territorial state reuniting all Romanians around the Old Kingdom. In the second part of the paper, I move from a short survey of the politics of memory by the main political regimes following Iorga’s assassination, namely the military dictatorship of Ion Antonescu and the communist regime, to a discussion of some strategies used in the post-1989 era to condone or obfuscate some beliefs and actions of Iorga by interpreting his nationalism as a cultural one.

A SHORT MODERN HISTORY OF STUDYING SACROBOSCO’S DE SPHAERA

Author(s): Alin Constantin Corfu / Language(s): English Issue: Sp.Issue/2020

A Short Modern History of Studying Sacrobosco’s De sphaera. The treatise generally known as De sphaera offered at the beginning of the 13th century a general image of the structure of the cosmos. In this paper I’m first trying to present a triple stake with which this treaty of Johannes de Sacrobosco (c. 1195 - c. 1256). This effort is intended to draw a context upon the treaty on which I will present in the second part of this paper namely, a short modern history of studying this treaty starting from the beginning of the 20th century up to this day. The first stake consists in the well-known episode of translation of the XI-XII centuries in the Latin milieu of the Greek and Arabic treaties. The treatise De sphaera taking over, assimilating and comparing some of the new translations of the texts dedicated to astronomy. The second Consists in the fact that Sacrobosco`s work can be considered a response to a need of renewal of the curriculum dedicated to astronomy at the University of Paris. And the third consists in the novelty and the need to use the De sphaera treatise in the Parisian University’s curriculum of the 13th century.

A sportos katonatiszt

Adalék Gömbös Gyula katonai pályafutásának rekonstruálásához

Author(s): Sándor Szakály / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A Story of a Science: On the Evolution of Chemistry

Author(s): Rein Vihalemm / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This book aims to observe the evolution of chemistry as a science. Its main goal, however, is not to give the reader a regular popular science account of the history of chemistry. The history of chemistry is only intended to serve as a background material for the analysis of problems which emerge at the intersection of the history, methodology and philosophy of science, presented in the format of popular science. These questions concern the nature of science, the preconditions for the emergence of science, its timeline, the rules and regularities of the development of science.

A székely írás modern kultuszai és antikultusza: bevezetés a tanulmányokhoz

Author(s): Klára Sándor / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2018

A székely Jeruzsálem és a szombatosok utódainak ábrázolása a 19. század végi, 20. század eleji útirajz irodalomban

Author(s): Réka Újlaki-Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2022

I examine a small section of Transylvanian travel literature comprising travel descriptions by visitors to the Sabbatarian proselyte community of Bözödújfalu [Bezidu Nou] between the 1870s and the Second World War. The main purpose is to present how the image and self-view of the community emerge from these descriptions. The image takes strikingly different forms depending on the national and confessional affinities of the travellers. Jews seeking emancipation painted a positive picture of the proselytes or gers and recognized their Jewishness in religious terms, while conservative Orthodox Jews were mostly critical. Neither did Hungarian visitors see them as authentic Jews, but merely as making some ignorant but determined effort that burdened their lives, renouncing their individuality, never being recognized, and ultimately not belonging anywhere. This non-belonging and failure to be accepted was expressed through nicknames like “spotty dogs” and “bats”. The gers themselves lived out their mixture of ideas in complete frankness, as manifested in both dress and behaviour. They declared themselves to be fully Hungarian and fully Jewish, without distinguishing between national and religious identity.

A szentföldi konfliktus – világrendszer-szemléletben

Author(s): Győző Lugosi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A történelem vonatán

Európa és Magyarország a 20. században

Author(s): Mária Ormos / Language(s): Hungarian

“The Train of History” by Mária Ormos invites the reader to two different „journeys”. Reception of both, history and historiography. It is a comprehensive study with author’s vision on Europe, focusing on the Hungarian history and Hungarian identity.

A trianoni békét követő revíziós elképzelések első időszaka (a II. világháborúig)

Author(s): Nóra Szőlősi / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A tulajdonságokkal bíró ember találkozása a tulajdonságok nélküli emberrel. Kulturális transzfer és történelemszemléletek ütközése a századforduló Monarchiájában

Author(s): Imre Tarafás / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 80/2020

The starting point for the study is the Hungarian translation of Alfons Huber’s Geschichte Österreichs, which, at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century was not only translated but also heavily edited by omitting the parts discussing the history of Hungary and by other structural changes. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of cultural fields, the study presents the translation to shed light on larger questions behind the episode. Examining the productive field of the original text, he discusses the contemporary dilemmas of ‘Austrian’ identity through the concepts of Österreich and Österreicher, and presents an overview of the ideological programme prevailing in Austrian historiography at the time. Concerning the field of appropriation, he continues with the contemporary practice of Hungarian translators and the reception of the original text by Huber. Finally, the study analyses the final translated version of the text, highlighting the intended and unintentional implications of the changes made to the text.

A view from Poland: the state and the Orthodox church in the Ukrainian lands in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as reflected in the Polish historical research

Author(s): Valerii Lastovskyi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This article explores the shifting perspectives of Polish academics about the role of the Orthodox Church in domestic and interstate relations within the Commonwealth and the Russian Empire. Why Poland's sovereignty crumbled at the end of the 18th century was one of the most critical questions Polish historians sought to explain. Since Bohdan Khmelnytskii's uprising, Moscow's geopolitical objectives had placed the Ukrainian territories in the forefront of their attention.It has been documented that the nineteenth-century Polish scientific research was more concerned with the social and political impact of Orthodox Churches in Commonwealth regions than any other aspect of its history. However, this scenario has altered through time. Since the eighteenth century, the viewpoints of Polish historians have changed drastically. Additionally, they investigated the inner workings of churches and religious activity in Ukraine.

A vigadó 16. századi Kolozsvár és a pajzán hegedűsnék. Pillanatképek a város mindennapjairól

Author(s): Gyöngy Kovács Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 10/2020

The study analyses a segment of Renaissance leisure culture in Cluj/Kolozsvár, the practice of rollicking on a society scale and making merry in the taverns with musical accompaniment. The so-called “fiddler women”, the meretrices, the prostitutes, and the “respectable” citizens’ wives who put their bodies on sale, committing thereby adultery, a deadly sin according to the standards of the epoch, have been frequent participants of this form of social contact. Our most relevant sources concerning them lie in the records of the city council.