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Klebelsberg Kuno (1875-1932)
Nowadays, beside Governor Miklós Horthy, István Bethlen, Pál Teleki and Gyula Gömbös, probably the name of Kuno Klebelsberg comes up most frequently in the Hungarian media and in public discourse. We are concerning a real renaissance of dealing with him, however superficial they often are. Lately, several institutions have been named after Klebelsberg and he has become an almost cultic figure. Nevertheless, his cult frequently and unnecessary goes too far. In the past decades, many people have investigated his activity, but they have mainly concentrated on minor details. Following 1942, this have been the first book to attempt to summarize Kelbelsberg’s whole career, presenting the partly known and well-founded achievements in the politician’s performance and some of his unimplemented plans. It also designates the new direction of research on Klebelsberg: namely the significance of the lesser-known period of his life preceding his ministry of culture, when he started to build up himself. “I trust that my book, intended to be readable yet written with due scholarly background and citing many of Klebelsberg’s writings and the responses given to them, will contribute to the respect for my hero that he had well deserved. I also think it important that we should value him objectively and consider him not a semi-god but a man and politician. However excellent he was, as a fallible man, he also made mistakes when he sometimes perceived the possibilities before him and his country inaccurately. However, these facts do not detract from his merit but rather strengthen it because we can approach him through them.” Gábor Ujváry
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After World War I the so-called "Sokoli" (Falcons) as a national defence and gymnastic movement with its idea and education clashed with the positions of the traditional tutor - the Roman Catholic Church - and was thus involved in the cultural struggle. The founder of the Sokoli idea and gymnastic activities was Miroslav Tyrš, a Czech who defined the basic guidelines and tasks of the Sokoli movement in his article Our Task, Direction and Goal, published in 1871. The author of the following contribution shall define the Sokoli education and idea on the basis of Tyrš's article. Within the Slovenian Sokoli movement, this idea was introduced by Viktor Murnik.
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The article tackles the issue of pun structures used in love designations (denominations, namings) in Petko Slaveykov’s Anacreontic songs. They have been interpreted as an impulse for a new cultural identity, an accomplished Renaissance articulation of human passions, sympathy sought, joy and delight in everyday life, and thus they have secured P. Slaveykov – at the level of reception and by virtue of the popularity of songbook lyrics, the initial accrual of “literary assets”.
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This article gives an insight of the origins of Vatra Literary Review.
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Programadó írások a szocializmus időszakából
The work of István Imreh (1919, Sâncraiu/Sepsiszentkirály – 2003, Cluj-Napoca/Kolozsvár) about the exploration of the history of the Szeklers is outstanding in a number of ways. We refer to his studies on economic and social history of Szeklerland, his decades long engagement with teaching that resulted in a number of disciples, and also to the programmatic writings aiming at the systematic exploration of Szekler history. In my paper, I undertake to present these latter works. This choice is not an arbitrary one. Although, a number of István Imreh’s contemporaries and colleagues (such as Zsigmond Jakó, Ákos Egyed, Elek Csetri, Lajos Demény) had expressed their opinion about the situation of the historiography of the nationalities, I focus on Imreh’s writings about Szekler history as they are unique in their deliberate and consistent nature. Moreover, Imreh’s writings apparently served as reference, too.
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Iz nekdanjega Znanstvenega inštituta pri predsedstvu SNOS, ki je bil ustanovljen na slovenskem osvobojenem ozemlju ipred 25 leti, je neposredno izšel tudi Inštitut za zgodovino delavskega gibanja. Ustanovljen je bil namreč s spojitvijo Zgodovinskega arhiva pri CK KPS in dela Muzeja narodne osvoboditve, ki je bil obenem z Inštitutom za narodnostna Mprašanja neposredni dedič in naslednik partizanskega inštituta. [...]
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Centenary activities of Community Centre "Miladinovi Brothers" are filled with significant educational and cultural events known at home and abroad.
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The paper outlines the events of the last year of the longest lasting Bulgaro-Byzantine war (967 – 1018). At the time, part of the Bulgarian aristocracy defended the independence of the Bulgarian Tsardom until the very end. Many leaders of the Bulgarian people died in battle with the Romaioi. Such was the fate of the Bulgarian Tsar John-Vladislav, the commanders Ivats and Sermon, etc. Others preferred to save themselves and retain their privileges. Among them were the Bulgarian Tsaritsa Maria, the ruler of the Inner region Bogdan, the Patriarch John, and the Governors of Pernik – Krakra, of Strumitsa – Dragomazh, of Skopje – Nikolitsa, etc. Left without its last ruler who had until then personified the independence of the Tsardom, some members of the Bulgarian aristocracy accepted their fate to be driven out of Bulgaria, but to keep their economic privileges. In their place, Romaioi from Asia Minor, Armenia and other provinces of the Empire were appointed administrative and military heads in the conquered Bulgarian lands.
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Along with the differences between the various organizational units of the territoryin relation to the time and manner of conducting the fighting, Ilinden Uprising and its leaders largely reminiscent of the April Uprising and the apostles of the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee.
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Dr. Ivan Seliminski is one of the most prominent representatives of the Bulgarian Revival and Enlightenment. He was born in Sliven at the end of 1799. He received his education at a Greek school in Kidonia – Asia Minor. He participated in the Greek uprising (1821–1824), for which he received two Greek orders. He made a tour of several European countries. In 1825 he returned to his hometown and worked for six years as a teacher. During this time, under his leadership, a secret association called „People’s Brotherhood“ was created, which aimed to liberate the Bulgarians from the slavery of the Ottoman Empire. After the Adrianople Peace Treaty (1829), he organized the resettlement of the population of Sliven in Bessarabia and Romania. In 1840, he studied medicine at the Athens University, graduated with honors and specialized surgery in Italy. Since 1848 he was a doctor in Romania. He participated in the Crimean War (1853 – 1856). In 1858 he was appointed as a district doctor in the district of Ialomitsa. By the end of his life, he had a vigorous educational activity among Bulgarian emigrants, often healing them for free. Dr. Ivan Seliminski emerged as a great thinker and publicist. His natural sciences and philosophical works became known to the Bulgarian public through numerous reports, articles and speeches, as well as through the huge correspondence with the activists of the educational movement and with various Bulgarian municipalities and organizations. In his „spiritual testament“ written three years before his death, he determined three young people of his same ethnic group to study in European universities using funds coming from properties of his own. He died on July 21, 1867 in the Dalhautsi Monastery (Romania). The Sliven Hospital was established in the spring of 1879. Nowadays it is a leading medical institution in Sliven and in the Sliven region. In 1956 it was awarded the name of the distinguished doctor, teacher and public figure Dr. Ivan Seliminski. On April 7, 1980 a monument of Dr. Ivan Seliminski was inaugurated in front of the administrative building of the hospital.
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