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Digital Economy Law a Reality Manifested in Legal Reports of Production, Commerce, Services and Public Administration

Author(s): Manole Decebal Bogdan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Online transactions are a certainty of the moment in all social and economic fields. Digital economy has been part of everyday normality for a long time. The legislation that regulates legal relations is not updated and there is no clear perspective by which to confirm the imposition of "digital economy law" in society. The acts of commerce, services, and production in which the digital society participates (hard, software, networks and augmented reality) develop, in themselves, a number of legal subjects and a large palette of contractual or tortious civil responsibilities that do not have a clear regulation. Through this research, we are trying to launch a current and forward-looking topic to the public professional debate to lay the foundations for the "Digital Economy Right". The research methods used are observation of flows and case studies of "artificial intelligence" used through software in the private and public economy; reporting of legal subjects involved in legal relations to the legal norm. The implications of the study are relevant for the whole society, but also for legal professionals. The results constitute benchmarks for the debate and drafting of the future legal norms necessary to harmonize the international legislation of classical law with the law of artificial intelligence.

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Digital Identity as the Element of Concept of Service-Oriented State

Author(s): Vira Tokareva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to consider the digital identity as a key element of the service-oriented state (e-governance). In the first section the background of developing the service-oriented state in the EU and Ukraine are discussed. It has been established that with the spread of Covid-19, The Government of Ukraine declared on course towards of paperless public services. Due to the full-scale escalation of conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the Government of Ukraine speed- up the processes of transforming public administrative services into e-services. Digital identity is supposed to be one of the elements of e-governance alongside with remote identification (biometric authentication), the digital money, secure payments and online banking etc. In the second section the category of digital identity and close related categories are revealed. The differences between digital identity, digital profile (account), avatar and electronic entity are proved. On the basis of the conducted research, the features and constituent elements of digital identity were determined and proposals were developed to improve the legislation in Ukraine. The necessity to study the digital identity as the essential component of service-oriented state, online banking, e-commerce and in light of the War in Ukraine and seeking way of renovation legislation is founded.

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Artificial intelligence, its application and development prospects in the context of state security

Author(s): Igor Britchenko,Krzysztof Chochowski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Security was, is and will be one of the basic human needs. The state is naturally predestined to satisfy it. Various authorities and its structures perform a number of functions and tasks in the area of security, while increasingly using ICT and artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI for short). Today, we observe the process of the constant expansion of the list of countries using AI in order to ensure the state of security, although depending on the system in force in them, its intensity and depth of interference in the sphere of rights and freedoms of an individual are different. The purpose of this article is to define what is AI, which is applicable in the area of state security, and to indicate the prospects for the development of AI. The historical method was used as the leading one in the research process, supported by the comparative method and the dogmatic method. The development of AI in the field of security is inevitable. There is a danger of the uncontrolled development of AI and its alienation. AI will be transferred into space, enabling man to exploit it economically. It is necessary to take steps to enact legal regulations, including international ones, which will cover the methods and scope of AI use in the sphere of both military and non-military security.

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„Умните граници“ като отговор на рисковете от имиграция и тероризъм в ЕС

Author(s): Stavri Yordanov Ferdov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Scientific report studies the lasts measures of EU institutions for combating against immigration and terroristic threats. Focus is to the conception of „smart borders“ and use of temporary technological achievement and their application in border control in EU and Bulgaria as an external border of EU. Smart technological approaches at different types of borders of Bulgaria: earth, see and air are researched. Relationship between technic and officers are analyzed. Conclusions about tendencies and contradiction between security and fundamental rights of citizens, crossing the borders and way of reducing of this contradiction are made.

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Изкуствен интелект и асиметрични войни, водени от Русия

Author(s): Yordan Ivanov Bakalov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Artificial intelligence is the future of all humanity, and by betting on AI, Russia sees itself in direct geopolitical competition with the US and China, but it lags behind in science and development in this area. Politically, the Russian government is unlikely to dramatically increase investment in emerging technologies, given the country's old hydrocarbon-based extractive economy. For Russian strategic thought in foreign policy, information warfare is an integral part and the line between conventional and asymmetric warfare is blurred. In order for Europe and the US to cope with the new type of hyper-war caused by AI, a dynamic model of countering asymmetric threats must be developed. Governments, large non-profit organizations should also invest in research that will assess the short-term and long-term consequences of the use of AI.

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Роля на системите с изкуствен интелект в разузнавателната дейност

Author(s): Vasil Hristov Georgiev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report explores the areas of application of artificial intelligence systems in intelligence activities.

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Войната в Украйна и използването на оръжия от ново поколение

Author(s): Petar Yordanov Nenkov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The color revolution in Ukraine started in 2013. Gradually, the tension escalated into armed clashes between Euromaidan supporters and the law enforcement authorities, which led to a coup in Kyiv. The eastern provinces of Ukraine, inhabited by a Russian-speaking population, declared against the violent change of power. In Donetsk and Luhansk, separatist republics were established. The authorities in Kyiv sent troops to quell their rebellion. On March 16, 2014, a referendum was held on Crimea's accession to Russia. On February 24, 2022, the armed forces of Russia invaded Ukraine. In hostilities, both sides use modern weaponry. The supplies of military equipment from NATO and the EU to the government in Kyiv are not stopping. Thus, the military conflict in Ukraine became internationalized and turned the country into a testing ground for weapons of the latest generation.

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Регулиране и контрол в банковите институции на климатичните и екологични рискове

Author(s): Rumen Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Banks are under increasing pressure to implement working mechanisms to control climate risks and to support the socio-economic cause of sustainable development. This pressure comes from two sides, one with governments through new regulations and the other with investors aware of the threat to the bank’s assets.Banking regulators around the world are adopting new rules to limit openness to climate risks and require stress tests to be conducted soon.

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Автоматичното попълване от Национална агенция за приходите на годишните данъчни декларации на физическите лица като фактор за защита на фискалната сигурност на държавата и интересите и правата на задължените лица

Author(s): Nedyalka Ivanova Petrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report examines the application of artificial intelligence in the autofill by the National Revenue Agency of the annual tax returns of natural persons. A clear justification shall be made as to why this directly affects the fiscal security of the state and the rights and interests of obliged persons.

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Artificial intelligence in criminal law and its application in criminal procedure

Author(s): Aleksandra Jovanović / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

One of the basic characteristics and needs of modern society is represented by information and communication technologies and within them artificial intelligence. Due to the increasing use and importance of artificial intelligence, the author analyzed the legal framework for the application of artificial intelligence. The main intention of the author is, with the help of the analytical method, to convey the theoretical and legal determinations that are present during fifty years of research and dealing with issues in the field of artificial intelligence, knowledge and correct reasoning. By pointing out the importance of the future application of artificial intelligence, which represents a strategic point and the driver of efficient business in numerous European countries, including Serbia, as a result, the author points to the ever-increasing need and importance of its application, as well as the legal regulation of the application of artificial intelligence. The goal of the article is to point out the importance of future research on artificial intelligence in various areas of law, all with the aim of legal regulation of the application of artificial intelligence in the judiciary, which has the potential to represent a technology of general application in the future.

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Привилегиите на монарха и сигурността на държавата в следосвобожденска България (1878 – 1946 г.)

Author(s): Georgi Lyubenov Manolov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines the nature and scale of privileges in the post-liberation Bulgarian reality. A special place is given to the privileges of the monarch, as well as to those of the deputies and the executive. Based on this, relevant conclusions are drawn about the privileges in the context of the national security of the state.

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Обществените манипулации в съвременната политика – неизменен елемент от структурата на хибридното управление

Author(s): Ivan Stoychev Vinarov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The current report examines the essence of public manipulation in modern politics in modern politics, refracted through the prism of hybrid governance – a new phenomenon characteristics of the era of the „information society“. The main marketing elements on which the manipulative process is based are presented. The fundamental concepts, including „political communication“, „information“, „political propaganda“, etc., are briefly examined. Attention is paid to artificial intelligence and the importance of modern mass media. The main aim of the study is to establish (still only at a theoretical level) where the tangent lies between public manipulation and hybrid governance and which of its two main components is subject to manipulative interventions. In conclusion, we distinguish between „hybrid gover¬nance“ (characteristic of domestic politics) and „hybrid wars“ (on the international stage). The text presents both the author's theses, definitions and assumptions, as well as opinions and theoretical constructions of the widely recognized authorities on the subject in Bulgaria, among whom are G. Manolov, T. Mitev, M. Mirchev, G. Yankov, P. Todorov, D. Kanev, A. Todorov, I. Nikolov, D. Peycheva, V. Stanev, G. Angelova, etc., as well as on some Internet sources.

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Изкуственият интелект и конфликтът с ислямската теология в Европа

Author(s): Asen Kolev Asenov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The role of artificial intelligence is an essential point in the theology of Islam, which, as a religion of nearly 1.7 billion people, occupies an important place in the way of life of the Muslim community. In Islamic theology, it is categorically stated that Allah „created“ man, gave him water, fruits and sustenance. This moment of the Holy Qur'an shows that any attempt to change this basic thesis will be rejected and not recognized by the Muslim community. Its uniqueness is a fundamental postulate in Islam, and this can be the basis for rejecting artificial intelligence. Thus, in certain situations, with just one fatwa, the relationship between Muslims and Christians in Europe can be changed in a very short time in a negative aspect, and artificial intelligence can become an occasion for a holy war (jihad). The subject of an impending conflict between artificial intelligence and Islamic theology is real. At this stage, these processes are not yet registered, but they are coming as a serious test for the future of humanity.

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Изкуствен интелект в корпоративната сигурност

Author(s): Ilian Ivanov Yordanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The synergy between technical advancement, the search for higher business results and human intelligence is mandatory as a factor for corporate security, and the intersection between artificial intelligence as an innovation and corporate security is only possible through the bridge of human judgment.

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Изкуственият интелект в сферата на сигурността – предимства и недостатъци

Author(s): Hristo Dimitrov Varin / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

As technology advances, improves, and enters our daily lives, it seems that artificial intelligence will be an important part of the world's technological future. That is why it is important to know and study the subject in depth. In the presented work, we will first consider what artificial intelligence is, how it works, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its „presence“ in cyber security and warfare.

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Иновации, предприемачество и изкуствен интелект в корпоративната сигурност

Author(s): Ilian Ivanov Yordanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The intersection points in the triad – innovation, entrepreneurship and artificial intelligence and corporate security show that a balance is needed between the pace of development of innovation and artificial intelligence and the adaptation of different social groups, as well as the retraining of the workforce in accordance with the technological changes of business processes and change in the business environment as a whole.

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Подходи за повишаване на готовността и способностите на ГД „Пожарна безопасност и защита на населението“ и нейните териториални структури за реагиране и бързо възстановяване след наводнения

Author(s): Stiliyan Ognyanov Krotnev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

General Directorate „Fire Safety and Protection of the Population“ – Ministry of Interior is a national specialized structure of the Ministry of Interior for ensuring fire safety, rescue and protection in case of disasters under the terms and conditions of the Ministry of Interior and the Disaster Protection Act.

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Политическото измерение на църковната собственост (XVII век)

Author(s): Xavier Godin / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The relationship between the king and the church in France during the Ancien Régime (16th-18th centuries) can be well explained by the issue of property. In the 1670s, Colbert called for a complete reform of royal landholdings in Brittany, with mandatory justification for all alienations. The reform was critical to many landlords, especially the church, since some portions of their lands had encroached on the royal domain. The review of suspected frauds and purchases proved the king's sovereign power in a pays d’états and the crucial role of the domanialité in the Kingdom of France during the 17th century.

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Convergence of the GDP Structures of CEE Countries to the Euro Area

Author(s): Nikolay Velichkov,Dimitar Damyanov D. / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper attempts to find out to what extent CEE countries are converging towards the euro area in terms of their GDP structures. To achieve our objectives, we use a beta-convergence econometric approach that relies on fixed effects panel data estimation. We estimate a simple equation for all GDP structures and compare the results between two groups of countries. The results obtained from the empirical analysis indicate that there is a process of beta convergence in the GDP structures of the CEE countries towards the euro area. The intensity of this process shows certain specifics both in relation to the countries in and outside the euro area, and in relation to individual structural components. The increasing structural similarity does not exclude the manifestation of certain negative influences on macroeconomic dynamics, which could reduce the intensity of the real convergence process.

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Some Speculations on Measurability with WERY (War Economic Recovery Index)

Author(s): Elena Simeonova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper proposes and conceptually outlines an author’s composite indicator for measuring from political risk perspective the economic recovery after the current Russian-Ukrainian war. The core assumption is that the economic recovery is inevitable according to the general law of systems and the cyclicality. The aim is by combining and amending available measuring tools to propose new derivative which gives a different prospective economic recovery measurement. As a measurement tool, WERI is not yet complete and will be subject to future refinement and development. It should be perceived as a kind of manifestation of the author's passion for measurement and the construction of measuring tools.

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