ДЕСТАБИЛИЗИРАЩИЯТ ХАРАКТЕР НА ЕТНОРЕЛИГИОЗНИТЕ РАЗЛОМИ В РЕПУБЛИКА СЕВЕРНА МАКЕДОНИЯ

Author(s): Goran Stojkovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The ethno-religious clevages in Macedonian society are the subject of the study. This social rifts are considered as a conflictogenic, which provokes persistent sense of danger into collective mind of the ethno-religious communities. Then in turn, this triggers a protective reflex in response of the danger. The working hypothesis of the study states: ethno religious rifts are conflitogenic which continue to represent destabilizing of the political system factors, while social cohesion has not yet been achieved the desired level. The direct observation of the social life and political process, as well as comparing, are a methods of the research. The conclusions of the research states: the problem of the conflicting ethnoreligious rifts into Republic of North Macedonia has been mastered, but not eliminated as whole, despite signed agreement before quart of the century for regulation this problem. The aim of this research was to product a usefully elaboration which would be helpful for current and future scientific research related to this issue.

SHOULD BULGARIA WAIT FOR 90% REAL CONVERGENCE BEFORE JOINING THE EUROZONE?

Author(s): Georgi Ganev / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

In the lively public policy debate in Bulgaria on the country joining the Eurozone, a claim is being made that real convergence of at least 90% is a crucial precondition for joining and therefore Bulgaria should wait until the early 2040s, because only then it is expected to achieve such convergence. The claim is supported with theoretical arguments, empirical evidence and forecasts. Here they are examined in some detail in the context of Bulgaria’s unique position as a country in the EU with a Currency board regime anchored in the euro. It is concluded that economic theory does not pose a requirement for any level of real convergence for an economic area to join a monetary union. In theory, problems due to a less-rich country joining a more affluent monetary union may, but also may not, cause problems such as excess inflation or amplified business cycle. It is also concluded that neither the claim that there exists a convergence threshold of 90% of real income per capita, nor the claim that Bulgaria will necessarily need at least two decades to reach it can withstand even most elementary checks for empirical robustness. Both the theoretical and the empirical claims that Bulgaria should wait for a 90% real convergence until at least the early 2040s before joining the Eurozone are found to have no real economic foundation.

SOME MISCONCEPTIONS THAT HINDER THE DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE FOR FULL AND MEANINGFUL YOUTH PARTICIPATION

Author(s): Liliya Elenkova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The article is dedicated to some misconceptions that modern society and its systems create among young people and how this affects their active and meaningful participation. The research interest was provoked by a series of observations while the author works with young people as a youth worker, researcher and lecturer in the field of youth policy. This experience outlined the mix use of certain notions that are indicative about confusions either at the level of the terminology or rather is a manifestation of deficit of knowledge of youth policies as public policies. The study takes active and meaningful youth participation as its object, and the various contemporary misconceptions of the mentioned below aspects and their respective impact as its subject of study. Its main goal is to clarify and harmonize the understanding of key issues that today's society constantly raises and to discuss how misconceptions directly affect and influence, most negatively, active and meaningful youth participation. This will improve the understanding of the role of the younger generation in various processes, as well as improve intergenerational dialogue and create a better environment for the development of teams, organizations and communities and their management.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИЯТ ПОДХОД ВЪВ ФИНАНСОВАТА СИГУРНОСТ

Author(s): Nedko Krumov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

This article examines the role of the strategic approach in financial security. Its effective implementation is the basis for effective national policies in a number of other sectors. In the absence of such an approach, there will be not only missed benefits, but also inefficient administrative processes and practices. An example is the negative impact of corruption on the possibility of introducing appropriate environmental policies to limit the negative effects of anthropogenic climate change. In the absence of a strategic approach, most activities are reactive and are implemented as a result of international requirements. Such an example in Bulgaria are the measures aimed at improving the system for preventing and countering money laundering and terrorist financing.

Бедност и социално изключване

Author(s): Mihail Ivanov Mihaylov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 21/2025

Poverty is the most serious social problem globally and nationally because it affects both individuals and society as a whole. As a social phenomenon, it is inherent to varying degrees in both developed and developing countries. Poverty and social exclusion affect all areas of social life and threaten the social, economic, educational, health, demographic and political stability of a country. Only with the joint efforts of the entire state, institutions and society can the fight against poverty yield satisfactory results.

Защита на киберсигурността в България

Author(s): Rusi Vladimirov Yanev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 21/2025

The article describes and explains the main components of cyber security protection in Bulgaria. On the basis of the derived concepts „information security“, „cyber security“, „cyber resilience“, the guidelines for adopting and implementing effective and efficient measures for the prevention of cybercrime are substantiated. The main administrative documents and legal acts for the protection of cyber security at the national level have been analyzed. After a legal analysis, possible vulnerabilities, threats and risks for cyber security in Bulgaria have been synthesized.

Практически аспекти на икономическата сигурност

Author(s): Vesselin Panov Loulanski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 21/2025

Since the first official use of the term „economic security“ by a Japanese government source in the 70s of the 20th century, the concept has not lost its relevance, and without suffering any additional syntactic processing, due to its extreme clarity and pragmatism, it continues to enrich its empirical field, because of the increase in the application of economic planning tools, economic competition and opposition. The article aims to examine the theory and the main points in the practical implementation of economic security and to highlight some aspects in view of their key importance for the future achievement of the goals of economic security.

Проблемите при данъчното облагане с косвени данъци – изпитание пред публичните финанси

Author(s): Boyko Mitkov Petev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 21/2025

The object of taxation is the income of individuals and legal entities, received from certain activities, acquisition of property, etc. Income taxation is direct and indirect and is carried out in compliance with legal provisions. Deliberate submission of tax returns with incorrect and false information about realized income, with the aim of paying taxes in a small amount or not paying their real amount. Income taxation is carried out in two ways: voluntarily, by submitting annual tax returns; forcibly, by carrying out tax checks and audits, during which hidden incomes are established, the due taxes are charged, which are paid into the budget.

HARMONY IN CONSTRUCTION: UNRAVELLING STAKEHOLDER DYNAMICS IN A COMMUNITY-CENTRIC PROJECT

Author(s): Monwabisi Siwakhile Xegwana / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2023

The successful delivery of construction projects is contingent upon a myriad of factors, with effective stakeholder management standing out as a linchpin in the intricate web of project dynamics. This study aimed at exploring the dynamics of stakeholder relationships in the construction project and provide insights that can inform both theory and practice in the realm of construction project management. Qualitative approach was used to explore the dynamics of stakeholder relationships during the delivery of a construction project. Semi structured interviews municipal mangers, project managers and focus group discussions were conducted community members. Political interference and lack of community involvement were found to have negative impact toward on the delivery of construction project. Politicisation of service delivery by ward councillors have been found to have to be the causal factor for lack of community involvement during the delivery of construction projects. Project managers and practitioners should adopt a nuanced approach that extends beyond conventional planning and execution, recognizing the socioeconomic and cultural intricacies of the community. The success of construction projects, as evidenced in Kayamandi, hinges on fostering collaboration and building partnerships with local entities. This study contributes to the evolving discourse on construction project management, theory, policy and practice in terms of stakeholder engagement strategies in the delivery of construction projects within the broader municipal landscape.

SMART CITIES AND THE PANDEMIC: CHALLENGES, SOLUTIONS AND PROSPECTS

Author(s): Ioana-Maria Ursache / Language(s): English Issue: 30 Special/2023

As cities continue to evolve and face new challenges, the principles of smart cities - technology integration, data utilisation, sustainability, and community engagement - will remain vital in shaping the future of urban development. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of these principles, highlighting their relevance and impact on enhancing the well-being of urban residents. This paper explores the evolving landscape of smart cities in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, delving into how cities are reimagining urban development to address the challenges they face. It examines the pivotal role of technology, data-driven decision-making, and sustainability in shaping the future of cities. Through a comprehensive analysis of key trends and best practices, this paper offers insights into how smart cities are navigating the post-pandemic era to create more resilient, sustainable, and inclusive urban environments that enhance the well-being of their residents.

Online Activism and Political Knowledge among Nigerian Youth during the 2023 Elections: Analyzing the Role of Online Information Sources

Author(s): Bolanle Akeusola / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This study appraises the nexus between online activism, political knowledge, and the mediating influence of diverse online information sources among Nigerian youth during the 2023 elections. Through an analysis of these relationships, this study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the role digital spaces play in shaping political awareness among young individuals. Specifically, this study seeks to examine whether engagement in online activism during the 2023 Nigerian elections positively correlates with increased levels of political knowledge among Nigerian youth and whether the influence of engagement in online activism on political knowledge is mediated by the extent of exposure to diverse online information sources. This study employs a quantitative approach that incorporates techniques such as Pearson’s correlation and mediation analysis. Data were collected through an online survey of 409 Nigerian youth aged 18–35 years. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between engagement in online activism and political knowledge, substantiating the hypothesis that active participation in digital advocacy activities enhances political awareness among Nigerian youths. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that exposure to diverse online information sources mediates the relationship between engagement in online activism and political knowledge, emphasizing the role of online platforms as conduits for political information and awareness. These findings underscore the pivotal role of online platforms in shaping the political knowledge landscape of Nigerian youth during the 2023 elections.

Strategic Studies and the New Geopolitical International Scenario

Author(s): Mirela Metushaj,Elira Luli / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This paper explores the evolving field of strategic studies in light of the new geopolitical international scenario characterized by multipolarity, hybrid warfare, and technological competition. It examines the historical development of strategic studies, the implications of contemporary geopolitical trends, and the need for adaptation within the field to address complex security challenges. Ultimately, it argues that a redefined approach to strategic studies is essential for effective policy formulation and national security in an increasingly interconnected and contested world. Strategic studies is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the analysis of power dynamics, military strategy, and national security within the broader framework of international relations. It encompasses the examination of how states and non-state actors utilize power to achieve their objectives, particularly in the realm of conflict and security.

Hybrid Security in the Post-Modern Era: Challenges and Responses in International Relations

Author(s): Andreea-Loredana Tudor / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The contemporary international system faces a diversity of security threats, in the context of an international dynamic that is in continuous change. Moreover, we can note the existence of economic interdependence, multipolarity, and the acceleration of technological progress. Thus, the international society faces complex security challenges, including hybrid threats, the escalation of cyber conflicts, the intensification of geopolitical competition, and the increase in vulnerabilities associated with climate crises and social instability. The transitional space between peace and war has expanded, transforming into a zone of unconventional conflict, characterized by threats such as propaganda, cyberattacks, and disinformation. The asymmetric practices adopted by certain states generate an intensification of concerns at the international level, determining an acute need for cooperation between actors, in order to build a common front against hybrid threats. The concept of hybrid security has developed as a specific response to the postmodern era, aiming to combat conventional and unconventional attacks in a highly interconnected international system. This research aims to analyse, through a multidisciplinary approach, the reactions of the international community to such challenges, as well as the main instruments developed by leading global actors, such as the European Union and NATO, in managing them. The study also identifies and examines the main types of hybrid threats, approached through the lens of classical theories of international relations. Finally, the paper discusses aspects related to global governance in the context of a multipolar world and explores possible responses, both from a theoretical and applied perspective, to the stated security challenges. This approach contributes to a deeper understanding of the adaptation and resilience mechanisms of the international system in the face of new forms of hybrid conflict.

Европейската отбрана и Тръмп 2.0

Author(s): Vasil Hristov Georgiev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The study examines the impact of Donald Trump's 2024 victory on the European Union's strategic autonomy and its relations with NATO. The author analyzes the complex dynamics between Europe's defense needs and its reliance on U.S. guarantees, emphasizing the EU's insufficient military capabilities. The importance of EU-NATO synergy in effectively addressing threats such as hybrid attacks and regional conflicts is highlighted.

A kínai „adósságcsapda-diplomácia” kritikus megközelítése: egy mém térnyerése

Author(s): Deborah Brautigam / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 33/2024

Alacsony szén-dioxid-kibocsátás – alacsony bérek? Kína, mint az elektromobilitás piaca és gyártási bázisa

Author(s): Boy Lüthje,Wei Zhao,Danielle Wu / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 33/2024

Truizmy Jenny Holzer jako kontrhegemoniczna praktyka artystyczna

Author(s): Magdalena Adamska-Kijko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

Celem artykułu jest interpretacja strategii artystycznych wykorzystanych przez amerykańską artystkę neokonceptualną Jenny Holzer w pracy Truizmy w kontekście agonistycznej koncepcji polityki Chantal Mouffe. Powstały pod koniec lat 70. XX wieku ciąg wzajemnie wykluczających się znaczeniowo jednowersówek, pozbawionych autora, multiplikowany w różnorodnych formach i obszarach życia codziennego – od przedmiotów jednorazowego użytku, takich jak długopisy czy prezerwatywy, aż po tablice świetlne na Times Square – staje się doskonałą metonimią tego, co można nazwać wiedzą potoczną. Powielając pracę w różnorodnych formach i kontekstach od końcówki lat 70. XX wieku aż do dziś, Holzer obnaża sposoby uprawomocniania się przestrzeni dyskursywnych, próbując włączyć do niej swój własny język.

Małe miasta protestują. Obraz prowincji na fotografiach Archiwum Protestów Publicznych

Author(s): Karolina Gembara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

National Security Intelligence and Business Intelligence: A Comparative Analysis

Author(s): Constantin Bratianu,Nicolae Alexandru BUDEANU / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Being one of the most important assets in governmental organizations and private companies, intelligence became a subject of interest for both researchers and practitioners in the last decades. In the literature, the concept of “intelligence” has got many meanings and interpretations, like psychological intelligence, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, social intelligence, organizational intelligence, business intelligence, competitive intelligence, and national security intelligence. The core meaning of all these different specialized concepts remains the same: the capacity of processing data, information, and knowledge. Their differences come from the context in which these processes operates and the mission of the organizational structures which perform these specific processes. Business intelligence and competitive intelligence are characteristics of private companies, while national security intelligence is characteristic for the state-owned institutions. This paper aims to present a comparative analysis between business intelligence and national security intelligence based on a critical literature review and adopting a knowledge management perspective. The value of the present paper comes from the semantic tool used in our comparative analysis and the perspective of knowledge management adopted.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА МИГРАЦИЯТА

Author(s): Diana Sabotinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01 BG/2024

This article discusses the integrated framework to maximize the development impacts of cross-border movements on both destination and origin countries and on migrants and refugees themselves. The framework it offers, drawn from labor economics and international law, rests on a “match and motive” matrix that focuses on two factors: how closely migrants' skills and attributes match the needs of destination countries and what motives underlie their movements. This approach enables policy makers to distinguish between different types of movements and to design migration policies for each. International cooperation will be critical to the effective governance of migration.