SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN BULGARIA – A NEW MODEL OF GOOD PRACTICES

Author(s): Dimitar Petkov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The rise of transnational organized crime poses a significant threat to national security frameworks worldwide. In Bulgaria, the intersection of these challenges with political instability, economic transformations, and technological advancements necessitates a reevaluation of existing security practices. This study proposes a conceptual framework that integrates international standards and localized adaptations to address these challenges effectively. Utilizing a combination of literature review, qualitative analysis, and case studies, this paper identifies the critical gaps in current security policies and presents evidence-based recommendations. The findings emphasize the importance of innovative technologies, stakeholder collaboration, and comprehensive policy reforms to enhance Bulgaria’s capacity to combat organized crime.

Предизвикателството финансова оценка на археологическа недвижима културна ценност

Author(s): Violeta Sekiranova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Archaeological sites, due to their complex nature, present a serious challenge to financial evaluation. An archaeological site is an immovable cultural property (ICP) with the category of national importance – public state property, which limits the applicable assessment methods. It is a composite property – terrain that can include underground and above-ground settlements, (remains of) buildings, facilities, and infrastructure, exposed in situ objects and movable cultural values, architectural and artistic elements, etc., which expand the scope of the financial assessment. The financial value of the rights to the site is calculated in whole or in part as requested by the principal. The absence of a methodology for financial evaluation of archaeological immovable cultural property (AICP) further complicates the determination of value. This paper is an attempt to formulate criteria for selecting a method for financial evaluation of AICP, based on the independent evaluation practice and illustrated by two sites: the Eastern mound near the village of Karanovo and the Settlement mound near the village of Dyadovo, Nova Zagora.

Ready Or Not? Archaeological Heritage and Local Policies in Poland

Author(s): Aleksandra Chabiera / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article presents preliminary results of the survey conducted among Polish municipalities, researching the use of archaeological heritage in local development documents. These documents are: the Municipal Monuments Care programme, the Revitalisation Programme and the Development Strategy. The survey response rate was above 20%, which enables us to extrapolate results to the entire population. Altogether, the results of the survey show that archaeological heritage is underrepresented in local strategy documents, included more often in diagnosis (description of local assets) than in directions of interventions and projects planned for implementation. The role of archaeological heritage in community development is not framed exclusively by these policies but also by activities of other stakeholders. The research, along with earlier surveys and studies, shows that there are significant areas for improvement in regard to cooperation between stakeholders involved in archaeological heritage research and management.

The Strained Relationship Between Archaeology and Treasure Hunting in the Light of Legislative Changes in Poland

Author(s): Diana Mroczek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This paper aims to analyse the relationship between archaeologists and treasure hunters in Poland, focusing on the impact of recent legislative changes. It examines both communities' positions on the amendment to the Act of 23 July 2003, which permits metal detecting with a yet-to-be-developed mobile app. This paper focuses on the recent legislative amendment allowing metal detecting with a mobile app. It examines the legal and social dynamics, exploring potential cooperation while addressing risks posed by artefact commodification. Structured around the historical context, legal framework, and stakeholder perspectives, the paper concludes that while regulated cooperation between archaeologists and treasure hunters could improve heritage preservation, the amendment risks fuelling illegal markets and weakening protection efforts. The paper stresses the need for more resources, specialised training, and further analysis to ensure the protection of archaeological heritage in Poland.

Uwagi na temat Wojny Sześciodniowej i postawy emigracji niepodległościowej wobec konfliktu arabsko-izraelskiego i antysemickich działań władz PRL 1967-1968

Author(s): Jacek Danel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2016

Artykuł przypomina genezę i przebieg konfliktu izraelsko-arabskiego w latach 60., w tym Wojnę Sześciodniową oraz stosunek emigracji polskiej w Londynie do wydarzeń. Autor artykułu porównuje antysemicką politykę władz komunistycznych w Polsce z postawami proniepodległościowej Emigracji Polskiej w Londynie. Polskie środowiska emigracyjne zdecydowanie stoją po stronie izraelskiej.

Režimi moći u postjugoslovenskom prostoru

Author(s): Milan Podunavac / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 2/2024

The study is divided in the three parts. In the first step disolution of former Yugoslavia is described within the broader space of legitimacy theory. In the second focus is on rise of negative politics and negative political regimes. The last chapter describes the typology of power regimes.

Печатните медии като обект на тероризма

Author(s): Teodora Savova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

An individual's individual needs are not always personal and can be influenced by cultural or social conditions. In other words, individual needs, motives, and media use are related to external factors that are not always under the individual's control. These external factors act as constraints on the use of a particular media and influence the availability of other non-media alternatives. Furthermore, the more alternatives an individual has to satisfy his or her needs, the less he or she will depend on a particular media

Aneksja Krymu z perspektywy dekady. Wnioski dla zagrożonych rosyjską agresją

Author(s): Wojciech Łysek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2024

The main aim of this paper is to present the annexation process of Ukrainian Crimea by Russia from the perspective of a decade. There have been lived numerous Russian‑ speaking people, and a large community of Crimean Tatars. Hence, it is worth analyzing the reconstruction of the annexation of Crimea by presenting the Russian narrative from the Revolution of Dignity to the referendum in Crimea; discussion of the resistance of the Crimean Tatars and Russian repression. The paper will be based on a behavioral approach. It will focus on content analysis: state documents, politicians’ speeches, press materials, analysis, and literature. As a result of the paper, it will find the best strategy for states, which are potentially threatened by Russian aggression.

Uwarunkowania geopolityczne zapory Nowa Kachowka w Ukrainie. Weaponizacja zapór wodnych jako hydropolitycznych zagrożeń egzystencjalnych w ramach krytycznej analizy dyskursu bezpieczeństwa wodnego w XXI w.

Author(s): Marek Musioł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2024

This article analyzes the geopolitical significance of the Nova Kakhovka Dam during the period of 2022‑ 2023, with a focus on its role as a potential existential threat within the critical discourse of water security. The analysis is framed within the context of hydropolitics and critical hydrographic geopolitics, situated within the broader theoretical framework of critical security studies. Through in‑ depth research on the discourse and language of security related to this issue, the article assesses the strategic implications of the dam for regional security and international relations. Special emphasis is placed on the period following the Russian aggression in February 2022, leading up to the dam’s destruction by Russian forces in June 2023. Consequently, this article serves as a valuable resource for analysts and policymakers involved in the formulation of water security strategies and agendas.

Maciej Mróz, Wybrane aspekty relacji polsko‑litewskich w latach 1991‑2019 i ich wpływ na kondycję mniejszości polskiej w Republice Litewskiej. Raport, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 2020, ss. 97

Author(s): Zbigniew Kurcz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2024

The Narratives of Hate Used by Romanian Parties Labelled as Far-Right. A Comparative Narrative Analysis

Author(s): Susana Dragomir,Ioan Hosu / Language(s): English Issue: 64/2023

This article presents a qualitative comparative analysis of the primary hate narratives employed by three political parties: the Iron Guard Party propaganda, the Greater Romania Party (PRM), and the Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR). The study focuses on the following variables: ‘foreigners,’ ‘freemasons,’ ‘Jews,’ ‘protection of Faith and Nation,’ and ‘rotten political elites.’ The analysis is based on official propaganda materials of each party, including patriotic songs, leaflets, newspapers, programmatic documents, and speeches of the leader for the Iron Guard. In the case of the PRM, the analysis includes the party’s official program, ideology, poems, and pamphlets by the leader (Corneliu Vadim Tudor), speeches, interviews, press articles, and extracts from party journals Romania Mare (Greater Romania) and Tricolorul. The AUR’s official website, political program and ideology, Facebook posts, pages, press interviews, articles, and speeches of its leaders constitute the object of analysis. The narratives extracted were analyzed using the ATLAS.ti software, revealing striking resemblances among the hate narratives employed by the parties.

UTICAJ EKONOMSKIH I POLITIČKIH FAKTORA NA MIGRACIJE PREMA EU - STUDIJA SLUČAJA : SIRIJA I LIBIJA

Author(s): Milica Djurovic / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 2/2024

In this paper, I will deal with political and economic factors that initially affect migration towards the EU. I believe that the aforementioned factors are crucial when it comes to migration towards the European Union, as a destination that, for political and economic reasons, can offer migrants a refuge and some kind of economic security, which they need in a specific circumstances, out of border of their home countries. In this sense, on concrete examples of Syria and Libya i will consider the crucial reasons from the corpus of the aforementioned factors and how they contributed to population migration towards the European Union.

MIGRACIJE NA ISTOČNOJ OBALI JADRANA U FUNCIJI INTERKULTURNOG DIJALOGA - STUDIJA SLUČAJA CRNOGORSKE ZAJEDNICE U PEROJU

Author(s): Dragan Bogojevic,Adnan Prekic / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 2/2024

The article highlights key elements of intercultural dialogue on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. The subject of the research is the aspects of establishing intercultural relations between the immigrant Montenegrin national community in Peroj and the local population. With the consent of the Venetian Republic, they settled in the then-abandoned place in 1657, which had been devastated by a plague epidemic. In addition to the historical context of the migration of this community, the research will particularly focus on brief accounts of Montenegrins in Peroj found in two works by the French travel writer Charles Yriarte. The reference is to the book Bosnie et Herzégovine – souvenirs de voyage pendant l’insurrection 1875-1876, from 1876, and the luxurious work Les Bords de l’Adriatique et le Monténégro from 1878, which will be used to analyze the position of the Montenegrin immigrant community in Istria. The article also aims to highlight the positive symbolic importance of fostering intercultural dialogue in our contemporary Adriatic environment, particularly in relation to the oldest Montenegrin diaspora in Peroj, through the cultivation of awareness of origin and the preservation of religious, cultural, and linguistic identity.

SEKURITIZACIJA MIGRACIJA KROZ MEDIJSKA IZVJEŠTAVANJA: SLUČAJ CRNE GORE

Author(s): Jelisaveta Blagojević Miljanić,Radenko Šćekić / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 2/2024

The principal objective of this paper is to conduct a critical analysis of the complexities inherent in media coverage of the security aspects of migration. In other words the study seeks to address the following research question: How have Montenegrin media reported on the migration wave from the Middle East and North Africa, beginning in 2011, as well as the significant influx of Ukrainian refugees from 2022 to the present? The findings suggest that media narratives in Montenegro are shaped by the country’s broader foreign policy objectives, particularly those concerning Montenegro’s accession to the European Union.

MIGRACIJE KAO SIGURNOSNI IZAZOV ZA EU

Author(s): Milica Djurovic / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 2/2024

Analysis and Evaluation of the Quality of the Services Provided by BSR „Passengers“ LTD

Author(s): Borislav Arnaudov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Railway transport allows people to enjoy the freedom to travel, while simultaneously creating economic growth and jobs. Its technological development is of key importance for any modern society, as it helps the achievement of social and regional cohesion. At the same time, it needs to be sustainable, considering the increased amount of resources that goes into carrying out freights and ecological restrictions. The supply of high-quality transport services in synergy with modern infrastructure is vital for highlighting the economic strengths of each individual region in the country, as well as facilitating economic and social cohesion. Effective transport services influence the competitiveness of commerce, accessibility and prices. The quality of the services provided by BSR has a strong reflection on production processes and the selection of trading partners. The purpose of the study is to analyze the primary indicators that influence the quality of the transport services that BSR provides. The factors that determine the behavior of transport service consumers when they choose their mode of transportation have been analyzed. The quality of freights carried out by the national railway carrier has been evaluated. At the end of the study the achieved results are outlined and specific recommendations pertaining to the development of railway transport in Bulgaria are made.

Progress of Renewable Energy Use in EU Countries – Statistical Analysis of Trends and Factors

Author(s): Sonia Chipeva,Ventsislava Stoyanova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The use of renewable energy sources is an important aspect of economic development throughout the world, including Europe, as it provides clean energy and contributes significantly to environmental transformation. Three clusters of EU countries are identified concerning their progress of the share of renewable energy (SRE) use in gross energy consumption for 2004-2022 applying cluster analysis based on the SRE trends in the period. Effects of important factors for expanding SRE are analyzed by developing a set of econometric models of renewable energy use in main sectors of energy balance – electricity, transport and cooling & heating.

Stewardship Concept and G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2023

Author(s): Bistra Boeva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The paper examines the specific topic within corporate governance and capital markets-stewardship principle and stewardship concept. With regard to contemporary G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (2023) the role of the steward and stewardship code are discussed from a theoretical point of view and the perspective of the practice. Observation of the Principles (2023) is followed by a comparative analysis of agency theory and stewardship theory. Implementation of the stewardship codes all over the world is analyzed. Latest developments with regard to the stewardship principles and stewardship codes in the EU are discussed.

Food in a Polycrisis: Can Tourism Help for a Sustainability Transition?

Author(s): Dora Marinova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The paper highlights the challenges of the current global polycrisis as they relate to food, including decreasing life expectancies, climate change, biodiversity loss and geopolitical tensions. It then explains the dietary transition that has occurred globally and in Bulgaria with increased intake of animal-based foods, such as meat and dairy, emphasising the links with obesity and non-communicable diseases. Better dietary choices based on plant-based sources can help alleviate the pressures on the natural environment, improve human health and contribute towards finding solutions for the polycrisis. People in wealthier countries need to be able to make decisions conscientiously to reduce the presence of animal-sourced foods in their diets. Tourism experiences in the new category of wellness tourism can expose people to attractive plant-based dishes and act as an intervention and nudging tool for encouraging a sustainability transition in food.

Combating Nuclear Terrorism Threats Through Development of Evolving Nuclear Security Regime

Author(s): Tumelo Baraedi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Nuclear terrorism refers to the unauthorized use or attempted use of nuclear explosive devices (e.g., Improvised Nuclear Devices (IND’s), and radioactive ones (e.g., Radiation Dispersal Devices (RDD’s) or Radiation Emitting Devices (RED’s)), as well as attacks/attempted attacks on nuclear/radiation facilities. The main objective is to review some major challenges encountered by having an evolving nuclear security regime, with the main focus being on nuclear terrorism. The paper seeks to suggest recommendations that can be used in reducing the threat of nuclear terrorism and maintaining an effective nuclear security regime which can be used in combating nuclear terrorism. The research was conducted through a literature review of international instruments such as IAEA publications (e.g. IAEA NSS No. 6) on maintaining a sustainable nuclear security regime and an analysis of the indicators that could play a key role in maintaining these. The survey was also conducted on both radiation workers and the public.