Zajednica sveta ili rasap civilizacije

Author(s): Mirko Jurkić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 03/1933

Juing (Sir Alfred Ewing), starac od 77 godina, predsjednik »Britskog društva za unapredjivanje nauke«, izreče nedavno - prigodom 101-godišnjice ovoga Društva - ove riječi: »Covječanstvo još nije zrelo za naučna doznavanja, jer ono zloupotrebljava tehničke pronalaske i otkrića iz prirode«. Mnogi znameniti pronalasci i otkrića - dokazuje Juing svoju tvrdnju - postali su tragično breme za nezrelo čovječanstvo, koje nije znalo računati s novim vrijednostima i bezumno ih je razasipalo: »Vlast nad prirodom došla je prerano u ruke čovjeku, koji još nema ni vlasti nad sobom«.

Da li su Nemci Arijevci

Author(s): Vladimir Alekseevic Rozov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 06/1933

U sva su vremena narodi, društvene grupe, pa i pojedina lica, vodili medjusobom borbu za opstanak ili o prevlast', i to često otvoreno a često — osobito kad kultura i pravna svest dostignu izvestan stepen — prikriveno, s pomoću ideološkog prikrivanja primitivnog grabljivog instinkta, zavaravajući mase i pravdajući pred ljudima postupke protivu kojih bi se inače bunila njihova savest.

Gender disparity and academic performance among the undergraduates of Fountain University, Osogbo

Author(s): Remi Kasali Alatise,Tajudeen Yusuf Adeyinka,Musediq Olufemi Lawal / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2024

Historically, women are perceived to have been relegated to the second fiddle positions in social schema, especially in cultures where patriarchy predominates. Since the Industrial Revolution in England, women have taken it upon themselves to liberate their kind in all facets of human engagements. This determination, therefore, necessitated the proliferation of various groupings for women’s liberation. One crucial means adopted for achieving this objective is to acquire Western education, a potent strategy often used to break barriers of real and perceived oppression by men. They ‘wrestle’ power from men and now take charge of most aspects in which men hitherto reigned supreme. This study was spurred by the trend of female students leading in academic performance in public and school examinations. A survey of the academic performance of Fountain University students for four years was carried out with a specific focus on gender performance. Senior Secondary School Certificate examination results, final results of graduating students, library attendance and Students’ Disciplinary Committee reports were examined. Interview sessions were conducted with six (6) parents (IDIs) and five (5) school officials (KIIs). These were complemented with ten (10) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with students. Radical Feminist Theory was employed to provide explanations on the study’s findings, which were content analysed.

Interpret the political ideology of Taiwan independence as Beliefs in a State’s Human Ecosystem

Author(s): Tran Minh Hop / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2024

The Human Ecosystem is defined “as a coherent system of biophysical and social factors capable of adaptation and sustainability over time” (Machlis et al., 1997). This social-ecological model consists of two portions: Critical Resources (Biophysical Resources, Socioeconomic Resources, and Cultural Resources) and Social Systems (Social Institutions, Social Order, and Cyles). In the Human Ecosystem, ‘Beliefs’ is a variable of Cultural Resources, which is one of three Critical Resources. As a representative of ‘Beliefs’ in Taiwan’s human ecosystem, the political ideology of Taiwan independence is selected as a case study. The quantitative study uses the content analysis method with literature studies on Taiwan’s politics, especially, on the issues of Taiwan independence are the main sources of data. The Human Ecosystem Model is adopted as the main analysis tool to take a new exploration of how the political ideology of Taiwan Independence integrates, manifests, and functions in Taiwan’s human ecosystem. The study suggests that land, population, and political subsystems are the main variables that integrate the political ideology of Taiwan independence. Also, the study proposes that there is a visible relationship between beliefs and identity. Consequently, Taiwan’s social institutions such as government, education, security, and defence are forced to interact according to the rise of the political ideology of Taiwan independence. Besides, indigenous peoples’ governance focuses on solidifying the territorial and cultural background, which significantly strengthens the political ideology. The initial findings suggest that indigenous peoples’ territories, cultural resources, and ideological security are key variables to solidify the political ideology of Taiwan independence.

Implications of population growth on unemployment in Nigeria: Testing the Malthusian and Keynesian Theories

Author(s): Kehinde Ajike Olabiyi,Lawrence Olusegun Fagbola,Olufunmilayo O. Banjo / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2024

This study was conducted to determine if it is Malthusian theory that viewed population growth as depressing employment opportunity, or Keynesian theory that supports the view of population growth enhancing employment opportunities that holds in the population and unemployment relationship in Nigeria within the period of 1981 to 2019. Data on age dependency and working–age population ratio were used to measure population growth, with unemployment rate as the explained variable. The datasets were sourced from the World Development Indicator database. The study employed the ARDL approach to cointegration to determine the long-run relationship of the variables. The results of the analysis show a long-run relationship between population and unemployment growth rate in Nigeria. Population growth was shown to be capable of significantly reducing unemployment in the long run thereby upholding the proposition of Keynesian theory of unemployment. However, the effect was shown to be the other way in the short run, thereby supporting the proposition of the Malthusian theory of population. The study therefore posits that the effect of population on unemployment is time variant. It is therefore recommended that the government of Nigeria should improve the quality of her population through education and health in order to be able to reap the gain in the future as population grows. Also, the potentialities in the growing population could be harnessed through increased aggregate demand when the government of Nigeria uses his fiscal stance to enhance the people’s income.

Inconclusive elections in Nigeria and its security implications: Righting the wrongs in 2023

Author(s): Abdulrasheed Abdulyakeen / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2024

The string of disputed elections in Nigeria has posed a significant threat to the country’s efforts to consolidate democracy. In representative democracies, inconclusive elections are a quite frequent occurrence. But in Nigeria, they are sometimes stage-managed and permitted to occur in order to further the deliberate goals of power centers. Consequently, the causes and solutions of Nigeria’s recent political growth are critically examined in this paper. This paper uses a mixed method research design that includes both quantitative and qualitative data collection and descriptive analysis. It has been determined through a thorough review of the literature that electoral violence and malpractice together are to blame for the nation’s rising voter turnout and disputed electoral legitimacy. According to the findings, Nigeria must immediately implement comprehensive electoral reform in order to establish a new electoral system built on digital election technology. This will produce leaders who lack originality and who are worthy of purposeful leadership and good governance, as self-serving leaders are disastrous for any country.

The impact of Value-Added Tax on unemployment in Nigeria

Author(s): Kehinde Ajike Olabiyi,Daniel Etong,Samson Olajide Olaniyan,Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2024

Since the Finance Act 2020 became effective, there have been scholarly debates regarding the impact of the hike in the value-added tax (VAT) rate from 5% to 7.5% on the general economy of Nigeria. One of the macroeconomic variables that often features in academic discussions is unemployment. Therefore, this study was aimed at examining the impact of the new VAT regime on the situation of unemployment in Nigeria. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework was employed in the analysis. Thus, unemployment rate is the dynamic dependent variable while VAT revenue is the dynamic regressor. For robustness purposes, inflation rate and manufacturing output, which are commonly-discussed drivers of unemployment, are included as the control variables. Data on the macro variables were sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators, Central Bank of Nigeria’s Statistical Bulletins and the Federal Inland Revenue Service’s Financial Reports. The data covered the period 1994−2021. Empirical findings revealed that the VAT revenues have a positive relationship with the unemployment rate, suggesting that the hike in VAT rate might have a contractionary impact on employment. Furthermore, the unemployment and inflation appear to have positive relationship over the long run. The proposition of Phillips curve is therefore rejected using data sourced from the Nigerian economy.

Recenzja Jacek Bartosiak, Piotr Zychowicz, Wojna o Ukrainę. Wojna o świat, Wydawnictwo Rebis, Poznań 2023, ss. 328

Author(s): Dariusz Wybranowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 57/2024

Constructing Spaces of Knowledge in Türkiye: An Analysis of the Republican Period

Author(s): Berrak Erdal / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2024

This article critically examines the transformative commitment to modernization and nation-building in Turkish Republic, focusing on the pivotal role played by spaces of knowledge. The study begins with a theoretical analysis of the complex relationship between political power, knowledge and space. The concrete analysis starts with the examination of People’s Houses, envisioned as cultural and political centers spreading Republican principles and the new national identity. The analysis extends to museums established by the new regime, demonstrating their ideological underpinnings as spaces generating a specific knowledge on the nation through the collection of memories. The article then explores theaters, cinemas, and operas, emphasizing their contribution to shaping cultural policies of the new Turkish nation state. Shifting to libraries, it traces the historical evolution culminating in the establishment of the National Library in Ankara and its role in nation-building process. Throughout, the article delves into the complexities of preserving national identity through these spaces of knowledge, offering a comprehensive understanding of Türkiye’s modernization journey.

Структурни ефекти от различията на броя на леглата в МБАЛ по области за отделни години през периода 2008- 2021 г. върху някои резултативни показатели

Author(s): Tsvetan Stalev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The health system plays a primary role in modern society. It helps people maintain an active standard of living and improve their way of life. Hospital care occupies a central place in this system. Well-organized hospital care means maintaining a good material base, providing well-trained medical staff, and appropriate funding. Reliable information is needed to analyze these aspects of hospital care, based on which justified management decisions can be made. In this article, attention is focused on the state and development of the bed fund in multi-profile hospitals for active treatment (MPHAT) in the regions of the country and specifically on its use in individual years in relation to the indicators number of bed-days (in days) and number of bed turnovers (count). The emphasis is on the effect of structural differences in the bed base in individual regions of the country by year and their impact on the performance indicators number of bed-days (in days) and number of bed turnovers (count). The problems of the effect of structural differences in the bed base in the individual regions of the country for the 2008- 2021 period by year are discussed.

Скритата икономика в България – мнения и оценки от представители на бизнеса

Author(s): Vasil Bozev,Iva Raycheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article aims to present the results of an up-to-date independent study of the hidden economy in Bulgaria. It was carried out between November 2023 and February 2024, as a survey among business representatives in the country through a representative sample of 335 enterprises. The main results show that the estimated share of the hidden economy in the total sales volume is between 26% and 50%, the highest in the construction sector, catering, and tourism. Most often, these practices are associated with manipulation of the financial statements and the employed workforce for which they are favorable conditions mainly due to corruption, crime, and impunity followed by unfair competition and a lack of incentives for private business development.

Машината на властта – дистопичният свят в Смърт в раковината на Агоп Мелконян и Град върху шахматна дъска на Джон Брънър

Author(s): Marchela Mironova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The current text’s purpose is to compare the two novels mentioned in the article’s title, so it could examine some differences and some similarities in creating a fictional world, while emphasizing on the political dimensions of a dystopian narrative. The machine of power is a metaphor used in both novels, which are also comparable in their intention to show general mechanisms that take place within similar political regimes.

Propaganda und Manipulation in der Sprache Anhand der offiziellen Stellungnahmen des Russischen Aussenministeriums

Author(s): Piotr A. Owsiński / Language(s): German Issue: 87/2023

Persuasion, disinformation, manipulation, censorship, which are elements of propaganda, can be regarded as central terms of the language of politics, especially during conflict situations and wars. The question of interest is in what ways the specific language techniques are used by the Russian Foreign Affairs Department for the purposes of propaganda in the context of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The paper analyzes the official statements of Maria Zakharova, the Director of the Information and Press Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation that are available on the web page of the Embassy of Russia in Berlin. The following examinations are confronted with the well-documented nature of the persuasive language in Nazi propaganda before and during World War II. The aim of such analysis is to examine in what ways and to what extent the specific propaganda techniques they are used to justify the war that Russia has started by invading Ukraine.

Snaga međuvladinog principa u Zajedničkoj bezbednosnoj i odbrambenoj politici i slabost ambicija o strateškoj autonomiji Evropske unije u kontekstu ukrajinske krize

Author(s): Milan Igrutinović,Slađana Ćurčić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2024

Since the beginning of Russia's open military attack on Ukraine in February 2022, the European Union has introduced thirteen new packages of economic sanctions against Russia. Moreover, in addition to direct economic aid to Kyiv, Brussels and a number of member states have pursued a policy of sending military aid in various forms, mostly in accordance with their own assessments of security interests and available capabilities. The EU established a military assistance mission (EUMAM Ukraine) and began to use part of the existing programs, such as the European Peace Facility, for the purpose of equipping the Ukrainian army. In addition, the perception of Russia as a long-term threat is increasingly influencing new plans in the field of military industry and future armaments. In this paper, we want to analyse the cooperation of these steps taken by the EU and which member states take independently or (and) in cooperation through NATO as the dominant military alliance on European soil. Our argument is that the practice of this military crisis shows that member states to a negligible extent tend to use the Common Security and Defense Policy as a framework for their actions, to strengthen and build it in the long term, but tend to use either the bilateral ties - towards Ukraine and among each other, or the existing framework of NATO. This argumentation confirms the postulates of the new intergovernmentalism in the study of CSDP. In political practice, the intergovernmental principle remains dominant in the CSDP domain, and shows that the current practice is not effectively aimed at strengthening the CSDP nor does it provide a new synergistic effect, and that relatively, in the broader balance of power, the EU loses compared to the existing ties within the NATO pact and new flexible forms of bilateral and multilateral cooperation of its member states, outside the CSDP.

Reformy instytucjonalne Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej po 2010 r. – ocena zasadności i efektywności wprowadzonych rozwiązań na gruncie teorii optymalnych obszarów walutowych

Author(s): Marta Wajda-Lichy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 88/1/2024

The economic shocks over the last 15 years revealed low effectiveness of macroeconomic adjustment mechanisms, as manifested by growing imbalances in the current accounts, public finances, and labour markets of the euro zone economies. The essence of the institutional reforms introduced after 2010 was to improve the mechanisms for stabilizing macroeconomic balances, as well as to increase the resilience of the EMU economies to future disturbances, especially those of a systemic nature. New solutions have a strong basis in the theory of optimum currency areas, as well as in institutional economics. The effects of the new institutional arrangements indicate a substantial improvement in the resilience of credit institutions to economic shocks, however, other macroeconomic risks remain.

REPUBLIKA Godina XI (1999), Broj 227, 16-31. decembar

Author(s): Bojan Al Pinto Brkić,Mirko Tepavac,Zlatoje Martinov,Mirko Đorđević,Dragoš Ivanović,Zoja Jovanov,Gordana Perunović Fijat,Dušan Mojsin,Jovan Despotović,Zygmunt Bauman,Olivija Rusovac,Nastasja Radović,Lidija Jovetić,Staša Zajović,Dragica Stanojlović,Miloš Bobić,Ljubivoje Aćimović,Miodrag Stanisavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 227/1999

Obywatelstwo miejskie – kto mieszka w polskich miastach, jakie ma prawa? Zapis panelu dyskusyjnego Polskiego Towarzystwa Socjologicznego

Author(s): Maciej Kowalewski,Paweł Kubicki,Konrad Pędziwiatr,Marek Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 68/2024

Urban citizenship - who lives in Polish cities, what rights do they have? Transcript of a panel discussion of the Polish Sociological Association

The persuasive power of an image: hostipitality and conviviality in Ana Teresa Fernández’s At the Edge of Distance (2022)

Author(s): Ewa Antoszek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

As the mainstream representations of the contested space of the U.S.-Mexico border often neglect to reflect the diversity of border stories and miss rhetorical dimension, the aim of this paper is to analyze Ana Teresa Fernández’s most recent act of border artivism – her performance, At the Edge of Distance (2022) and its documentation, from the visual rhetoric’s perspective. This analysis is to examine the argumentative power of images created by the artist as well as their function. The article explores versatile border stories Fernández’s paintings convey and analyzes how they function as a call for action – to challenge hostipitality Latinx experience in the U.S. and replace it with acts of transborder conviviality

Moștenirea scindată a lui D. W. Griffith.

Author(s): Andrei Zamfirescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2024

This article by Andrei-Călin Zamfirescu critically examines the controversial legacy of D. W. Griffith's 1915 film "The Birth of a Nation." The film, celebrated for its technical innovations but condemned for its racist portrayal of African Americans and glorification of the Ku Klux Klan, has sparked debates since its release. Zamfirescu explores the ideological underpinnings and historical distortions within the film, tracing its impact on American cultural and racial dynamics. He discusses the film's use of 19th-century nationalist myths, its role in the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, and its enduring influence on American cinema and societal attitudes towards race.

Proposal of Legal Status of the Expert Valuation Institute Objectifying the Acquisition Process

Author(s): Jan Hak,Pavel Foltin,Dagmar Pospíšilová,Karel Pospíšil / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2024

The process of procuring military equipment, technology, material, and associated services (VM) is frequently shrouded in concerns about cost-effectiveness and, in some instances, even becomes the focus of law enforcement investigations. This often leads to delays in strategic investments and exposes involved individuals to the risk of criminal charges. Additionally, there is a notable lack of capacity to impartially evaluate the overall investment's efficacy. Consequently, the "Znalec" (Expert Witness) project was initiated as a part of the defense research program. Its objective is to explore the feasibility of establishing an expert institute that could impartially assess the value of the military procurements, set a standard for evaluating these assets, and outline a training program for relevant experts. This paper specifically addresses the first objective of the project, proposing a legal framework for the expert institute based on an extensive systems analysis.