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Optymizm 1918 roku Emila Breitera odczytywanie Stanisława Brzozowskiego

Author(s): Elzbieta Wróbel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author analyzes two comments on Stanisław Brzozowski made by Emil Breiter at the dawn of Polish independence. The budding critic was one of the first ones after 1918 to engage with the views of the prominent philosopher of culture. For the author, Breiter perpetuates the manner in which Brzozowski was read and interpreted before the Great War. This unfair and at times even unjust assessment of Brzozowski’s theories put forward by Breiter was the result of–as the article emphasizes–Breiter’s engagement with rationalist tendencies. In addition, the author reminds the reader that Breiter was an enthusiastic proponent of Georges Sorel, who was, in his opinion, the paragon of a social thinker.

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Stopa trzeciej Gracji Ludmiły Marjańskiej i Dwie albo trzy Gracje Aldousa Huxleya

Author(s): Iwona Skrzypczyk-Gałkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article proposes a reading of Ludmiła Marjańska’s novel The Foot of the Third Grace in the context of Aldous Huxley’s Two or Three Graces and showcases the parallels that can be drawn from the comparison of two texts written by authors belonging to two different epochs and cultural milieus; creating in different geographical and social circumstances and speaking different languages.The first part of the article focuses on the discussion of the novel by Marjańska in the context of the three Graces motif; followed by a parallel discussion of Huxley’s work. Comparing the two texts with regard to the narrative; creation of characters and their attitude towards art can lead to the conclusion that even though there is no proof that Marjańska was familiar with Huxley’s work while writing The Foot of the Third Grace; the analogies between the stories are common and obvious.

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O Podwójnej wibracji Raymonda Federmana i Zamachu Harry’ego Mulischa

Author(s): Marta Tomczok / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the process of postmodernization of the Holocaust and its literary representations on the example of two 1980s novels: The Assault by Harry Mulisch and The Two-Fold Vibration by Raymond Federman. The novels portray an engaged and political face of postmodernism; unafraid to critically approach the Holocaust through; first and foremost; discursive means concerning art; museums; current affairs or the attitude of the contemporary society towards the Second World War and various nation’s engagement with Nazism.

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Fotografia (przed)holocaustowa Archiwa pamięci w Fałszerzach pieprzu Moniki Sznajderman

Author(s): Martyna Dymon / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the mechanism of uncovering the past in Monika Sznajderman’s novel The Counterfeiter’s Pepper. A Family Story. A series of photographs sent by the relatives from America becomes for the author the starting point for her journey into the past marred by the memory of the Holocaust. The rediscovered photographs become, in the process of reconstructing the family history, literary landscapes of a world that no longer exists, while the author testifies to the physical closeness of the dead that she feels. The author constructs the past out of the broken photographs, contrasting them with other sources and searching for a point of contact with the family members lost in the Holocaust. Following Sznajderman’s process, the author of the article discusses and analyzes the issue of literary creation of characters (the memory of a person) on the basis of photographs and remarks upon the difficulties in reconciling with the familial past, resulting from complicated identity issues.

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Po bruku, po kamieniach… O „świecie wydeptanym” w Zawsze jest dzisiaj Michała Cichego

Author(s): Grażyna Maroszczuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author attempts to analyze “a novel of walking” by Michał Cichy; entitled Today is Every Day. The slow-paced narrative presents the reader with the portrait of Ochota (a borough in Warsaw) and the numerous dangers brought about by the contemporary world; with its chaos and overabundance of uninhabitable space. The novel also touches upon the experiences of the protagonist; who lives in the world of multiple practices and models of communication. The protagonist of the novel of walking witnesses the city; absorbing the polyphony of a multicultural metropolis: the garbage dump of lights; the roar of arteries; the beat of the railway tracks; the noise of construction equipment. Warsaw’s heteroglossia manifests itself also in overheard conversation and the mix of sociolects. The polysensory experience of Ochota is at the same time loud and quiet; colorful and monochromatic; crowded and desolate; Polish and multicultural; in “abject poverty” and “in the care of money.” The narrative of Today is Every Day scrupulously constructs a portrait of Warsaw from fragments of images; voices; scents; while the varied images of the city interact with each other.Cichy’s novel leads the reader down the cobblestone; down the pavement; the trodden paths of the city; close to the concrete and the real.

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„Stanąć pod krzewem jaśminu” O Niewidzialnym zapaśniku Grażyny Zambrzyckiej

Author(s): Bożena Szałasta-Rogowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the latest volume of poetry published by a Polish poet living in Vancouver; Canada. The author analyzes the poems from a broadly understood culturally-oriented perspective. She notes the variety of different narrative threads in her poetry; traces the poetic techniques and points to the mythological inspirations; intertextual and philosophical allusions; discusses the metapoetic elements and emigration dilemmas. The article argues that it is possible to see in the poetry of Grażyna Zambrzycka the continued amazement at the world and the extolment of the entirety of its existence—both the suffering and the joy; as well as the pursuit of artistic activities.

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Subiektyw O Bieli. Notatkach z Afryki Marcina Kydryńskiego

Author(s): Elżbieta Dutka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents an attempt at interpretation of a hybrid publication White. Notes from Africa by a famous music journalist and photographer Marcin Kydryński. The author; paying particular attention to the photographic aspect of the publication (which contains not only numerous reprints of photographs; but also various comments on the art of photography); discusses the original – because of its subjectivity; doubt and self-criticism – approach to the far-away continent. The analyzed “notes” are interpreted as an attempt at looking at the Other and the Self as the Other in the context of intercultural communication.

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Tropiąc kontrowersje O XXI-wiecznych powrotach do historii

Author(s): Agnieszka Nęcka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the article, the author – on the basis of three novels: Olga Tokarczuk’s The Books of Jacob, Jacek Dehnel’s Mother Makryna and Maciej Hen’s Solfatara – attempts to showcase the character of contemporary historical novel. Those three briefly discussed novels make it evident that 21st-century writers are eager to revisit the past and wearing historical masks. The emphasis on acts of tracing and retracing the character and mentality of the people living in previous centuries seems to be less prominent, while the issues of identity and subjectivity come to the fore, allowing the authors to formulate a trivial, perhaps, conclusion: that the human nature, despite the historical and geographical changes, remains unchanged. However, such narratives more and more consistently give voice back to those who had been hitherto excluded from and ignored by the historical account, while the protagonists are usually controversial to some degree.

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Rzemieślnik czy artysta? Oswald von Wolkenstein a świat średniowiecznych twórców

Author(s): Joanna Godlewicz-Adamiec / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article endeavours – while utilizing methods elaborated in the field of comparative studies – to answer the following question: To what extent the position of medieval poet was similar or dissimilar to that of other creators of the same period: writers, but also architects and sculpturers? What creates a basis for this very inquiry is the analysis of Oswald von Wolkenstein’s works, who described his peregrinations across Europe, Asia, and Africa, during which he efficiently endorsed his artistic performances to foreign knights and kinglings and who, at the same time, may serve as an example of a typical man of his times according to opinions of medieval scholars.

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Postać artysty we współczesnej powieści historycznej Der Sünderchor Claudii i Nadji Beinert

Author(s): Elwira Poleszczuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

During the 12th century; a shift in mentality of medieval people occurred. An American scholar of the Middle Ages; Charles Homer Haskins underscored the foregoing fact already at the beginning of the 20th century indicating the development of individualism both in terms of legal system and religiosity. A similar shift can be observed in the art of that period; which transitions from typological to individualized approach and starts to emphasize not typical features but those of particular characters while capturing their idiosyncrasy. Also; change takes place when it comes to the position of an artist; who no longer remains an anonymous; humble artisan labouring for the greater glory of God; and instead; transforms into appreciated; renowned creator recognized by his name. The multifaceted shift in question is depicted in a historical novel Der Sünderchor [The Sinners Quire] by Claudia and Nadja Beinert. The artist presented therein; known as the Naumburg Master; creates the western quire of Naumburg Cathedral and embellishes it with statues of its ten founders which; due to their novel; individualised design; went down in history outshining their models.

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Czy Mozart w chwili śmierci naśladował kotły? Anegdoty w kontekście fikcji literackiej o Wolfgangu Amadeuszu Mozarcie

Author(s): Katarzyna Szczerbowska-Prusevicius / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Although ubiquitous in biographies of famous people, anecdotes are considered as unreliable sources in the scholarly world. Since real‑life events closely weaved into fictive elements are considered characteristic for this brief literary genre, it is especially hard to untangle them, in fact it seems an unfeasible task. If, however, instead of asking how reliable those stories are, we ask what is their cultural‑mnemonic potential, they will prove to be a worthwhile research subject. In the present article, I look into the mentioned issue using two examples coming from the opulent repertoire of stories about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: one concerning his visit to the imperial court in Vienna, and another encompassing accounts of the composer’s final days (anecdotes on singing Requiem and imitating drums). The said stories are often included in fictional prose pieces about Mozart. Their authors put them in different contexts and narrate differently, underscoring or obfuscating their various aspects. Comparing several versions of the very same anecdote allows us to trace transmutations of the artist’s image, but to an extent, also of the way the world is seen.

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Artysta jako geniusz. Transmedialność i synestetyka u Heinricha Wackenrodera i Ludwiga Tiecka

Author(s): Hannelore Scholz-Lübbering / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The contribution focuses on intermediality and synaesthesia in the early works of Heinrich Wackenroder and Ludwig Tieck. At the end of the 18th century, they developed their medieval utopias as an alternative draft to late Enlightenment in Berlin. In accordance with the theories of the brothers Schlegel, the novel is a romantic universal poetry for them, mixing genres and integrating criticism, reflection, science and art. The artist, as a genius, is portrayed as mediator between God and man, thus art becomes a religion. Outpourings of an Art‑Loving Friar and Franz Sternbalds Wanderungen (‚Sternbald’s walking tours‘) are interpreted as transmedial manifesto of Early Berlin Romanticism for literature, fine arts and music.

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„Niczym gwiazdy utkane naszymi dłońmi” – poeta jako stwórca świata i szukający Boga w utworach lirycznych Rainera Marii Rilkego i Oskara Loerkego

Author(s): Katrin Wellnitz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926) and Oskar Loerke (1884–1941) both tried to express their relationship to the outside world in their poems and thereby went deep into their own inner world. In order to capture reality within their poems; they incorporated the surrounding nature; people and the major philosophical and metaphysical issues and transferred them into poetical language. Both of them were conscious of the creative dimensions of their work and therefore had to deal with religious issues. The central questions were: Am I a creator or a creation and what role might God – if there is one – play in this game of poetical creation that can suddenly become an existential game of life? Their autobiographical works illustrate their efforts and the despair that comes along with such a big task.This article elucidates the correlation between creative work and religious issues that is expressed in Rainer Maria Rilke’s Stunden‑Buch (1899–1905) and in the first five books of Oskar Loerke’s Siebenbuch (1911–1936). It exemplifies the creative effect of this metaphysical conflict and demonstrates how Rilke and Loerke dealt with those questions in a poetical way; how they embedded it into their poems. The connection between the phenomena of the outside world and the inside of the author’s intellectual world is displayed. The article finally relates their metaphysical and poetical thoughts to the prevalent intellectual tendencies in the era between the turn of the century and the early 1940s.

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„I dzisiaj znowu w strof czworokąty nieustępliwe rzeczy wtłaczać, wyginać, ciosać, przeistaczać” – kim jest poeta w twórczości Juliana Tuwima?

Author(s): Emilia Drabik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The present article analyses the image of a creator depicted in poems and other texts by Julian Tuwim; whose mission was to form and develop human identity and personality; “adding colour to the world”; transforming the mundane reality; the poet considering himself to be an artisan who likens the poetic act of creation to enormous physical effort; the artist of an ambivalent stance which constitutes the essence of his oeuvre; unaware of his own ingenuity; acknowledging the insufficiency of words; solitary in carrying his burden.

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Przybyszewski pisze Muncha – obraz artysty i jego twórczości w esejach Psychiczny naturalizm i Edward Munch

Author(s): Agnieszka Mazur / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of this article is an analysis and interpretation of two essays by Stanisław Przybyszewski (i.e., Psychiczny naturalizm and Edward Munch) as a two‑part study of Edvard Munch’s oeuvre. What is the author’s intention here is reconstructing the image of Munch as an artist portrayed in Przybyszewski’s texts, to subsequently emphasize the tension sustaining therein between the representation of the Norwegian artist’s paintings and the self‑presentation by the writer. The final part of the article focuses on the study of ekphrasis as practiced by Przybyszewski, namely, a space of developing relationship between image and discourse.

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Georg Büchner i Stanisława Przybyszewska o roli i zadaniach twórcy

Author(s): Marta Krystyna Tylkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

A literary piece which impressed Stanisława Przybyszewska the most; was Danton’s Death by Georg Büchner. She claimed that having read it significantly influenced her decision to give up painting career and take up literature instead. Przybyszewska’s particular literary interests happened to coincide with Büchner’s. Thermidor written by her in German; is both a continuation and a polemical piece in relation to Danton’s Death; whereas in The Danton Case she dramatized exactly the same theme as Büchner had. In the light of such close creative kinship; it strikes that the two writers held so divergent views on literature and; as a consequence; on the role; tasks; and obligations of its creators. They expressed their views; most of all; in letters; but also in their literary pieces (e.g. Büchner in Lenz; Przybyszewska in Twórczość Gerarda Gasztowta [The Creation of Gerard Gasztowt]). According to Büchner; the writer (dramatist poet; artist) should depict the world “as it is;” yet in Przybyszewska’s opinion a person of letters (who is more than just an artist) treats the world as an “imperfect base product” which is capable of being transformed into a nobler end product in someone’s oeuvre. The both stances seem contradictory and irreconcilable; yet they had some intersection points.The present article juxtaposes the views by Przybyszewska and Büchner on literature; searches for an origin of those views; and attempts to present them as a polemic providing a comprehensive image of a creator.

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Wokół Künstlerin(nen)roman – kilka uwag na przykładzie tekstów Heleny Orlicz‑Garlikowskiej i L. Andro

Author(s): Nina Nowara-Matusik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is mainly concerned with the question of Künstlerin(nen)roman – the novel on female artist(s). Terminological; definition‑related issues are pondered in part one of the text; whereas part two is devoted to the comparative analysis of two texts: Nie‑Komediantka penned by Konstancja Piskorska (under a pseudonym: Helena Orlicz‑Garlikowska) and Die Komödiantin Dora X. by an Austrian author Therese Rie (L. Andro). The gender‑focused analysis is centred upon a motif common for the two mentioned texts; that of an actress.

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Franz Fühmann – twórca przegrany?

Author(s): Małgorzata Dubrowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The starting point of the reflections of the author of the text entitled “Franz Fühmann – a lost creator?” is a testament of Fühmann; in which the gravely ill creator admits that he had failed as both a human being and writer. By means of an analysis and interpretation of the writings by Franz Fühmann ‒ starting from a selected prose; letters; autobiographical statements and concentrating on the essays focusing on the problems related to the author/ creator and creativity; citing the statements of his student Uwe Kolbe ‒ the author crafts a portrait of an artistic human being; who sought the truth and was devoted to the literature.

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„O szaleństwie rozprawiania o obrazach” – rozmowa o sztuce jako paradygmat dyskursu artystycznego w powieści Friederike Mayröcker brütt oder Die seufzenden Gärten

Author(s): Beate Sommerfeld / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the intermedial references in the narrative texts by an Austrian writer Friederike Mayröcker. On the example of the novel brutt or The sighing gardens (1998) it is demonstrated that Mayröcker; when speaking about art; refers to the Romantic art theory and in particular to the literary tradition of the Kunstgespräch (discussion of art); as developed by August Wilhelm Schlegel and Georg Büchner. Mayröcker’s art discussions are influenced by poststructuralist thought; which postulates the impossibility to establish a stable relation between sign and meaning. Poststructuralist scepticism also affects the visual arts; which are no longer the site of truth. The genuine Romantic discussion of art is radicalized in a highly performative language of folly; which can be conveyed as symptomatic for the crisis of meaning.

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Artyści filmowi a terroryzm RAF: Gudrun Ensslin, Bernward Vesper i Andreas Baader w filmie Andresa Veila Jeśli nie my, to kto?

Author(s): Marek Kryś / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

After a brief outline of RAF history and presenting the most important documentary and fictional films dealing with the subject in question, the author carries out an analysis of If Not Us, Who? (Wer wenn nicht wir, 2011) directed by Andres Veiel. What makes this film different from the previously described ones is the period covered, which is precedent to the times of RAF creation, and thereby the film considers the question whether another course of events could have been possible. While analysing the film, the author focuses on its key moments, attempting to reconstruct the reasons behind the forming of RAF, and he argues that the would‑be terrorists were intellectuals and, by the same token, artists (when assuming a broad definition of the term).

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