We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The present article is devoted to the research of some aspects of verbal attitudes that appear in the course of mass communication. An investigator of mass-media can recognize the manipulation potential of TV-programmes with the help of intent- and content text analysis. The research of semantic rhythm of some programmes shows that manipulation character of their content is closely linked to the rhythm of the account. The general tendency of communicative attitudes consists in the fact that different kinds of manipulation lead to degradation of these attitudes. It is, above all, the result of the mass media activity.
More...
The author of the present study deals with the ethnic factors in the development of Soviet humanities, especlally in the field of linguistics connected with Marr‘s linguistic doctrine. The study is based on several relatively new treatises on the problems linked to the relation of early Soviet régime towards the weakening of the Russian national element in official Soviet administrative bodies and the strengthening of everything non-Russian, e. g. Latvians, Jews etc. The case of Marr and marrism is closely connected with the Caucasian ethnic impact (famous and fatal triangle Marr – Stalin – Chikobava). The two stages in the development of the oficial Soviet attitude to national and ethnic problems in the sphere of humanities manifest the manifold and ambiguous importance of Marr’s theories as well as the complicated strategical steps of former Soviet power.
More...
Lilith went into the early 20th-century literature as a bearer of a principle opposite to Eva’s. Lilith opposes Eva in the same way as dream opposes reality. Lilith’s attraction in the literature of “fin du siècle” is the other side of repudiating Eva associated with the ordinary and conventional life, with “what is always with us”. With F. Sologub these contractions acquire a particular significance while interrelations between Lilith, Eva, and Adam form original configuration. The main characters of Sologub works turn out to be not even Lilith or Eva but what can be called personified as energy values. Like a designing demiurg-engineer Sologub sorts out all possible configurations of their roles over and over again trying to combine these polarly contraposed energy would concentrate in the Man – New Adam – unwasted and undispersed. However, these titanic efforts were not destined to be crowned with success. Instead of the expected fullness Sologub’s man who has wasted his life energy on both sides finally sinks down into tiredness and exhaustion which make him – in Sologub’s way – the expression of an epoch paradoxical combination of a ten-dency towards the communist synthesis of contradictory principles on the one hand and the decadent doom on the other.
More...
The sphere of politics always represents the struggle for power, and its victor, as a rule, has to master the art of verbal and other communication. The latest research demonstrated many times that the language of contemporary politics is a good example of permanent manipulation as a hidden impact of a certain group of individuals upon another, the falsification, masking or camouflage of reality reminding us of G. Orwell’s newspeak. In contemporary Russia and Russian there are – according to the author of the present study - several types of such language means: 1. manipulative terms („persons of Causcasian nationality“ with purely negative connotations), 2. clichés („extremism“ – the shift of meaning towards „everything which is inimical to the ruling group“), 3. euphemisms (instead of a very unpopular word „reform“ the use of „transformation“, „improvement“, „innovation“ etc.), 4) political bilinguism (the normal language contra the language of politics as means of manipulations and falsifications), 5) „war of metaphors“ (e. g. the use of martial or sport terms in the sphere of politics).
More...
Volunteers and volunteering in Central and Eastern Europe. This paper focuses on volunteering behaviour, as an expression of a participative culture. We are interested in the cultural and social determinants of volunteering, both at individual level, but mainly at the aggregate (country) level. We note that the phenomenon has a lower incidence in the ex-communist countries as compared to the occidental democracies, and try to explain the discrepancies through cultural traditions, globalization and the economic background. We pay special attention to the relation between volunteering and social capital, in Central and Eastern Europe. We use multi-level regression models and the European/ World Values Survey data collected in 1999 – 2000 to provide evidence on a common post-Communist culture which tends to decrease the individuals propensity to volunteer. Sociológia 2009, Vol. 41 (No. 6: 539-563)
More...
Europeanization of Political Parties: Redefining Concepts in a United Europe. ‘Europeaniza¬tion’ is a term widely used yet hard to define, and applying existing definitions to the new EU member states poses challenges. In the context of political parties and party change, identifying direct and indirect impacts of Europeanization is complicated by the strong effects of EU conditionality. A new framework for defining Europeanization may include re-examining how parties in new member states relate to the EU as a political and economic project. The EU may affect not merely organisational structures and programmes of parties, but also the shape of the party system itself. Where accession proved problematic, as in the Slovak case, development of complex EU-related policies may be impeded, with parties less concerned with uploading policy preferences. A better understanding the nature of party politics in Central and Eastern Europe will facilitate research about how they have been Europeanized. Sociológia 2009, Vol. 41 (No. 6: 526-538)
More...
Sociology in Eastern Europe or East European Sociology: Historical and Present. Sociology as an institution emerged in Western Europe in the mid-19th century, aiming at the analysis of societies in the process of industrialization. With the expansion of capitalism and industrialism, it also expanded into other regions of the world. Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), Poland being an example, was a region of delayed industrialization. It was an area in which rather ethnology than sociology was initially interested. Intellectual milieus of the region were very well educated and cosmopolitan. Many Western European ideas were studied here and attempts to implement them were strong. At the same time, many CEE intellectuals underlined the specific character of the region. As a consequence, within the spectrum of attitudes toward the scholarly analysis of CEE societies, we could distinguish two “ideal-type” options. One of them stressed that it was possible to build academic sociology in and of CEE, based on the rules of universal sociology, developed in the West. Other ideas opted for the building of the CEE sociology, which would be based on the specific historical experiences of the region. For the second option, CEE sociology was to be an alternative to the Western sociology or social sciences in general. The paper concentrates on the Polish case without neglecting other cases. It will discuss both historical and present situation, that emerging since 1989. CEE became much more open as a study area for Western scholars who have done a lot of their own research here in collaboration with their colleagues coming from the region itself. The ways in which this collaboration has been perceived by the “native” scholars is be also a topic of analysis. Sociológia 2009, Vol. 41 (No. 6: 507-525)
More...
Paul Pierson: Politics in Time. History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. 1st ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004, XII + 196 stran, ISBN 0-691-11715-2. (Jan Karlas) Andreas Hasenclever – Peter Mayer – Volker Rittberger: Teorie mezinárodních režimů. 1. vyd. Brno: Centrum strategických studií, 2005, 214 stran (název anglického originálu: Theories of International Regimes), ISBN 80-903333-4-6. (Leona Šteigrová) Iivi Zájedová: Pobaltská regionální spolupráce. Kooperace v regionu v letech 1991–1997 očima estonské politické historiografie. 1. vyd. Praha: Karolinum, 2006, 184 stran, ISBN 80-246-1135-X. (Šárka Waisová) Michel Perottino: Francouzský politický systém. 1. vyd. Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství (SLON), 2005, 335 stran, ISBN 80-86429-48-2. (Eliška Tomalová) Bohuslav Litera – Branislav Makyta – Karel Hirman – Jiří Vykoukal – Jan Wanner: Energie pro Evropu. Energetická spolupráce Ruska a zemí postsovětského prostoru s Evropskou unií. 1. vyd. Praha: Eurolex Bohemia, 2006, 279 stran, ISBN 80-86861-70-8. (Karel Svoboda) Jana Marková: Mezinárodní měnová spolupráce. 1. vyd. Praha: Oeconomica, 2006, 229 stran, ISBN 80-245-1053-7. (Vladimír Kolman)
More...