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The aim of the article is primarily to present the etymology of the names and surnames of the Jubilarian as well as the way these onimas function both historically and today. The source material for analysis was excerpted from dictionaries of the Polish language: etymological, general (explanatory: historical and contemporary dictionaries), dialect, phraseological, and onomastic.
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Elżbieta is the name of biblical origin, and its appearance in Polish anthroponymy should be associated with the expansion of Christian culture, which in the Middle Ages covered almost all of Europe. It is a name taken from the Hebrew language. In Poland this name has been known since the 13th century. The first record of the name can be found in the document from 1198, then in the form Helisabeth: „Mesacho, Pollonie dux et prima uxor eius Helisabeth. For many centuries it was the name of a very popular, but since the sixties of the 20 th century, its popularity is decreasing.
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The article concerns the possibilities of Old-Polish apocrypha analysis from onomastic perspective. The research certifies that proper names observed in contexts of text, genre and most of all discourse can bring interesting answers to a question of apocrypha character. Two main functions of proper names are distinguished: speech genre forming and fear eliciting. One can affirm that the first function is connected with structural and semantic aspects of apocrypha speech genre, whereas the second one relates to pragmatic and partly style levels of the speech genre pattern. However both functions are important in the analysis of discourse level which is significant in the case of research on apocrypha understanding as an Old-Polish culture phenomenon.
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The author presents Vincent Pol’s (1807‒1872) fascination with Polish folk names from a geographical and botanical domain. Pol argues that such names are well-suited and constitute a source of information about the world. He postulates that regional and folk names should be included in academic descriptions.
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The article Issues related to biblical names in Judaism and Christianity consists of the following parts: 1. Historical outline; 2. Old Testament or Hebrew Bible?; 3. Old Testament languages; 4. Ancient Bible translations; 5. Significance of Apocrypha; 6. Hebrew Bible / Old Testament in Judaism and Christianity; 6.1 Three-part division of the Hebrew Bible and its significance; 6.2. issues related to understanding and authority; Ending. Issues related to the names in the Bible were analyzed from three perspectives: texts language; existence of ancient translations and question of collection content. The intention of the author was to present how today various religious communities (Christian churches and synagogue) perceive the same materials through various prisms, in different canonical orders, in different languages and with different emphases. Those differences are not the foundation for arguments who understands the text correctly. They point out to the text richness, interpretative traditions and human imagination.
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The author dedicates the text to Professor Elżbieta Umińska-Tytoń of the University of Łódź. The paper outlines poetic images concerning Mary contained in selected works of St. Ephrem the Syrian, Jacob of Sarug and in an anonymous fifth-century Hymn from the circle of Christian ancient Syriac poetry. They contain a kind of theological reflection operating with numerous comparisons, metaphors, symbols and associations, which often bring the truths of faith closer to the reader and in a more accessible way than theological treatises. The language of the works is closer to that of the liturgy. Apart from their poetic value, they bear witness to a rich Mariological tradition dating back to the first centuries. Particularly noteworthy in it are the motifs of combining the maternity and full virginity of Mary, her image as „full of grace” and mediatrix of all graces and intercessor with God.
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The aim of the article is to show the language of the Polish Episcopate used in its letters and messages regarding the COVID-19 pandemic from its beginning until August 2021. The research problem was to inquire about the role of metaphors used. The research material consisted of documents published on the website of the Polish Bishops’ Conference. The first part of the paper describes the phenomenon of metaphorisation in relation to disease, the second presents the types of metaphors used by the bishops, the third one presents the nature of these metaphors, while the fourth one describes the role they played.
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This paper presents the Sacrament of Reconciliation as a dialogue in a specific sender-receiver relationship. The expressions included in the Rite of Penance as well as the confession of sins are shown as dialogic. It recommends paraphrasing while in a conversation with a penitent as it can help him or her celebrate the sacrament in a deeper way.
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The article proposes a look at the world of values in the statutes of political parties on two levels determined by S. Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska: communication (interaction) and performance. The former is related to the sender, recipient, intention and communication situation, the latter — is clearly verbalized, showing the most important values for the sender. The value at the interactive level in the statutes of political parties is considered to be universal good: creating an institutional unity of action for the benefit of the supra-individual. Values important for political parties that appear at the level of representation are very similar to each other and, in fact, independent of the party’s slant. The differences in the statutes concern rather small things, a slightly different formulation of similar content, or a more or less detailed treatment of various issues.
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The undertaken study analyzes the persuasiveness of the speech of Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, delivered on October 14, 2021, which concerned Poland’s presence in the structures of the European Union, in connection with the allegations of the polexit by opposition politicians. The politician’s speech noted the dominance of the persuasive strategy over the information strategy. As for the content of the speech, the politician’s communication strategy was focused around the program as well as political and ideological values. In the Prime Minister’s statement, the politician did not promote his own personnel offer. In Morawiecki’s speech, there were means of positive persuasion (with regard to the political activities of the United Right) and means of negative persuasion (with regard to the actions of the opposition).
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The subject of the article is the farewell formula present in Polish epistolography of the 17th and 18th centuries. It is an important element in the structure of a letter and a determinant of its genre. The formula has primarily a phatic and pragmatic function, that is, it extinguishes and ends the contact between the partners in an epistolary dialogue while maintaining an atmosphere of politeness. In addition, it has a delimiting function, that is it sets the boundaries of the epistolary text and ensures its coherence. The farewell formula may be a statement of the end of the epistolary dialogue e.g. with these words I conclude (tymi słowy kończę), or it may signal an indirect intention to end the dialogue — by indicating the exhaustion of the topic e.g. I have nothing more to report; I have nothing more to announce (więcej nie mam co donieść; więcej nie mam nic do oznajmienia) or the necessity to abandon contact for the sake of the addressee e.g. I do not want to bother you reading my words, I do not tell old chestnuts (nie bawię pisaniem, nie zatrudniam ramotą).
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The purpose of the sketch is to identify the sender’s point of view and to reconstruct the city profiles defined by his prism (understood from the social perspective as residents, events they participate in, everyday experiences, way of thinking and experiencing the world) revealed in Maria Kietlińska’s 19th-century diary, Memoirs. The analysis revealed a clear point of view — it is the view of an aristocrat who wrote in a mature age, whose youth fell during the time of national captivity, and whose memoirs are written during the difficult post-war situation. Such optics allowed to distinguish three profiles of old Krakow: sentimental, for which the most important thing is the dissonance between the brilliant past and the disappointing present, national, in which patriotism plays an important role, and the salon one, showing family ties and customs of the nineteenth-century elite.
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The aim of the article is to analyse language games in columns, which are a source of humor. The research material was a column by Tomasz Olbratowski and Michał Rusink. The introduction discusses the concepts of column and humor. In the analytical part, examples of language games were selected, in which the authors use the sound and meaning of words for artistic purposes, break conversational rules, creatively refer to other styles and genres and well-known cultural texts. Analysis of the material showed that the authors of the columns are very creative. They put a lot of effort into the selection and juxtaposition of means of expression in order to produce a humors effect. The recipient of the columns must demonstrate knowledge of the political, social and cultural context and actively participate in the process of interpreting the text.
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The article contains a structural, semantic and functional analysis of slogans as manifestations of verbal communication among MKS Pogoń Szczecin fans. The conducted descriptions prove that the analyzed texts are characterized by: structural simplicity (the majority of expressions and single sentences), the use of lexical means from various stylistic registers of the Polish language (next to vulgarisms and invectives, mainly - marked colloquiality) and thematic diversity (apart from prescribed behaviors and feelings towards the club or other fans, also elements of a patriotic nature). The characteristic features of slogans described in these considerations ensure that they perform the most important functions from the point of view of the existence of the described community, i.e. integrating, informative and persuasive.
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The article analyzes the statements of sports journalists in various media (especially television and the Internet). Its purpose was to answer the question of what language they use. It was assumed that this is mainly colloquial Polish, which was proved during the analysis of the material. This conclusion prompted reflection on the question of the legitimacy of expecting journalists, especially sports journalists, to use standard Polish.
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The article presents the stylistic diversity of official biographical notes and family periodicals. The paper demonstrates the peculiar pragmatic relation among the authors and readers connected with the Janota Bzowski family tradition. Some family members have been described in texts from different sources: more official biographical notes and more private as well as emotional memoirs. The official notes from biographical lexicons contain the most important facts about the hero, a clan member. On the other hand, the family memoirs reveal a subjective choice of events, which are, however, described specifically and in details.
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One hundred and twenty-nine diary entries made by Ludwig Wittgenstein in the years 1930–1932, 1936–1937, and published for the first time in 1997 were the subjects of linguistic and linguistic theoretical analysis. The history of the diary as well as its structure and semantics were discussed. The most important fragments of the entries in the diary have been subjected to onomasiological analysis, as a result of which they are assigned to the names of concepts expressing their semantics globally and creating a conceptual structure.
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