Predarea limbajelor de specialitate la anul pregătitor de limba română

Author(s): Ileana-Silvia Ciornei / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Most specialists in the field define specialized language as communication within a certain professional activity or within a field of specialized knowledge. Maria Teresa Cabré defines specialized languages as subsets of the common language characterized pragmatically by three variants: the subject, users and communication situations (1998: 125); they are characterized by conciseness, precision, depersonalization, objectivity, frequency of illustrations, specific vocabulary.Cowan (1974) and Nation (2001) identify the following categories of lexicon used in specialized languages: highly technical terms that rarely occur outside the field, sub-technical words - context-independent words that occur frequently, and in other fields but with specific meaning in a certain field, meaning understood outside the field, semi-technical words with one or more meanings in the general vocabulary and which, in specialized contexts, have different meanings and non-technical words.

Le personnage face au surnaturel dans La Folie et la Mort et De l’autre côté du regard de Ken Bugul

Author(s): Anna Swoboda / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

When analyzing African fantastic literature, one needs to be aware of the specific context of its emergence. Unlike in Western fantastic literature, the supernatural is rooted in everyday life and often does not evoke any fear nor surprise. This article aims to analyze the heroines’ reaction to the supernatural in two novels by a Senegalese writer Ken Bugul: De l’autre côte du regard and La Folie et la Mort. The hesitation between belief and disbelief of the supernatural, as defined by Todorov, is possible when the protagonist has an ambivalent relationship with the African tradition and is influenced by the Western thought. However, if the protagonist is not at all surprised or afraid of the supernatural, we are dealing with a neighboring genre: the marvelous. In my study, I will refer to the Western, as well as the African theories of fantastic literature.

Mystique et mysticisme dans Le Soleil, la folle et le taureau de Mamadou Samb

Author(s): Joseph Ahimann Preira / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In its evolution, Senegalese literature presents the beliefs and lifestyles of the Senegalese people. Thus, after works like Ô pays mon beau peuple of Ousmane Sembene, Aliin Sitooye Jaata ou la dame de Kabrus of Marouba Fall, the novel Le Soleil, la folle et le taureau, published in 2003 and written by the Senegalese Mamadou Samb, plunges us in the middle of traditional diola. The cultural realism of the work leads the reader to a village in the department of Oussouye, in the heart of Casamance, in southern Senegal where a woman is the victim of two ruthless curses that leave no escape. Indeed, to the curse of the territorial spirits is added the curse of the fetish of the village. Nene, heroine of the novel is oppressed by mystical forces that also attack all those who approach her. Observing the type of the territorial and ancestral curse that falls on Nene, the animistic practices related to magical religious beliefs, mysteries and fantasy are updated. It is then a whole set of mysteries related to mystic and diola mysticism that is discovered by the reader through the work.

Krajobrazy pamięci w kontekstach społecznych i kulturowych

Author(s): Marek Dziewierski,Bożena Pactwa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article consists of two parts. The first part is an attempt to theoretically define and reference to the analysis contained in the book and also interpretation of the results of the research on memory and landscape. In the second part, we draw attention to the interdisciplinary nature of this publication, taking into account the basic theses and research questions raised by individual authors.

Dolina Thingvellir jako miejsce historyczne i symbol islandzkiej tożsamości narodowej. Przeszłość i teraźniejszość

Author(s): Małgorzata Budyta-Budzyńska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Each and every nation has its lieux de mémoire. Their symbolic meaning may undergo changes with the passing of decades, under the influence of a variety of internal factors that arise or occur within society, such as: a dominant ideology, a new policy with regards to history and education, a socio-economic transformation, or generational transitions. Change may also be brought about by external factors, by globalization or world-wide cultural trends. In the present article we describe the evolution that affects the perception of Iceland’s most important memorial site: Thingvellir valley. Its symbolic significance is anchored in the valley’s status of a place tightly bound to the history of medieval settlement and beginning with the 19th century – associated with the formation process of the Icelandic modern nation. In the 21st century the perception of Thingvellir began to change under the impact of booming growth of the tourist industry and the hundreds of thousands of foreign visitors arriving to the location. In the article we describe the role and symbolic significance of Thingvellir in Iceland’s history, following up with an analysis of the transformations its perception has undergone in the 21st century.

Tranzycja krajobrazu kulturowego. Na przykładzie Mazur po 1945 roku

Author(s): Wojciech Bedyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The cultural landscape is a phenomenon that functions both individually and socially – as an image of the environment that each of us carries in mind and, at the same time, the elements of which are shared by others. In today’s world, we often encounter a rapid change of landscape resulting from the removal of its material side: cutting of forests, rapid changes in urban planning, changes in the way of farming. The article is an attempt to highlight an unusual situation: the situation in which – as a result of mass, forced migration – the human element disappears, and therefore those who carried this picture in their heads are gone. The continuity of the transmission of the narrative about the landscape disappears; its interpreters are not there anymore. Immigrants, new inhabitants, have to reinterpret foreign surroundings and create their own narratives.

Dysonanse kulturowe na Mazurach a problem budowania tożsamości lokalnej

Author(s): Stefan M. Marcinkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Polish inhabitants of Masuria are trying to deal with tensions caused by the presence of the German, Masurian, and Jewish cultural heritage in the well-known cultural landscape of Masuria. The collapse of the myth of Ziemie Odzyskane [Regained Territories] has prompted an interest in the history of East Prussia. Within the last few years, there have appeared a number of works presenting the past from various perspectives. People are discovering what has been wiped out of the cultural landscape over the years. Social memory in Masuria reveals elements unknown or displaced from the collective memory of its new residents (i.e. the Great War 1914–1915). The presence of cultural dissonances requires seeking new justifications and reinterpreting historical narratives. Cultural dissonances force critical reflection in order to redefine the local identity. The local memory can be reconciled with the national memory by referring to the cultural borderland and the supranational European identity.

Wsie, których już nie ma – miejsca, które jeszcze są. Opuszczone jednostki osadnicze w powiecie piskim jako materialna pamięć pogranicza*

Author(s): Anna Majewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article describes a problem of social and material disappearance of villages in Pisz County. In this area, following the socio-political changes after the end of the Second World War, a total depopulation of several different settlement units took place. Pisz County – until 1945 located in the southern part of East Prussia, and already considered a borderland for hundreds of years – joined the interior of the country that regained its independence in the new borders. However, in the early years of its functioning in the new State organism, it was treated almost like a no-man’s land – and certainly an “alien” land – with its residents treated as strangers and its foreign heritage. The result has been a rapid transformation of the cultural landscape, but its structures still contain various information. For example, the current distribution of abandoned settlement units indicates the course of former political borders. In turn, their spaces, resembling the history of Masurian land and its residents, are still a kind of borderland; these are places of interaction: modern with heritage, the past with the present. In Pisz County – in the very zone of 10 km from the southern border of former East Prussia – a part of the cultural landscape is constituted by several settlement units, which nobody occupies today; these include 27 villages and 7 forester’s lodges. Their material structures tell the story of the former and present borderland.

Nie-miejsca pamięci o ludności żydowskiej w Zabrzu

Author(s): Monika Habdas / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

A landscape in the context of memory is a record and a testimony of the previous generations that lived around and therefore influenced the shape of the landscape. The nature of the landscape is twofold: not only does it have a material context, but also it is an output of the perception of the people who relate to it. The landscape consists of places. The places make it possible to define the identity and at the same time can be used as carriers of memory. The memory of the place can have a form of locus or memorial. The memory landscape consists itself of places of memory and non-places of memory. In her exploratory research in three locations in Zabrze, the author tries to discover the attributes of the landscapes of (or “after”) the Jewish community in Zabrze. Are the chosen locations places of memory or non-places of memory? The result of the research suggests that the memory about the Jewish community is very poor, and the investigated places are rather non-memory places in the landscape of the memory.

Emancypacja łemkowskiej wspólnoty pamięci. Upamiętnienia w ramach obchodów 70. rocznicy Akcji „Wisła”

Author(s): Ewa Michna / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Based on the research on Lemko community conducted in the early 1990s, this article analyzes the varying interpretations of “Vistula” Operation. This reading is carried out with regard to emancipation of Lemko memory community, signaled in the title, and its defining event, that is, the commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the aforementioned event. For the very first time, a series of deliberate actions emphasizing the differences between the experiences of displacement among Lemko and Ukrainian communities were undertaken. Moreover, a Lemko commemoration resulted in a material corelate, a stone with an engraved inscription, in the area of the former Jaworzno concentration camp. This article is a case study of the actions undertaken by the leaders of Lemko organizations that might help us understand the process of emancipating Lemko memory community more thoroughly.

Odpust parafialny jako instytucja pamięci społecznej

Author(s): Marek Dziewierski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Chrzanowo is a small village located in South-Eastern part of Masuria, nearly 6 kilometres from Ełk. It has around 120 inhabitants; Greek Catholic Ukrainians constitute one-third of them. I took up the subject of indulgences ceremony there. Celebrating is a permanent and important element of every culture and of social life; I was interested in the importance of this symbolic action in society for the reconstruction of national identity. In my work I tried to describe this place while indicating: fundamental deficiencies in homeliness, religiousness based on Eastern canon of faith, and custom of national language in public space. I emphasized what was essential and hard to achieve in the first stage of living in exile. This parish festival has many contexts and meanings far beyond the local community. Chrzanowo, seen through the prism of the festival, is an important national scene: the place of patriotic staging; the symbol of religiosity and attachment to tradition; the place to commemorate the deportation victims. It is also an example of the creation of a new cultural landscape of Masuria.

Krajobraz miejsca pamięci. Terapeutyczna rola badań archeologicznych w procesie kształtowania praktyk pamięci na terenie KL Plaszow

Author(s): Kamil Karski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The area of KL Plaszow is one of the last remnants of the concentration camp, which until now has had no institutional care. Over the past 70 years, the camp grounds slowly lost their legibility, becoming a semi-wild park in the center of a large city. Despite the presence of several memorials and information boards with the history of the camp, visitors used its area in various ways, treating it as a place of recreation, walking dogs, barbecues, but also reflection and commemoration. All these activities led to the creation of a memorial landscape of this place closely related to its park character. The aim of the article is to present the role of archaeological research carried out in KL Plaszow by the Historical Museum of the City of Kraków. In the years 2016–2017, the post-camp area was covered by non-invasive surveys and excavations. During the work, an attempt to reconstruct the topography of the camp was made, and the relics of the buildings, which practically did not leave a trace on the surface of the earth, were uncovered. Over 3,000 artifacts were collected, which are traces of prisoners’ life and history of the camp. Thus, a new, so far illegible element of the landscape of the place has been introduced. Information about fieldwork was regularly presented and made public, and its results aroused the curiosity of the inhabitants of Kraków, the local press and tourists. Their reactions to the research, however, were varied: from expressions of impatience to denials of the need of commemoration.

Kresonostalgia – krajobraz i pamięć

Author(s): Łucja Kapralska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the Kresy, the pre-WWII Polish Eastern Borderlands which have not belonged to Poland since 1945. Poles who after WWII were exiled from this territory preserved the memory of Arcadia – the beautiful land, picturesque countryside and noble people living there – because “Poland, like a bagel, is the best on the edges…” Absent in Polish political and social reality, this land is still recalled in memories, in the rituals of memory such as nostalgic tourism, on the Internet (where millions of records connected to the Kresy can be found), and in activities of the organizations of Kresy compatriots. The Kresy are the cultural landscape of memory – although they exist no more, the memory of the Kresy does. They are the subject of longing forasmuch their former inhabitants miss their lost homeland. The aim of the article is to answer the following questions: what are the forms of this nostalgia, who is subject to it, and what are its functions?

Pamięć Polaków w Donbasie o wspólnym pochodzeniu

Author(s): Maria Erdman / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The studied group are Poles in the Donbass (Donetsk and Luhansk region of Ukraine). According to official data from the population census in Ukraine in 2001, more than 6,000 people in the Donetsk and Luhansk region are Poles. The settlement of Poles in the Donbass began in the 19th century, and was both compulsory and – more often – voluntary. Poles currently living in the Donbas belong to the second or third generations. One of the key elements of their national and cultural identity is the memory of Polish origin.

Emocje i barwy pamięci

Author(s): Justyna Kijonka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Rekonstrukcje przestrzeni pamięci w narracjach uchodźców z Czeczenii żyjących w Polsce

Author(s): Dorota Jaworska,Khedi Alieva / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The memory of refugees is subject to various reconstructions. The content of the memory serves as evidence in the procedure of applying for international protection. Refugees’ narratives form the basis for specialists in various fields to provide assistance and information or to introduce institutional changes. The authors formulate postulates regarding educational, animation and cultural activities that support the role of memory in mental, social and cultural integration of the refugees.

Pomniki z okresu PRL w Rzeszowie jako symbole przeszłości w opiniach studentów Politechniki Rzeszowskiej

Author(s): Eugeniusz Moczuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

For many years, Polish sociology has been dealing with the issues of social, collective, cultural and historical memory. These issues also affect the selection of the research topics, such as the analysis of Polish people’s attitudes to memorial sites, including monuments from the past. One of the groups of respondents comprises young people who have a peculiar understanding of historical events, especially when it comes to “monument policies.” The sociological research carried out among the students of Rzeszów University of Technology shows that the contemporary youth indicate with a high level of maturity that the liquidation of “places of remembrance” will not be the “end” of the old world, because the memory will remain in the social consciousness for a long time. Monuments from the past no longer serve the ideological purpose; rather, they are landmarks on the map of the city, playing a purely static, topographic role.

Muzealna kresoprzestrzeń na Warmii i Mazurach w kontekście polsko-niemieckim

Author(s): Magdalena Izabella Sacha / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the paper is to compare the museum representation of two expulsion regions: first, East Prussia as the “lost homeland” for many German people who settled in Lower Saxony after 1945; secondly, so-called Eastern Borderlands (Kresy) of the Second Polish Republic as the place of origin for thousands of Poles who, after WWII, settled in former East Prussia, forced away by the German population. In the post-war Lower Saxony, as part of the democratic Federal Republic of Germany, thanks to favorable legal regulations it was possible to present freely the cultural heritage of former German East Prussia. The institution professionally protecting and presenting the material and cultural heritage of this region is the National Museum of East Prussia in Lüneburg. In the meantime, in socialist Poland, the fate of expelled Kresy inhabitants was taboo. The museum presentation was possible only after democratic changes. The structure and meaning of the exhibition “Poles from the Eastern Borderlands in Warmia and Masuria” at the Museum of Warmia and Masuria in Olsztyn in 2012–2017 was shown in the article using the method of semiotic analysis.

Doświadczanie przeszłości. Edukacyjne aspekty wystawy w Muzeum Historii Jesziwy Lubelskiej

Author(s): Kinga Białek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article states the methodological and practical premisses connevted to the project of the museum interior in the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva. It presents the portrait of the rabbi Meir Shapiro, the foundator of the school, as well as broader perspective of teaching about judaism in the context of the local and intercultural education. The author writes about the current tendencies in cretaing museum exhibition and compares them with the design of the museum. She adds also the reflection on the future plans of promoting knowledge on the Jewish culture and research based in the institution.

Kto pamięta o dziedzictwie? Działania na rzecz niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego w Sławsku Wielkim i Przyprostyni

Author(s): Karolina Dziubata / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is an analysis of the activities of two women involved in promotion and practice of manifestations of intangible cultural heritage in Sławsk Wielki (Kuyavian- Pomeranian Voivodeship) and Przyprostynia (Greater Poland Voivodeship). I draw attention to the commemorating nature of activities for the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On the example of Maria Patyk from Sławsk Wielki and Antonina Woźna from Przyprostynia, I analyze the relationship between cultural heritage and places of memory.