Perswazyjny charakter traktatu Heraklita Alegorety Alegorie homeryckie

Author(s): Piotr Osiński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Heraclitus’ The Homeric Allegories (Ὁμηρικὰ προβλήματα εἰς ἃ περὶ θεῶν Ὅμηρος ἠλληγόρησεν, Allegoriae Homericae) are the only apology of Homer and his poetry, which has survived to the present. Heraclitus’ aim was to convince readers that Homer, despite philosophers’ numerous accusations, was not a godless person and that his allegedly sacrilegious passages should be read as an allegory. Despite the fact that the Homer’s poems were widely commented by grammatists, Heraclitus was far beyond this practice not only thanks to his precise, non-Atticising style, but also the rhetorical and persuasive character of his treatise. This is especially visible in the treatise’s introduction and in the conclusion, which are closely related. Heraclitus’ oeuvre is an extraordinary work – the exemplary apology, in which the author demonstrated his rhetorical expertise as well as erudition. Heraclitus refutes the accusations of the Homer’s opponents and attacks two of them, Plato and Epicurus. He accuses them of immorality and stupidity. It is difficult to determine to whom the author addressed his work. However, its persuasive character suggests that the author might have desired to reach the widest possible audience of well-educated Greeks.

Autorytet autora wypowiedzi jako pozawerbalna forma perswazyjna na przykładzie dialogów Platona

Author(s): Joanna Usakiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Referring to Plato’s dialogues, this text presents how the author’s authority influences the strength of persuasion. The matter is discussed from different perspectives: the authority of Socrates as the master-philosopher, the maieutic method as a process of a “deprivation” of authority, and the way Plato presented selected persons in his dialogues before he cited their words.

Autorytety i oponenci w antycznym dyskursie lingwistycznym: casus Cratyli

Author(s): Hubert Wolanin / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article contains an analysis and interpretation of a way how a narration is composed in Plato’s Cratylos. The main emphasis is put both on the personality of Socrates’ interlocutors and on their role in dramatic action – especially; on Socrates’ use of irony and on how he manipulates his interlocutors by leading a particular game of appearances as well as discrediting common; false opinions on the theme and its authorities.

Techniki perswazyjne w mowie CyceronaPro Quinto Roscio Comoedo

Author(s): Marek Hermann / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article considers the instruments of argumentation in Cicero’s speech Pro Quinto Roscio Comoedo based on the rhetorical triad: ethos; pathos and logos. The speech relates to the suit arising from a partnership formed by the famous Roman actor Quintus Roscius and Fannius Cherea. The first device; ethos; is responsible for evoking a favourable reaction in the audience. Cicero draws arguments in this domain from the history of the partnership and Roscius’ character. He shows Roscius as a righteous man; who is worthy of confidence; in contrast to Fannius; who is portrayed as an ugly creature. The second sphere; logos; covers logical means of persuasion: argumenta ad rem; argumenta ad hominem; argumenta e contrario; and subiectiones or syllogisms. These rhetorical instruments influence the minds of listeners in compliance with the demands of logos. The third element; pathos; is used in Cicero’s speech in defence of Roscius to a small extent. The essay examines one more rhetorical device; eikos; which means verisimilar or befitting. This device introduces into the speech significant details that work on several levels to enhance its credibility and emotional impact.

Oblężenie Alezji i perswazja Cezara w mowie Kritognata (Gall. VII 77)

Author(s): Anna Zawadzka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The fact that in the Commentarii de bello Gallico the Gauls themselves pronounce certain opinions and reflections on their own way of acting is by no means meant by Caesar to provide their self-portrait, but is yet another persuasive strategy used in order to prove his case before his Roman audience. Critognatus’ speech is of key significance in constucting the ideological message in Book 7 of Commentarii de bello Gallico. 52 B.C. marks a critical moment in Caesar’s conquest of Gaul, which united its forces under Vercingetorix in an effort to liberate Gaul from the Romans. The point Caesar attempts to make in Commentarii is that the source of the Gauls’ military success lies in their effective adoption and wide-scale implementation of Roman paradigms of war: key elements of Roman warcraft, such as engineering works, as well as the Roman concept of virtus, which involved perseverance in enduring adversities rather than impulsive attacking the enemy typical of the Gauls. Yet, the plan designed by Critognatus to maintain the besieged Alesia awaiting relief forces was utterly barbarian and, what was more, patterned on their ancestors (maiores): namely, cannibalism, described by Caesar as “extraordinary and nefarious cruelty” (singularis ac nefaria crudelitas). Thus Critognatus’ speech should leave no doubt that the Gauls’ adopting the Roman paradigms, as presented in Book 7 of Commentarii, is only superficial. Helpful in fulfilling their immediate aims, the Roman civilization did not in fact affect the Gauls’ genuine nature. Caesar’s intention was to provide Critognatus’s speech as undeniable evidence that the conquest of Gaul, which he had pursued for six years and which was contested by his political enemies in Rome, was not only bellum iustum, but also Rome’s civilizing mission and moral duty (fas).

Gniew, rozpacz i strach – psychologiczne klucze do ludzkiej świadomości. Emocjonalne techniki perswazyjne w historiografii antycznej – wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Edyta Gryksa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The role of emotions and feelings is still among the most popular themes in modern discussions. Emotional persuasion was well known in ancient times. Ambiguous statements; facial expression and gesticulation were important factors in personal contact. The article describes some passages from ancient historiography which refer to emotional persuasion; its role and results.

Metody perswazji we współczesnych inscenizacjach antyku greckiego. Wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Grażyna Golik-Szarawarska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The study presents a look at the practice of a Polish theatre in the first decades of the 21st century in a perspective of classical rhetoric as a research tradition. It includes also an analysis of two important Polish theatrical performances: Oedipus Rex (directed by Jan Klata; premiered on 17th October 2013 in The Narodowy Stary Teatr im. Heleny Modrzejewskiej in Krakow) and Oresteia by Iannis Xenakis (directed by Michał Zadara; premiered on 14th March 2010 in The Teatr Wielki – Opera Narodowa in Warsaw). The analysis searches for performative examples of modern staging of Greek antiquity with reference to the fact that tragic experience is regarded as a kind of aesthetic experience. Researchers and authors associate the persuasive character of a Greek tragedy staged in a post-dramatic theatre with a katharsis category and reference to Aristotle’s authority. A prime conviction is that an persuasive effectiveness of the Greek tragedy is gained thanks to a theatre articulation and understanding of anagnorisis category. The mentioned performances are examples of persuasive action which is concentrated on action effectiveness. The main emphasis within the analysis is on an attempt to outline persuasive methods which are used in performing pragmatics of a modern theatre for realizing the persuasive specificity of an ancient tragedy. The performances discussed here are based on new strategies of dramatization of the classics; such as rewriting; adaptation; devising; recycling and sampling; which are used by directors. This article describes methods of space creation in a modern theatre under the strict rules which leads back to the tradition of the scène à l’italienne and use of non-theatre space; where the rules in comparison to the Greek theatre are completely different. Furthermore; this article is an attempt to outline the participation of a modern spectator in both performances as well as to show evidence of theatrical criticism and a particular document – a protocol of memories.

Komunikacja pozawerbalna w ikonografii nowożytnej

Author(s): Paulina Mikołajczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article presents the wide possibilities of an analysis of the role of feet in early modern iconography. All the paintings discussed are available on Wikimedia Commons web-site. Among them there are visions of ancient; mythological and biblical figures. The most telling examples of each theme are supplemented with symbolic commentary. There are also passages from the Vulgate in translation. The article explains why feet are thought to be the most sincere part of the human body and presents how (thanks to feet) it is possible to read social status; education and upbringing. The article shows what expressive possibilities feet had and have had over the centuries.

The role of normalized management systems in managing an organization

Author(s): Jerzy Łańcucki / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The author presents basic elements of sustainable development and relations between the standardization, normalized management systems and management.

Risk management and business continuity management systems

Author(s): Sławomir Zapłata / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

1. Risk and business continuity management – essence and objectives. 2. Systematic solutions in risk and business continuity management. 3. Practical aspects of risk and business continuity management. 3.1. Implementation of a business continuity management system. 3.2. Risk and business continuity management – research results. 3.3. Quality management as a tool for risk management.

Muzyczne inspiracje, eksplikacje, interpretacje i impresje w literaturze dla młodego czytelnika (na przykładzie utworów polskich i amerykańskich)

Author(s): Dorota Michułka,Kimberly McFall / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Quality management

Author(s): Jerzy Łańcucki,Jacek Łuczak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

1. Risk and business continuity management – essence and objectives. 2. Systematic solutions in risk and business continuity management. 3. Practical aspects of risk and business continuity management. 3.1. Implementation of a business continuity management system. 3.2. Risk and business continuity management – research results. 3.3. Quality management as a tool for risk management.1. Quality of life. 2. Product and service quality. 3. Quality management system. 3.1. ISO 9000. Quality management systems. Fundamentals and vocabulary. 3.2. ISO 9001. Quality management systems. Requirements. 3.3. International standard. ISO 9004. Managing for the sustained success of an organization – a quality management approach. 4. Correspondence between quality management systems and excellence models. 5. Process management. 5.1. Process management. 5.2. Business process management. 5.3. Essence of a process and process management. 5.4. Identification of processes and graphic modeling. 5.5. Business process modeling. 5.6. Business process models. 5.7. Standardization in process management. 6. Industrial management systems. 6.1. ISO 20000 – IT services management system. 6.2. Quality management systems in medical industry. 6.3. Quality assurance for supplies in aerospace industry on the basis of the AS9000 standards. 6.4. Systematic quality management for telecommunications industry suppliers on the basis of TL 9000. 6.5. Normative basis for quality management in automotive industry. 6.6. NATO requirements within the scope of quality management.

Lektura krajobrazu. Czasopisma krajoznawczo-turystyczne jako narzędzie edukacji w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym

Author(s): Katarzyna Tałuć / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the interwar period, the school was supported by numerous institutions and societies in its exceptional educational tasks at that time. Among them – the Polish Country- Lovers’ Society, which by publishing specialized magazines, provided teachers with methodological help. The aim of the article was to analyze selected press statements published in the pages of Orli Lot (Eagle’s Flight) – one of the most important tourist and travel magazines for between 1918 and 1939. By utilizing the tools of the press content analysis and geo-criticism method, it was proved that images of feelings associated with sensual perception of a given space dominated in descriptions of various landscapes. In addition to the cognitive function, descriptions of landscapes composed in such a way fulfilled an educational function, as they perpetuated in the minds of readers not so much the realistic as imaginary (subordinated to the idea or ideology) image of a given space, region, land.

Antyceremonie. Od „potęgi smaku” do rewolucji (Niesmacznik Natalii Usenko) Anti-ceremonies

Author(s): Małgorzata Wójcik-Dudek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is an attempt to show the ritual of dining as a tool of oppression applied to children. Literature aimed at children tries to help them overcome the trauma of eating process by showing culinary experience as a social event, which is the beginning of reflection on freedom, possibilities of making choices or building one’s own identity. According to the author the collection of poems by Natalia Usenko serves that purpose.

Environmental management systems

Author(s): Alina Matuszak-Flejszman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

1. Premises of implementing environmental management system. 2. Origins of environmental management systems. 3. Environmental management according to the ISO 14000 series standards. 4. Environmental management system in compliance with the ISO 14001 standard. 5. Eco-management and audit scheme EMAS. 6. Stages of implementing the environmental management system in the organization. 7. Similarities and differences between the ISO 14001 standard and EMAS. 8. Application of utility environmental management standards in the organization. 8.1. Evaluation of environmental performance. 8.2. Life cycle assessment. 8.3. Environmental labels and declarations. 8.4. Environmental design.

Food safety management systems

Author(s): Justyna Górna / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

1. Importance of food safety. 1.1. Types of food safety hazards. 1.2. Codex alimentarius commission. 1.3. History and rules of the HACCP system. 1.4. Legal requirements within the scope of food safety. 2. Importance of GMP/GHP in food safety assurance. 3. Food safety monitoring bodies in the world and the European Union. 4. Normalization and standardization requirements. 4.1. Food safety management in compliance with the ISO 22000:2005 standard. 4.2. Food safety management system in compliance with the requirements of the BRC standard. 4.3. Food safety management system in compliance with the international food standard.

Occupational health and safety management

Author(s): Alina Matuszak-Flejszman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

1. Legal basis for occupational health and safety. 2. Development of occupational health and safetysystems. 3. Standardized occupational health and safety management systems. 4. Occupational health and safety management system in compliance with the OHSAS 18001 standard. 4.1. Occupational health and safety policy. 4.2. Hazard identification, risk assessment and determinationof controls. 4.3. Health and safety legislation and other requirements. 4.4. Occupational health and safety objectives and programs. 4.5. Resources, roles, responsibility and authorization. 4.6. Competence, training, awareness. 4.7. Communication, participation and consultation. 4.8. Documentation. 4.9. Operational control. 4.10. Emergency preparedness and response. 4.11. Checking. 4.12. Management review.

The role of normalized management systems in the development of corporate social responsibility

Author(s): Magdalena Kaźmierczak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

1. CSR – sustainable and responsible business. 2. Application of stakeholder theory and social capital theory in shaping the CSR policy. 3. Standardization in the area of social responsibility. 3.1. Standard SA 8000 – the social responsibility management system. 3.2. The AA 1000 series – guidance on dialog, communication and stakeholder engagement. 3.3. ISO 26000 – international guidance on social responsibility. 4. Reporting in conformance with GRI guidelines.

Integration of management systems

Author(s): Alina Matuszak-Flejszman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

1. Essence and definition of the integration of management systems. 2. Motives for the integration of management systems. 3. Elements of the integration of management systems. 4. Interrelations of requirements between quality, environmental and OH&S management systems. 5. Methods for integrating management systems. 5.1. Building an integrated management system from the bottom up. 5.2. Building a management system on the basis of one systematic element and the gradual integration of the following systems with the existing system. 5.3. Building partially integrated management systems. 6. Levels of the integration of management systems. 7. Benefits of the integration of management systems. 8. Barriers to the integration of management systems.

Audit in normalized management systems

Author(s): Jacek Łuczak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

1. Audit in normalized management systems. 2. Essence of a management system audit. 3. Audit objectives and responsibility scopes. 4. Stages of audit actions.