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An agreement ending civil war between an insurgent separatist group and the state can occur if the state accepts an agreement in principle that state sponsored settler transfers into the insurgent ‘homeland’ territory does not dilute the legitimacy of insurgent claims to the territory. Such an agreement becomes increasingly possible if the insurgents accept an agreement in principle that minority population homogeneity in the contested territory will not be pursued. On the occasions where the insurgents will have been engaging in hostile acts toward the ‘settler’ population that has arrived as part of a state sponsored settler program, the insurgents see their anti-settler campaign as a means of obtaining self-determination. The state sees the settler program as a method of strengthening its claim of national sovereignty. A mediation effort would then have to gain an insurgency commitment to end the anti-settler campaign, so that it would be not seen as a threat to the territorial integrity or national sovereignty of the entire state.
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The scope of this article is to study the way Romania’s arguments with Hungary over Transylvania had been understood in the Finnish diplomatic and political circles during 1941-1942 . Though by no means unanimous, Finnish top leaders understood not to take sides when not directly expressing their approval of Romania’s position concerning Transylvania. The dispute of opinions between the Finnish diplomats in Budapest and Bucharest was followed with interest by the Finnish diplomacy who concluded that a Finnish balanced policy in relation with the two countries was not misplaced.
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La Roumanie se trouve dans le dernier stage avant de devenir plein membre de l'Union Européenne. Pourtant, loin d'être un tout droit "dernier cent mètres", dans cette période la Roumanie doit s'engager a accélérer le tempo des reformes, afin d'obtenir des résultats visibles. La "fiche de parcours" a été crée par la Commission Européenne, en se concentrant sur certaines aspects de l'acquis communautaire. Comme même, au delà de l'acquis, il y'a d'autres aspects qui influencent directement la performance de la Roumanie. La reforme de l'administration publique a été un des priorités des Gouvernements roumaines depuis les années 1990. La pression de l'Union Européenne a favorisé l'établissement d'un cadre législative et institutionnel compatible avec celui des pays Ouest-européennes. Est-il suffisant pour assurer la fonction efficiente de l'administration centrale et ces interactions avec le system européen? Est-ce qu'on peut parler d'un vrai procès d'Européanisation dans ce domaine, en touchant les traites essentielles de la capacité administrative? Et, finalement, est-ce qu'on peut identifier le lent procès de reforme de l'administration publique comme un des principaux obstacles sur le chemin d'intégration de la Roumanie dans l'Union Européenne?
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Looking back on theoretical approaches of basic themes like „work“ and „production“ in the modern world, equally applied on liberal as well as on communist societies, Hannah Arendts critique, especially on Karl Marx, is shown to be not an ideologic motivated rejection of the marxistic ideas. Reffering to the antique society model of Athen democracy, Arendt shows the main topics of the difference between an philosophical ideal and his interpretation in both modern Western and Eastern societies. Therefor, a look on todays post-communist society through Arendts theories shows intriguing results in genderspecific and also in general areas of private or social behaviour.
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Modern e-banks take a particular place in e-economy. Their importance for development of new economy has been emphasised in the e-Europe programme, that is one of the Lisbon Strategy principles. E-banking makes it possible to perform such services as: electronic tax clearings, unemployment benefit or scholarship payments. However, the rapid development of e-banking capabilities carries benefits as well as risks.
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N. C. Paulescu was a brilliant researcher in physiology, a mediocre thinker in sociology and a cruel preacher in politics. “The soul” is the key-concept of Paulescu’s “tractatus theologico-physiologicus” – and the anti-Semitism is a natural consequence of his inappropriate understanding of society. Unbinding the structure of his political, theological, scientific and common sense arguments, the present article tries to reveal the limits of this approach. In despite of the polemical tone, we are not arguing with Paulescu, but with the use and the abuse of Paulescu’s writings. This article is not a pleading against the interdisciplinary approaches, but a pleading for a clear delimitation between the domains of competence of each methodology.
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In the present paper I advocate the application of social constructivist theories to the practice of multi-level governance (MLG) in Europe. This would help fill both LG’s “theoretical vacuum” and constructivism’s “empirical vacuum.” After discussing the growing disconnect between EU integration theories and European MLG practice, I set up a framework for analyzing governance. Next, I use this framework to depict the classic social constructivist approach to governance. Further, I show that traditional integration theories are less appropriate to account for MLG than constructivism is. Finally, I propose a brief research agenda, through which constructivism and MLG could come together in a fruitful “marriage.”
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Diese Studie stellt ein interdisziplinäres Forschungsgebiet vor, das sich im Schnittpunkt der Übersetzungswissenschaft und der Gender-Studien befindet. Früher wurde die Übersetzung als Transfer zwischen Sprachen aufgefasst. Heute vertritt man eine andere Auffassung. Die Übersetzung wird heutigentags immer mehr als Transfer zwischen Kulturen, sogar Ideologien betrachtet. Dies kann einerseits mit den verschiedenen Konnotationen, andererseits mit den unterschiedlichen sprachlichen Ausdrucksmitteln im Zusammenhang stehen. In Bezug auf den Ausgangstext werden oft männliche Rollen assoziiert, während die Übersetzung mit weiblichen Rollen verkleidet wird. Die Unterschiede in den grammatischen Systemen machen es möglich, daß die Übersetzungen auch ein ideologisches Plus ausdrücken, also durch sie werden auch politische Ideologien vermittelt. Da die Sprachen mit unterschiedlichen grammatischen und lexikalischen Mitteln auf die Geschlechter referieren, hängt der Ideologische Transfer von der Natur der Ausgangs- bzw. Zielsprache ab, aber auch von der Richtung der Übersetzung. Die Rolle des Übersetzers wird dadurch verantwortlicher, indem er den Ausgangstext auch aus dem Aspekt des Gender zu analysieren hat. Es muß unbedingt entschieden werden, welche politischen Ideen im Text in der Zielsprache ausgedrückt werden, wie der Text in der Zielsprache auf die Leserschaft auch in diesem Zusammenhang wirken soll.
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The development of flexible forms of employment in Europe is often related to structural modifications (the « tertiarisation » phenomenon) and to conjonctural uncertainties concerning these economies. This article shows that a third interpretation is more adapted to account for employment flexibility. We refer here to changes in the way firms adjust to infraannual fluctuations of demand addressed to them.
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The paper focuses on the issue of climate change and on the policy designed to solve the climatic disturbances that the world confronts with. The article presents in brief the Kyoto Protocol, describing its innovative flexible mechanisms: the Emission Trading Scheme, the Joint Implementation and the Clean Development Mechanism. A further look is being paid at the implementation process of the Protocol: at the European level, the implementation already began, the European Union being the forefront actor in the climate policy. In Romania, the implementation process is just at the beginning. Having an inside look at the process shows a challenging picture in regard to the implementation and the enforcement of the Protocol.
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The Iraq crisis of 2001-2003 was a controversial and challenging moment for the European diplomacy and not only. Intending to reflect on the events that tormented the European political landscape and led to the “divide et impera” scenario within the European Union, the following research paper will address – from Kenneth Waltz’s structural realist perspective – the question regarding the insights of power that stimulated a de facto European political division in the Iraq crisis framework. The analysis will basically focus on the new American “postatlanticist” order and its effects on the EU’s fragile Common Foreign and Security Policy.
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Andrei Marga, Die kulturelle Wende. Philosophische Konsequenzen der Transformation. Cotitura culturală. Consecinţe filosofice ale tranziţiei. (Cluj University Press, 2004) Sergiu Mişcoiu, Le Front national et ses répercussions sur l’échiquier politique français (Cluj-Napoca, Efes, 2005, 135 p. Yves-Charles Zarka, Faut-il réviser la loi de 1905 ?, Presses Universitaires de France, 2005, 207 p. Charles Hampden-Turner, Fons Trompenaars, Au-delà du choc des cultures. Dépasser les oppositions pour mieux travailler ensemble, Editions d’Organisation, 2003. Donatella Schmidt, Antropologia del grigio. L’altro visto dall’altro (The grey of our days or the way we perceive the other), Unipress Publishing House, Padova, 2001
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The French national Gendarmerie has known notorious changes for a few years. These modifications are meant as well in terms of rationalization of the action and of the means as of legitimacy of the missions entrusted to the gendarmes. The transformation of this institution of State calls, consequently, with an analysis of the identity and professional representations due to these evolutions.
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The essay analyses the campaign led by two of the Founding Fathers, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, in order to ensure the adoption of the American Constitution by the New York Legislature in 1788. In a series of articles published under the title The Federalist, from October 1787 to July 1788, the main points of criticism of the constitution were addressed and dismantled. The essay maintains that this enterprise presents all the characteristics of a Public Relations campaign and analyses it as such.
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Shape and form: the existential-functional level of Higher Education—the system formation aspect; The relational dimension—the mode of existence and operation;
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L’article « Une perspective sur les pensées morales et éthiques de Benjamin Franklin. Des vertus religieuses devenues civiles », analyse la façon dont l’un des plus signifiants Déistes américains a adapte les vertus d’origine religieuse chrétienne (especiallement, mais pas nécessairement protestante) aux réalités de la société américaine de son temps, quand se posaient les bases de la société civile et du entrepreneurialisme moderne. En éliminant les récits des miracles divins et gardant la structure éthique d’inspiration religieuse, l’assaisonnant tout cependant d’éléments laïques, Franklin nous a offert un modèle de conduite applicable aussi de nos jours, independamment de notre confession religieuse.
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The main objective of this article is to present some general guidelines that might serve to the understanding of Jurgen Habermas’s approach towards the reform the United Nations Organisation. By encapsulating its thinking within the framework of the advanced analysis of the Critical School, this article will show the distinct approach that Habermas proposes – an approach that concentrates upon the solving of the democratic deficit of the UN by founding the global epistemic community that should be based upon the inter-individual communication.
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The objective assigned to deposit insurance is twofold. First, it aims at preventing the deposit liquidity risk if a bankruptcy occurs. Secondly, it intends to reduce banks' exposure to systemic risk. However, depositors, bank managers and/or shareholders behavior might be influenced by moral hazard incentives. From this perspective, the French mechanism was not much documented, even though significant changes occurred in the French legal framework. This paper is especially focusing on legal, regulatory and institutional responses to such moral hazard incentives. Moral hazard incentives could be reduced if the following measures were adopted: limits on maximum amounts and scope of deposit insurance; strict liability imposed on managers; as well as the definition of rules for a mandatory intervention of the authorities.
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