Kjære leser, la oss sammen gratulere Institutt for skandinaviske språk og litteratur med årets jubileum! BA-programmet i norsk språk og litteratur feirer 25 år, mens instituttet fyller hederlige 15 år. Det er imponerende hva som i løpet av disse årene er produsert av kunnskap innen språk og litteratur siden starten i 1991.
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Let us together congratulate Institute for Scandinavian Language and Literature with this year’s anniversary.The Bachelor’s program in Norwegian language and literature celebrates 25 years, while the Institute commemorates 15 honorable years.The knowledge about language and literature that have been produced during the years since the beginning in 1991 is impressive.
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NORLA – Norsk litteratur i utlandet arbeider aktivt for å fremme oversettelser av Norsk litteratur, og hvert år bidrar vi til rundt 400 utgivelser på nesten 50 forskjellige språk. Vi i NORLA ser en svært tydelig sammenheng mellom levende nordistikk-miljøer og oversettelser, og Romania er et av de beste eksemplene. For oss som jobber for at norsk litteratur skal nå ut i verden kan ikke betydningen av universitetsmiljøer som det i Cluj overvurderes. Uten utdannede, dyktige oversettere blir det ingen oversettelser. Så enkelt er det.
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NORLA - Norwegian literature abroad, through active work, aims at promoting the translation of Norwegian literature, contributing every year to the translation of 400 publications into almost 50 different languages.Through NORLA, we perceive a very distinct connection among the active Norwegian environments and the translations, and Romania is one of the best examples. For us who are interested in promoting Norwegian literature abroad, we cannot deny the importance of the academia, the one from Cluj being highly appreciated. It cannot be any translation without educated and competent translators. It is as simple as that.
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Dette spesialnummeret av Studia Univeristatis Babeş-Bolyai. Philologia tilbyr plass til utgivelsen av bidrag som presenterer norsk språk, litteratur og kultur, forfattet av de fleste gjesteforeleserne som har besøkt Instituttet for skandinaviske språk og litteratur ved Filologifakultetet i de siste femten årene. Denne utgivelsen markerer 25-årsjubileet av norskundervisningen i Cluj på bachelornivå, og også 15-årsjubileet av Instituttet for norsk språk og litteratur. Jeg vil uttrykke en varm takk til gjesteforeleserne hvis akademiske og vitenskapelige prestisje og bidrag beærer både tidsskriftet Studia og Babeş-Bolyai-Universitetet. Artiklene omfatter et bredt antall forskningsemner, og formidler en dypere forståelse av norsk språk og kultur, både i en skandinavisk og en internasjonal sammenheng. Samtidig er disse artiklene et uttrykk for den nære norsk-rumenske kulturkontakten som har blitt utviklet ved hjelp av norske institusjoner og universiteter i samarbeid med norskfaget i Cluj gjennom 25 år.
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This special issue of Studia Univeristatis Babeş-Bolyai. Philologia comprises contributions showcasing the Norwegian language, literature and culture and authored by most of the visiting professors who have lectured at The Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature of the Faculty of Letters over the last fifteen years. This release marks both the 25th anniversary of Norwegian teaching at bachelor level in Cluj and the 15th anniversary of The Department of Scandinavian Languages and Literature. I would like to extend my warmest thanks to the visiting professors whose academic and scientific prestige and contribution honour both the Studia journal and Babeș-Bolyai University itself. The articles cover a wide range of research topics and convey a profound understanding of the Norwegian language and culture, both in a Scandinavian and in an international context. At the same time, these articles are an expression of the close Norwegian-Romanian cultural bond forged over 25 years with the help of Norwegian institutions and universities and in cooperation with the Norwegian Studies in Cluj.
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Keywords: autobiography; intertextuality; self-reflection; falling; precipices; guilt feeling.
Falling Men. An Intertextual Motif in Ibsen’s Prose and Dramatic Writing. The article is about Henrik Ibsen’s enigmatic play, The Masterbuilder (1892), which is being read and interpreted via two Ibsen prose texts; his first letter to George Brandes (1867), and his autobiographic fragment, “Childhood Memories” (1881). In the play, as well as in the texts, a strange, dramatic, deadly fall occurs. A closer investigation of the tragic events shows that falling is related to guilt in all the cases. The tandem reading of the play and the prose texts shows the recurrent motif of “edge” situations in his authorship, and presents another reading of the ending of The Masterbuilder.
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Keywords: August Strindberg; Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson; breakthrough; emancipation of women.
The End of a Friendship. Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, August Strindberg, The Emancipation of Women and The Union Between Norway and Sweden. The Swedish writer August Strindberg was by far the most important of my youth years. This article is an attempt to look back and find the reason for this, in light of my later work about the Norwegian writer Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson. There was something different about Strindberg. Where Bjørnson wrote to strengthen the Norwegian fight for democracy, and the famous Henrik Ibsen wrote about the universal riddles of the human being, Strindberg had a much stronger sense of the contemporary, a spirit of revolt towards all sorts of conventions. Even though his opinions in many cases are different from his contemporaries, it does not mean that he did not raise very important questions. In my opinion, he is still the most evident representative for the modern breakthrough.
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Keywords: trauma fiction; traumatic images; media images; ekphrasis.
Trauma fiction and media images in two Norwegian novels. The article explores the work of media descriptions in two contemporary Norwegian novels, Eirik Ingebrigtsen’s Heimfall. Ei juleforteljing (2012) and Øyvind Vågnes’ Sekundet før (2010). The main intention is to discuss their use of media images in a trauma plot, whereby I take as my point of departure some reflections on the photographic image. Similar to traumatic images, photographs can be described as literal and decontextualized, while the increase of circulating media images instead causes an overwhelming exposure and massive contextualization of a traumatic event.
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Keywords: children’s literature; blasphemy; double address; literary criticism; religion.
Erlend Loe’s Kurtby – blasphemy for the whole family? This article explores the public reception of the fifth book in the series Erlend Loe has written about Kurt through analysis of previews, reviews and commentaries retrieved from Norwegian newspapers. The novel was provocative in its references to a real life murder in Sweden, and it was marketed as “blasphemy for the whole family”. This characterization is echoed in the public discourse about the book. The questions discussed include whether this is blasphemy; and how the book may communicate with children as audience.
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Keywords: post dramatic text; dramaturgic strategies; identity and existence; existential and ethical consequences; empathy and compassion; evolution of consciousness.
Will humanity survive? Arne Lygre’s Jeg forsvinner. The article is an analysis of a text for theatre by the Norwegian writer Arne Lygre. The analysis focuses on three dramaturgic strategies in the text and how they put into performance the biological and existential conditions of social life in our society today. Important questions the text raises have to do with identity and empathy or compassion and possible consequences of an evolution of consciousness.
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Keywords: Sigrid Undset; Norwegian literary research; medieval fiction; fatal love; nature and sexuality; critique of feminism; Camille Paglia.
The Perils of Love – a Favorite Theme in Sigrid Undset’s Writings. Love and its fateful consequences is a recurring theme in Undset’s writings. Undset was critical of the non-committal views on love and sexuality that characterized society at the time, which she believed had lost sight of what she called ‘the perils of love’. She found a more adequate understanding of love in medieval culture and poetry. This article will analyze the subject of the perils of love in the medieval novel Kristin Lavransdatter and in the contemporary novel Jenny. In conclusion it is argued that Undset’s critique of the feminist trivialization of sexuality has striking similarities with Camille Paglia’s critique of feminism today.
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Keywords: Sami representation iconography; pictogram theories.
Knud Leem’s illustration of the unfamiliar: A description of the lapps of Finnmark and the European tradition. This article will discuss the following questions: Can modern pictogram theories be a key to understanding a work from the 1760s, and does Leem succeed in distancing himself from the misconceptions of earlier European contemporary Sami iconography? The theme is whether Leem complies with the traditional Sami iconography or whether he breaks with former presentations.
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Keywords: Norwegian poetry; melancholy; psychoanalysis; Hanne Aga.
The flesh of the language, the speech of the body. On Hanna Aga's poetic insight. The author of the article presents the main features of Aga's poetic universe, one of the most exciting Norwegian poets, whose voice was heard especially in the 1980's and 1990's. She focuses specifically on melancholy which constitutes the basic tone of Aga's poetry and which may be regarded as one of the fundamental figures in our thought concerning humanity and culture. The reading of Aga's poetry is a .o. based on Julia Kristeva's and Sigmund Freud's theories on the phenomenon of melancholy.
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Keywords: Literary Theory; deconstruction; biography; Knut Hamsun.
Literature, Science, and Univocality. Theory and Praxis. As the characters of novels become unresolved in Modernism, the public turned to (national) literary history and authors’ biographies. The last decades autobiographical elements have invaded all genres and made up new ones. In Norway there has been a pronounced self-conscious shift from fiction of faction (saklitteratur). At the same time there is a pragmatic turn in criticism, focusing on identification with literary characters, authors, and social issues. This article reflects on this trend taking its cue from Rita Felski´s admonition of French Theory, and Tore Rem´s highly praised book on Hamsun´s alleged Nazism.
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Keywords: Norwegian fairy tales; Jan Erik Vold; colours; fra rom til rom SAD & CRAZY (From Room To Room: SAD & CRAZY); prose poetry.
Norwegian Fairy Tales Seen in Different Colours – Jan Erik Vold’s Prose Poems in fra rom til rom SAD & CRAZY (From Room To Room: SAD & CRAZY). This article aims at presenting one of the volumes of prose poems written by the Norwegian poet Jan Erik Vold, fra rom til rom SAD & CRAZY (From Room To Room: SAD & CRAZY). The emphasis is placed on a selection of Vold’s prose poems, pointing out the way in which the poet takes a completely unique approach to the modern Norwegian fairy tales. It is important to remark the manner in which Vold manages to create a series of modern fairy tales by using concrete themes, most of them being connected with everyday life situations.
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Keywords: time; space; temporality; father; childhood; death; absence; distance.
Different aspects of temporality in the novel Christmas Oratorio by Göran Tunström. Most of the works written about Göran Tunström’s novel Christmas Oratorio have focused on the diversity of narrative elements, thus providing valuable linguistic and stylistic insights. However, by investigating the complex aspects that characterize time and temporality we hope to reveal that the memories related to family and childhood can trespass the present, thus shedding a new light on the “diversality” of this both fictional and autobiographical novel.
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Dans le cadre des recherches effectuées depuis janvier 2013 au sein de l’axe de Linguistique comparée des langues romanes (LICOLAR) du Centre aixois d’études romanes (CAER EA 854) de la Faculté Arts, Lettres, Langues et Sciences Humaines (ALLSH) d’Aix Marseille Université (AMU), dans le cadre de la thématique 2 « La représentation spatiale dans les langues romanes : langues standards, langues régionales et dialectes », avec la création d’un corpus écrit comptant à ce jour une cinquantaine de transcriptions d’ouvrages italiens, français, roumain et portugais, ainsi qu’une trentaine de transcriptions de périodiques Disney italien et français des années Trente à nos jours, et dans la perspective d’un colloque consacré au roman graphique en langues romanes et germaniques, qui aura lieu en avril 2017 en collaboration avec l’Università di Napoli L’Orientale, les Rencontres du 9e Art d’Aix-en-Provence, et l’Institut Italien de Culture (IIC) de Marseille, le Goethe Institut, le CAER qui réunit des spécialistes de l’italien, du français, du roumain, de l’espagnol, du portugais et du néo-latin, a organisé une journée d’études le 9 mars 2016, afin d’établir des passerelles entre secondaire et supérieur.
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Keywords: graphic novel; Italian; didactic; WWI.
La Grande Guerra. Storia di nessuno, by Alessandro Di Virgilio and Davide Pascutti : educational use of a graphic novel proposal in foreign language class. Our contribution includes the presentation of two teaching sequences in Italian class, starting with the material offered by a graphic novel about the First World War in Italy. Analysis of images and text will understand how the media contributes to the understanding of a crucial event in history. It will also show the educational benefits of a graphic novel to an audience of learners in Italian advanced level.
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Keywords: Years of Lead; terrorism; ionizing; violence; comics.
Anni di Piombo - Die bleierne Zeit: Comparative views. This paper proposes a contrastive analysis of the so called “Years of lead” in Italy and Germany. First we look at the meaning of this term and its use. Next, the social, economic and political context in which terrorist violence emerged in the two countries in the seventies is presented and a comparative chronology of the main events is analyzed. The analysis ends by looking at the question of iconography and iconizing of the years of lead.
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