Un tableau votif et une nécropole familiale. L’église du logothète Tăutu de Bălineşti

Un tablou votiv şi o necropolă familială. Biserica logofătului Tăutu de la Bălineşti

Author(s): Ştefan S. Gorovei / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Bălineşti; logothète Ioan Tăutu; tableau votif; nécropole familiale; généalogie

Figure de proue des règnes d’Étienne le Grand (1457–1504) et de son fils Bogdan III (1504–1517), Ioan Tăutu a rempli, pendant 36 années, la plus haute charge dans l’administration de la principauté moldave: grand logothète (chancelier) du pays. Sa longue activité intéresse non seulement l’histoire politique de la Moldavie (il fut un expert de premier rang dans le domaine des relations avec la Pologne et l’Empire Ottoman), mais aussi l’histoire culturelle par les résultats du patronage qu’il a exercé. Sa présence dans les vieilles traditions moldaves (perpétuées par ses descendants) est bien compréhensible.A Bălineşti (aujourd’hui dans le département de Suceava), le logothète Tăutu († 1511) fît construire une belle et imposante église, consacrée en 1499 et richement ornée à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur. Malheureusement, ces fresques ne sont pas datées. On a essayé de dater en 1500–1511 celles de l’intérieur par rapport au tableau votif peint sur le mur ouest de la nef, mais cette hypothèse est sérieusement minée par les confusions sur lesquelles elle se fonde: on a interprété de manière erronée les informations offertes par le tableau votif et les dalles funéraires. L’auteur propose de restreindre cet intervalle aux années 1501–1505, vu la présence du portrait de Petraşco: ce fils du logothète est né après septembre 1500 (lorsque mourut son frère, qui portait le même nom), ce qui explique pourquoi le tableau votif le représente en bas âge.La seconde partie de l’étude est consacrée à la reconstitution de la nécropole familiale; on utilise les résultats des recherches archéologiques (qui ont mis au jour les traces de 18 tombes datant des XVe–XVIIe siècles, ayant appartenu aux membres de la famille du fondateur de l’église), ainsi que les informations fournies par les documents concernant la transmission de la propriété du village à travers plusieurs générations des descendants du logothète Tăutu.

Saint Nicholas Church from Bălineşti. Observations and Findings

Biserica Sfântul Nicolae din Bălineşti. Observaţii şi constatări

Author(s): Voica Maria Pușcașu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: medieval archaeology; boyar residence; Bălineşti; Ion Tăutu; Dragotă Tăutu

The archaeological excavations performed between 2002 and 2004 at the church of chancellor Ion Tăutu court from Bălineşti, Grămeşti commune, Suceava County, yielded some important results. First we determined the technical details of the foundation of the church. Second we found that the present porch is the result of a change in the original plan, which provided for a space outside the entrance of the church, of smaller dimensions than the current porch and, probably, not as high. Finally, we investigated the interior, especially, and exterior necropolis and we were able to identify some of the tombs, even though they were devastated for the most part. Thus we identified the tombs of Ion Tăutu, of his sons and of Dragotă Tăutu. Also we discovered tombs from a later period (18th century), when the boyar residence was no longer inhabited by descendants of the main branch of Tăutu family.

“The Donation on Ceremuş”

„Donaţia de pe Ceremuş”

Author(s): Alexandru Pînzar / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Northern border of Moldavia; lifetime donation; Ceremuş; Ioan Tăutul; Ion Neculce

The reliability of the information comprised in the tradition passed down by chronicler Neculce about fixing the Moldavian Northern border on Ceremuş River as a result of the peace treaty between Stephen the Great and the Polish King after the battle from Codrii Cosminului, was completely refuted by our historiography in the beginning. Then, after new Polish sources which confirmed it were published, it was accepted by the historians. For this reason, one needed an exhaustive analysis of all known sources about “the donation on Ceremuş”.Surveying all references to the eleven villages mentioned in Neculce’s narration from the internal documents issued in Moldavia and in the Ruthenian Voivodeship within the Polish Kingdom, confirmed, beyond any doubt, that in 1499 King John Albert donated to Ioan Tăutul, the great chancellor of Stephen the Great, the villages on the right side of Ceremuş.Evidence from documents issued after 1531, after the peace negotiations between the envoys of king Sigismund I and those of Petru Rareş, but also from the text of the treaty concluded at the end of August 1538 by the Moldavian ruler and great hetman Jan Tarnowski, the King’s representative, give us all the reasons to believe that it was then that the small territory on the right side of Ceremuş was ceded to the rulers from Suceava upon a verbal agreement.

Converging Histories – Parallel Histories. Moldavia and Wallachia in 1457 and 1476

Istorii paralele, istorii convergente. Moldova şi Ţara Românească în 1457 şi 1476

Author(s): Marian Coman,Ovidiu Cristea / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Wallachia; Moldavia; power; Stephen the Great; Vlad the Impaler

By means of a comparative approach, this article aims to assess the despotic and infrastructural power of fifteenth-century Wallachia and Moldavia. By applying Michael Mann’s theory of social power to an analysis of these two late medieval polities, we have attempted to find a balance between structural and individual explanations. We have chosen to focus on two key moments, 1457 and 1476, when the histories of Wallachia and Moldavia are the most closely intertwined. The first section of the article, entitled converging histories, deals with Stephen the Great’s and Vlad the Impaler’s political options in the multi-polar regional arena. Scrutinizing the decision margins the two rulers faced, we contrast Stephen’s success with Vlad’s failure. Our interpretation is that, despite having initially a similar kind of despotic power, Stephen and Vlad used it differently. The second part of the article, entitled parallel histories, proposes a comparative analysis of Stephen’s and Vlad’s infrastructural power based on the documents issued by their chanceries. A quantitative investigation reveals that the state has infiltrated society in a far more significant way in Moldavia than in Wallachia. A qualitative analysis of the first charters issued at the beginning of the two reigns suggests that the links between subjects and ruler, entailed by the infrastructural power, were considerably more developed in Moldavia. Therefore, despite apparent similarities, Stephen the Great and Vlad the Impaler differ both in their psychological profiles, as well as in the type of power they had at their disposal.

The Political Relations between Moldavia of Stephen the Great and Genoese of Crimea (1457–1469)

Relaţiile politice ale Moldovei lui Ştefan cel Mare cu genovezii din Crimeea (1457–1469)

Author(s): Alessandro Flavio Dumitraşcu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: political relation; historiography; alliance; conflict; geopolitics

The Political Relations between Moldavia of Stephen the Great and Genoese of Crimeea were studied by N. Iorga and Şerban Papacostea, the former considering that peaceful relationships prevailed, the latter underlining the conflictual episodes. The case study of the period 1457–1469 allows us to check these two directions at least for this fragment of time. The chronological and factual framework suggests that we must analyse the political relations between Moldavia of Stephen the Great and Genoese of Crimeea according to the geopolitical compatibility or incompatibility. The conclusion is that we must periodize these relations in three phases in which peace and conflict alternated, 1457–1469, 1469–1473 and 1473–1475. Furthermore, for the first period, we can talk about cooperation between the two political actors, above all in front of the danger of the Ottoman Empire.

Yusuf’s Chronicle. The Ottoman Campaign from 1476

Cronica lui Yusuf. Campania otomană din 1476

Author(s): Nagy Pienaru / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Yusuf; Stephen the Great; Mehmed the Conqueror; Moldavia; Ottoman Empire

The present study provides the specialists in the epoch of Stephen the Great (1457–1504) with a fragment from the elaborated chronicle of Yusuf bin Abdullah about Sultan Mehmed II (1451–1481) summer of 1476 campaign. The author outlined several peculiarities of Yusuf’s naration, which make it different from the other Osman chronicles. A faithful of Islam, Yusuf dubbed the Moldavian voievode as „faithless” (bi din), but, on the other hand, this narator is the only one from the group of the Turkish chroniclers who resembled the strong resistance of Stephen’s Moldavians to the strength of the wall built by Alexander the Great, who appears in the muslim mythology as Iskender. Through this metaphore Yusuf tried to sweeten the bitter taste of Mehmed’s defeat. In the appendix the author provides the translation of folios 90 and 91 from Yusuf’s manuscript, a work discovered by chance.

An Echo from Belgrade of the Moldavian-Ottoman Clash from 1476

Un ecou din Belgrad al confruntării moldo-otomane din 1476

Author(s): Ştefan Andreescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Belgrade; Akinjis; Danube; Dracula; siege

A report to the king of Hungary, probably written in mid November 1476, describes in detail the campaign of sultan Mehmed II in Moldavia, based on intelligence provided by the spies sent from Belgrade into the Ottoman territory. The expedition’s totally unsatisfactory result is revealed by a note stating that when the Ottoman army left Moldavia it crossed Danube in just “four days”, whereas when it came it needed no less than forty eight days ! One of the novel, extremely valuable elements provided by this document is the piece of information that the day before the lost battle from White Valley, July 26, Stephen the Great, the ruler of Moldavia, succeeded in destroying the terrible vanguard of Akinjis, lead by Ali Bey Mihaloglu.

Stephen the Great, Prince of Wallachia

Ştefan cel Mare, domn al Ţării Româneşti

Author(s): Sergiu Iosipescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Great Wallachia; Moldavia; Dobroudja; Stephen the Great; Mehmed II

During the Pontic (Black-Sea) war against the Ottoman empire (1473–1486) Stephen the Great, prince of Moldavia (1457–1504) and his councilors subordinated Wallachia (the South Carpathian Romanian Principality), position reflected in the Cantacuzene’s Chronicle by a mention of the prince Stephen’s reign in that principality and by a religious foundation – the princely church of Râmnicul Sărat. The author argues that the 19 years of Stephen the Great’s reign in Wallachia mentioned in the chronicle are the period of Moldavian’s rule upon the fortresses of Chilia-Lycostomo and its territory, i.e. South of interfluve Prut-Sasic (Sărata), the Danube Delta and North-East Dobroudja, an Eastern part of the former Bessarabia, a part of the principality of Wallachia.Stephen the Great also launched an attack to central Dobroudja with the aim of dismantling the Ottoman aggressive frontier (uğ) installed there. This new assertion is based on a passage from Jan Długosz’ Historia Polonica about the results of the Romanian attack, during which the Ottoman salt provisions of Dobroudja seashore (probably from Tuzla, North of Constantza) were destroyed. The passage was summarized in the Polish Chronicle of Joachim Bielski, and now, by a restitution of the whole campaign this episode can be dated in the winter 1477/1478. From that time Moldavia was recognized as Great Wallachia and her prince as the Great Wallachian, and could negotiate a peace agreement (sulhnâme), granted by Mehmed II in 1479.Using a newly discovered Spanish chronicle of the Ottomans the study emphasizes the importance of the Armenian colonies in Moldavia during Stephen the Great’s reign. The author supposes that the persecution of this minority in “Great Wallachia”, mentioned in a letter of Patriarch Maxim to the Venetian Duke in January 1480, refers to Moldavia, and thanks to this interpretation he dates the above mentioned sulhnâme to 1479.

The Seals of the Boyars of Stephen the Great

Sigiliile boierilor lui Ştefan cel Mare

Author(s): Tudor-Radu Tiron,Lucian-Valeriu Lefter / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Medieval boyar’s sphragistics; seals; historiography; Moldavian boyars; Stephen the Great

The sphragistics of the boyars from the time of Stephen the Great was not up to now the object of an exhaustive study. The specialists concentrated on the princely heraldry, which offered multiple ways of analysis, using information from documents, epigraphy, numismatics, sigillography and so on, and paid little attention to boyar’s heraldry. The sphragistics of the Moldavian boyars is attested by the seal impressions on foreign and internal documents as a sign of validation and it gives a lot of insight into the practices of the chancery both from the genealogical and the heraldic point of view. The authors gathered a total of 35 representations, most of them in wax but also three seal matrices (in fact signet rings), which, when we think there was a total of 114 boyars in the princely council throughout the reign of Stephen the Great, amount to almost 30% of the total. The present study aims at better understanding the medieval boyar sphragistics, which was at its best during the epoch of Stephen the Great. It presents the current bibliography on the topic, the statistics, it discusses the main points of view, it collects all available data and it uses the latest information on the topic.

The Last Pages of a Common History: The Great Skete from Galicia and Suceviţa Monastery

Ultimele pagini ale unei istorii comune: Schitul Mare din Galiţia şi Mănăstirea Suceviţa

Author(s): Ioan-Augustin Guriţă / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Great Skete (Maniava); Metropolitan Gavriil Callimachi; Metropolitan Leon Gheuca; Coşula Monastery; Suceviţa Monastery

Founded in the first years of the 17th century, the Great Skete (Maniava) was the only Orthodox monastery in Galicia after the successive conversions to the Catholic communion of the dioceses from that area, and it was quickly advanced to the status of stauropegion of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The Moldavian Suceviţa Monastery was submitted to the Galician Skete in 1648 and, for over a century, both of them shared the same abbot. The Great Skete was closed in 1785, and the monks had to find refuge in the neighbouring Orthodox countries.It was known from a document published in 1804 by Constantin Erbiceanu, that there were 35 monks who came from Maniava to Moldavia in 1786. That document makes reference to another one, in which the monks pledged allegiance to the prince of Moldavia and obedience to the Metropolitan from Iaşi. Unknown until now, the latter document survived as a certified copy in the old archive of Coşula Monastery and it is published in the appendix. From this document we find that 21 monks from the Galician Monastery had already settled in Coşula Monastery in 1783/1784. Thus, we understand the reason why these other 35 monks were placed in Zbereni and Coşula monasteries. In the same archive there are some documents brought by the monks from the Great Skete, which include original documents of Suceviţa Monastery. The monks also brought some books and liturgical objects (icons, chalices, etc.).The author also studied the diptych of the Great Skete, preserved in the Library of the Romanian Academy (Slavic manuscript no. 79), and found important information about the number and position of the monks who lived and died in those monasteries after 1786.

Monasteries from Bucovina in the Light of Documents from Sever Zotta

Mănăstirile bucovinene în lumina unor documente de la Sever Zotta

Author(s): Ana-Felicia Diaconu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Sever Zotta; archives; Bucovina; monasteries; Suceava

The paper highlights the way data about the Monasteries from Bucovina are reflected in a series of documents from Sever Zotta.The first part presents three official reports on the archives of Bucovina prepared by the Director of the State Archives from Iaşi in 1919 and submitted to the management of the institution in Bucharest. The first report includes references to a comprehensive report made in 1909, very important especially for its detailed information about the documents from Suceviţa, Putna and Dragomirna monasteries, many of which having disappeared by 1919. Sever Zotta also investigated the impact of the Russian occupation on the archives and libraries of the monasteries from Bucovina. The reports are very important from the perspective of the reconstruction of the old patrimony of the monasteries from Bucovina, with a quantitative and structured estimation of their former documents and the status of their archives in 1919.The second part presents the hand-written notes of the author which formed the basis of the official reports. They complement the latter with personal impressions from the trip, details about the routes, their challenges and subtle remarks about what he observed in the monasteries. Their scope includes also the precincts, the precious objects and the monasteries as a whole, providing us with brief images of what he deemed representative.

The Deposition of Metropolitan Sava Balaci by Constantin Duca in 1702. Significations of a Power Crisis

„Mazilirea” mitropolitului Sava Balaci de Constantin Duca în 1702. Semnificaţiile unei crize de putere

Author(s): Monah Iustin Taban / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Metropolitan Sava Balici; Constantin Duca; tax on cattle; deposition; 1702

Metropolitan Sava Balici is a personality whose life intertwined with more than 40 years from the history of Moldavia: abbot of Putna Monastery (1682–1685), Bishop of Roman (1685–1689), Metropolitan of Moldavia (1689–1702) and ex-metropolitan, withdrawn to Sineşti Skete (1702–1722). In his long ecclesiastical career he interacted with 9 rulers and dozens of Moldavian dignitaries, with many of the latter having developed ties and political affinities, sharing a common vision about the economic and social good of the country. This is the reason why he opposed the oppressing tax on cattle, reinstated by Constantin Duca in his second reign (1700–1703), refusing to unbind the curse he had placed on the tax in 1698, during the reign of Antioh Cantemir (1696–1700). His refusal as well as his declining to call back from abroad the Moldavian boyars, who parted with Constantin Duca because they disapproved of his economic and social policy, led to him being deposed and replaced with Bishop Misail of Roman in January 1702. The political gesture of Sava Balaci seriously shook the stability of the reign of Constantin Duca, with respect both to the Moldavian people and to the Ottoman Porte, eventually leading to the ruler’s deposition in June 1703. Also, the firm stance of Metropolitan Sava with regard to the tax on cattle will be adopted half a century later by another offspring of Putna, who became metropolitan, a spiritual descendant of Sava, Jacob of Putna (1750–1760), who will remain in the memory of the Moldavian people as the Metropolitan who abolished the tax on cattle.

Au monastère de Poutna, pendant le règne d’Alexandre Lăpuşneanu. Informations inaperçues

La Mănăstirea Putna, în domnia lui Alexandru vodă Lăpuşneanu. Informaţii neobservate

Author(s): Ştefan S. Gorovei / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Poutna; Alexandre Lăpuşneanu; Melchior Balassa; Ferenc Zay

En 2010, l’auteur de cet article avait affirmé que pendant le règne d’Alexandre Lăpuşneanu (1552–1561, 1564–1568) le monastère aurait mené une existence paisible, sous la protection de ce prince et de son épouse Roxanda, tous deux petit-fils du fondateur, Étienne le Grand. Cette affirmation doit être nuancée, au moins en ce qui concerne le laps de temps qui sépare les deux segments de ce règne. Il y a deux informations contemporaines qui semblent être restées inaperçues, quoique publiées depuis beaucoup de temps. Le cardinal hongrois Franciscus Forgách de Ghymes (1535–1577) raconte dans ses mémoires (Rerum hungaricarum sui temporis commentarii), imprimées en 1788, que, quelque temps avant la mort de l’empereur Ferdinand (25 juillet 1564), les nobles hongrois Melchior (Menyhárt, Menyhért) baron Balassa de Gyarmath et François (Ferenc) baron Zay de Csömör préparaient une expédition militaire dans le but d’attaquer un monastère très riche de Moldavie (monasterium quondam in Moldavia, principum donariis aureis atque argenteis opulentissimum). Mais ils ont dû abandonner ce projet vu les difficultés de la route qu’ils auraient dû prendre.Le projet de Balassa et de Zay peut être daté de la manière la plus précise grâce à une lettre envoyée de Bistriţa à Sibiu le 4 février 1564, dont l’expéditeur fait état d’un projet similaire: il parle d’une petite armée (3500 hommes) qui avait pour but de passer en Moldavie pour mettre à sac le monastère de Poutna (ut ad claustrum Putna proficescerentur ac idem despoliarent), tentative échouée elle-aussi.Les deux sources concernent, sans aucun doute, les mêmes événements: les deux commandants militaires hongrois ont essayé de piller le plus important monastère moldave, renommé à l’époque pour les richesses qu’il avait accumulées suite aux donations princières dont il a bénéficié au cours du siècle passé depuis sa fondation. Le moment de l’attaque fut très bien choisi: en janvier 1564, Alexandre Lăpuşneanu n’avait pas récupéré son trône, tandis que son adversaire (Tomşa), quoique déchu par les Ottomans, contrôlait encore le pays. La tentative d’expédition en Moldavie s’est produite justement dans ce vide de pouvoir.

“On Wings of Peace and Morning Air…” Klopstock, Tersteegen and the Young Hölderlin: Poetical Visions of Silence

„Na skrzydłach pokoju, w porannym wietrzyku…”. Tersteegen, Klopstock, młody Hölderlin: poetyckie wizje ciszy

Author(s): Agnieszka K. Haas / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2011

Keywords: German Literature of the 18th century; Hölderlin; Klopstock; Mysticism; Pietism; Tersteegen

Teologicznie ważny temat ciszy był podejmowany również w poezji XVIII w. Trzej niemieccy poeci znajdujący się pod wpływem pietyzmu – Gerhard Tersteegen (1697‒1769), Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1724‒1803) oraz Friedrich Hölderlin (1770‒1843) realizują go na trzy różne sposoby. Gerhard Tersteegen, w ujęciu ciszy najbliższy teologii chrześcijańskiej, korzysta z tradycji mistycznej, w której cisza związana jest z kontemplacją oraz stanowi warunek zjednoczenia duszy z Bogiem. Także dla F. G. Klopstocka pojęcia ciszy i pokoju wypływają z doświadczenia religijnego, chociaż poeta używa ich również w utworach o tematyce świeckiej. Młody F. Hölderlin ukazuje ciszę jako alegoryczną postać bóstwa. Łącząc myśl platońską z tradycją chrześcijańską dąży do stworzenia uniwersalnej, duchowej, ale nie religijnej wizji ciszy.

“Kukuryku” series in the postwar edition of the Fable and the Fairy Tales Publishing House (Wydawnictwo Bajek i Baśni)

Seria „Kukuryku” w powojennej edycji Wydawnictwa Bajek i Baśni

Author(s): Wanda A. Ciszewska,Małgorzata Kowalska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2011

Keywords: “Biblios”; books for children; children’s publishing; Fable and the Fairy Tales Publishing House (Wydawnictwo Bajek i Baśni); Krakow; “Kukuryku. Wesołe Bajki i Powiastki”; “Senzacja”

Wydawnictwo Bajek i Baśni to oficyna z Krakowa, która swoją aktywność na rynku książki zainicjowała w latach 30. XX w. W okresie powojennym firma kontynuowała działalność publikując w latach 1945‒1947 65 pozycji. Na powojenną produkcję wydawnictwa składał się cykl „Skarb Bajek i Baśni” oraz seria „Kukuryku”, które stanowiły przeróbki światowych bajek i baśni przeznaczone dla młodszych dzieci. Według dotychczasowych ustaleń seria „Kukuryku” obejmowała 32 zeszyty, jednak dzięki poszukiwaniom autorek w katalogu Biblioteki Narodowej dokonania Wydawnictwa Bajek w zakresie tego cyklu poszerzono o dalsze pozycje. Są to różne warianty poszczególnych tytułów. W rezultacie ustalono 41 publikacji wydanych w okresie powojennym, a łączonych z serią „Kukuryku”.

Andrzej Jan Chodubski, Górnik, geolog Witold Zglenicki (1850‒1904) „Polski Nobel”, Towarzystwo Naukowe Płockie, Płock 2011, ss. 189.

Andrzej Jan Chodubski, Górnik, geolog Witold Zglenicki (1850‒1904) „Polski Nobel”, Towarzystwo Naukowe Płockie, Płock 2011, ss. 189.

Author(s): Adam Romejko / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2011

Carl Anderson, Cywilizacja Miłości. Co każdy katolik może zrobić, by zmienić świat, Wydawnictwo św. Stanisława BM, Kraków 2009, ss. 227.

Carl Anderson, Cywilizacja Miłości. Co każdy katolik może zrobić, by zmienić świat, Wydawnictwo św. Stanisława BM, Kraków 2009, ss. 227.

Author(s): Filip Krauze / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2011

François Euvé, Darwin i chrześcijaństwo, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2010, ss. 193.

François Euvé, Darwin i chrześcijaństwo, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków 2010, ss. 193.

Author(s): Mirosław Twardowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2011

Ks. Jacek Froniewski, Teologia anamnezy eucharystycznej jako pamiątki uobecniającej ofiarę Chrystusa i jej implikacje ekumeniczne, Rozprawy naukowe 84, Papieski Wydział Teologiczny, Wrocław 2011, ss. 360.

Ks. Jacek Froniewski, Teologia anamnezy eucharystycznej jako pamiątki uobecniającej ofiarę Chrystusa i jej implikacje ekumeniczne, Rozprawy naukowe 84, Papieski Wydział Teologiczny, Wrocław 2011, ss. 360.

Author(s): Maciej Manikowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2011

Raport o stanie wiary w Polsce. Przewodniczący Konferencji Episkopatu Polski Arcybiskup Józef Michalik w rozmowie z Grzegorzem Górnym i Tomaszem P. Terlikowskim, Polskie Wydawnictwo Encyklopedyczne, Radom 2011, ss. 220.

Raport o stanie wiary w Polsce. Przewodniczący Konferencji Episkopatu Polski Arcybiskup Józef Michalik w rozmowie z Grzegorzem Górnym i Tomaszem P. Terlikowskim, Polskie Wydawnictwo Encyklopedyczne, Radom 2011, ss. 220.

Author(s): Adam Romejko / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2011