The Doctrine of the two Realities in the Literature

Doktrina o dvjema stvarnostima u nauci u književnosti

Author(s): Zdenko Škreb / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/1964

U ovom članku htio bih, na osnovu najnovije stručne literature, iznijeti neka svoja uvjerenja koja će, mislim, u svjetlu te literature iskočiti jasnije i preglednije. 1960. je u časopisu »Germanisch-romanische Monatsschrift« Herbert Mainuseh objavio članak Dichtung als Nachahmung. Ein Beitrag zum Verständnis der Renaissancepoetik. Po njegovu izlaganju, sva se poetika renesanse temelji na osnovnom pojmu Aristotelovu mimesis, lat. imitatiu. Tota in imitatione sita fuit, kaže Scaliger za umjetnost.

Reviews

Prikazi

Author(s): Viktor Žmegač,Frano Čale,Vladimir Vratović,Mate Zorić,Breda Kapetanić-Kogoj,Ante Stamać / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/1964

Arnold Hauzer: Socijalna istorija umetnosti i književnosti. Tom II, Kultura, Beograd 1962. Poetika humanizma i renesanse I-II, Prosveta, Beograd 1963. Reinhold Grimm: Strukturen. Essays zur deutschen Literatur, Sachse & Pohl Verlag, Göttingen 1963. Arnold Kettle: Engleski roman (An Introduction to the English Novel), Svjetlost, Sarajevo 1962. Nana Bogdanović: Futurizam Marinetija i Majakovskoga, Prosveta, Beograd 1968. A. Körte-P. Händel: Die hellenistische Dichtung. II, potp. prerađ. izd., Kröner Verlag, Stuttgart 1960. Marianne Kesting: Das epische Theater, Kohlhammer Verlag (Urban-Bücher, 36), Stuttgart 1959.

"The Rhythm and Poetic Experience"

"Ritam i pesnički doživljaj"

Author(s): Zdenko Škreb / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/1964

Naučni lik Dragiše Živkovića, sada redovnoga profesora za noviju srpsku književnost na Filozofskom fakultetu u Novom Sadu, jedan je od najkarakterističnijih profila u jugoslavenskoj nauci o književnosti: svestrana erudicija, poznavanje i praćenje suvremenoga zbivanja u književnosti i nauci o književnosti i u stranom svijetu, a pogotovu kod nas, ozbiljnost i svijest o naučnoj odgovornosti u vlastitom radu, sve to osnovano na nepatvorenoj ljubavi prema književnosti - tako bi se nekako taj naučni lik mogao definirati.

T. G. Ševčenko in Croatian Literature

T. G. Sevčenko u hrvatskoj književnosti

Author(s): Josip Badalić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/1964

U književnosti jugoslavenskih naroda počeo je Ševčenko prijevodima pojedinih pjesničkih radova ulaziti šezdesetih godina minulog stoljeća; prvi ga je počeo prevoditi mladi hrvatski pjesnik tih godina, a kasnije zaslužni hrvatski pjesnik i romanopisac - August Šenoa. Bilo je to godine 1863. kad je A. Šenoa boravio na pravnim studijama u Pragu i tamo se, u zajednici sa češkom i drugom slavenskom omladinom, oduševljavao za prvake slavenskih književnosti. Bile su to prve godine iza pada Bachova apsolutizma, pa je, prirodno, i taj povijesni datum povoljno djelovao na izgradnju svjetlijih vidika napose kod onih slavenskih naroda koji su čamili pod tuđinskom vlašću u bivšoj Austro-ugarskoj monarhiji.

English Contribution to the Theory of Novel

Engleski prilozi teoriji romana

Author(s): Miroslav Beker / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/1964

Opće je poznato da je roman najslabije definiran književni rod, i da je tu najteže pronaći neke čvrste kriterije pomoću kojih bismo mogli donositi sudove o karakteru romana i vrijednosti pojedinih djela. Kritičku nemoć u pogledu određivanja sadržaja romana zgodno je izrazio E. M. Forster svojom blijedom definicijom da je roman svako imaginativno prozno djelo koje ne sadrži manje od otprilike 50.000 riječi. No pored toga posljednjih decenija bilo je korisnih pokušaja da se u pristup romanu uvede neki red i stvore izvjesni kriteriji. Rasprave engleskih kritičara o romanu pobudile su široko zanimanje i izvan Engleske pa bismo zbog toga u ovom članku htjeli prikazati naljvažnije engleske studije te vrsti. Razmatrat ćemo ih redom kako su objavljene, što slučajno otprilike odgovara i poretku njihova značaja.

One Feature of Pushkin's Creative Process

Jedno obeležje Puškinova stvaralačkog postupka

Author(s): Jovan Janićijević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/1964

Iako dosad nije bilo predmet posebnog proučavanja, prikazivanje odsutnih likova ima osobit značaj u šaroIikom spletu složenih Puškinovih sredstava umetničkog oličavanja. Doduše, književnosti - koja je, u epskom i dramskom obliku, prvenstveno umetnost likova i odnosa među njima - posredno prikazivanje nikad nije bilo sasvim tuđe: u znatnom broju književnih dela pojedini likovi govorili su o drugim licima, ne samo ispoljavajući tako svoj način mišljenja i svoje stavove nego i dočaravajući čitaocu likove o kojima govore; ali niti su ti iskazi postajali osobit vid psihološke karakterizacije, niti su sticali onu raznolikost i bili onoliko prikladni svom predmetu kao u Puškinovu delu.

About Comparative Stylistic Analysis

O poredbenoj stilističkoj analizi

Author(s): Marja N. Morozova / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/1964

U posljednje je vrijeme ojačala pažnja prema proučavanju stila umjetničke književnosti. Pojačana pažnja prema pitanjima stilistike vodi prema širenju i bogaćenju načina i postupaka stilističkog istraživanja. Jedan je od tih načina poredbeno proučavanje stilova koje se već primjenjuje u različitim oblastima lingvistike.

Croatia: Strengthening the Rule of Law and Economic Competitiveness

Croatia: Strengthening the Rule of Law and Economic Competitiveness

Author(s): Mirjana Kasapović / Language(s): English / Issue: 02-03/2009

Abstract. Three events dominated Croatia’s foreign policy in 2007 and 2008: the accession to NATO, the election into the UN Security Council, and the negotiations on EU accession. Regional policy has been dominated by Croatia’s recognition of Kosovo’s independence and political disputes with Slovenia concerning the Adriatic Sea border. The most important national event was the parliamentary election of 2007. Macroeconomic stability has been maintained by the monetary policy of the Croatian National Bank (HNB). Domestic policy has been dominated by anti-corruption campaigns in government institutions, the universities, the national healthcare system, local governments and other institutions. Organized crime groups have become more active. The government has responded by enacting “anti-mafia” laws and measures, as well as by establishing new law-enforcement agencies to enable the institutions of the state to deal more efficiently with violence and crime.

Emma Lantschner / Joseph Marko / Antonija Petricusic (eds.), European Integration and Its Effects on Minority Protection in South East Europe

Emma Lantschner / Joseph Marko / Antonija Petricusic (eds.), European Integration and Its Effects on Minority Protection in South East Europe

Author(s): Arolda Elbasani / Language(s): English / Issue: 02-03/2009

Rıfat N. Bali, New Documents on Atatürk – Atatürk as Viewed Through the Eyes of American Diplomats

Rıfat N. Bali, New Documents on Atatürk – Atatürk as Viewed Through the Eyes of American Diplomats

Author(s): Stefan Ihrig / Language(s): German / Issue: 02-03/2009

Kosovo: Internationalized Democracy-Building

Kosovo: Internationalized Democracy-Building

Author(s): Ilir Deda / Language(s): English / Issue: 02-03/2009

Abstract. By taking stock of the situation in early 2009 and the preceding two years, the present article investigates the quality of democracy, market economy and political management in Kosovo. The article is based on ambitious concepts of “constitutional democracy”, “sustainable market economy” and “strategic management” that have been defined and operationalized to guide a biannual global expert survey of democracy and market economy conducted by the Bertelsmann Foundation. The democracy questions of this survey not only refer to free and fair elections, but also to the freedom of the media, the rule of law, the institutional, representative and cultural consolidation of democracy and the state framework of democratic rule. The quality of market economy is assessed by a set of questions that assess welfare, fairness, environmental and education policies in addition to the functioning of free markets and property rights. Finally, the questions on strategic management seek to evaluate whether and through what means political elites are able to develop state capacity, build broad societal support, use external advice and cooperate with neighbors and in international organizations.

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Will Europe Make Democracy Work?

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Will Europe Make Democracy Work?

Author(s): Denisa Sarajlić-Maglić / Language(s): English / Issue: 02-03/2009

Abstract. In terms of legal frameworks and institutional stability, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) can be said to fulfil the formal conditions for democracy. Yet BiH falls short on democratic substance. The country lacks active citizen participation, horizontal and vertical accountability, true freedom of the media, issue-driven public discourse, and political dialogue. The Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA) that BiH signed with the European Union (EU) on 16 June 2008 has been considered one of the most significant political developments since the signing of the Dayton Agreement in 1995. In spite of this positive development, the feeling that the status of democracy in BiH has substantially deteriorated since the 2006 elections remains prevalent. Furthermore, the political leadership has revived memories of past injustices in order to manipulate the public and win support for policies intended to maintain the status quo. Representatives of international organizations and states have increasingly seen the “disengagement” of the Office of the High Representative (OHR) in connection with a more enforced European integration reform agenda.

Vassil Vassilev, Nationalismus unterm Roten Stern. Vorgeschichte, Durchführung und Auswirkungen der Namensänderungskampagne 1984-89

Vassil Vassilev, Nationalismus unterm Roten Stern. Vorgeschichte, Durchführung und Auswirkungen der Namensänderungskampagne 1984-89

Author(s): Michael Hein / Language(s): German / Issue: 02-03/2009

Andreas Veres, Slowenien – Ein Grenzland mit Vorbildfunktion

Andreas Veres, Slowenien – Ein Grenzland mit Vorbildfunktion

Author(s): Sabine Rutar / Language(s): German / Issue: 02-03/2009

Serbia: Reforms under Stress

Serbia: Reforms under Stress

Author(s): Gordana Brusis / Language(s): English / Issue: 02-03/2009

Abstract. This article investigates the quality of democracy, market economy and political management in Serbia, based upon the situation in 2007-2009. It is argued that Serbia has made impressive progress in democratic and economic reforms since the end of the Milošević regime. The government and all major political actors opposed Kosovo’s declaration of independence in February 2008, but have respected international law and largely used diplomatic means to promote their position. The global economic crisis has exacerbated existing social divisions and is likely to weaken the societal basis of support for liberal, pro-European parties in the future. These developments have increased the stress under which the ruling political elites have to implement adjustment and reform measures while ensuring the acceptance of reforms in society.

Bulgaria: European Union Membership and Democratic (Un-)Accountability

Bulgaria: European Union Membership and Democratic (Un-)Accountability

Author(s): Boyan Zahariev,Elitsa Markova / Language(s): English / Issue: 02-03/2009

Abstract. This article is based on the Bulgarian country report of the Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) 2010. Generally, we follow the structure of the BTI country report. Thus, we focus on the domains of democracy, the functioning of the market economy and the management of the state. In some cases, however, we have merged together or omitted less important sections of these domains. Our main conclusion is that the pace at which Bulgaria is catching up with the EU standards in all domains – the functioning of democratic institutions, the market, social safety nets and overall governance – has slowed down in spite of the country’s accession to the EU in 01 January 2007. While we present the evidence of this slow-down as seen through the lens of the standard BTI indicators, we have also tried to explain why this slow-down has occurred.

Macedonia: Challenges of Interethnic Powersharing and Integration

Macedonia: Challenges of Interethnic Powersharing and Integration

Author(s): Zhidas Daskalovski / Language(s): English / Issue: 02-03/2009

Abstract. Contrary to other successor states of the former Yugoslavia, Macedonia has achieved independent statehood and democratic consolidation without major warfare. Macedonia’s reforms have been focused simultaneously on state building as well as legal and economic reform. Macedonian political elites have established practices of interethnic power sharing but are now faced with the challenges of Euro-Atlantic integration and the Greek objections to their country’s name. Macedonia was not invited to join NATO at the Bucharest Summit in April 2008. Athens insists that Macedonia must add a “qualifier” to its name in order to differentiate the country from the northern province of Greece bearing the same name. At the snap elections held in June 2008, the conservative Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party of Macedonian Unity (VMRO-DPMNE) single-handedly won more than half of the seats in parliament – 63 out of 120 deputies, and formed a new coalition with the strongest ethnic Albanian party, the Democratic Union of Integration (DUI).

Romania: New Membership and Old Habits?

Romania: New Membership and Old Habits?

Author(s): Wim van Meurs / Language(s): English / Issue: 02-03/2009

Abstract. Political developments in Romania as well as the resulting deficits in transition management since EU accession raise a number of fundamental but difficult questions. Should Romania’s “old habits” be thought of as a Huntingtonian blend of the country’s pre-communist political institutions and political culture mixed with “Ceauşescuism”, that is, Romania’s exceptional type of state socialism, sometimes dubbed “sultanism”? Or should these “old habits” actually be explained in terms of an event as recent as Romania’s EU accession process – and thus be seen as a sort of “post-accession syndrome”? Or should at least some part of the supposed Romanian or Balkan exceptionalism, to which Romania’s “old habits” are often attributed, be viewed in comparison with recent trends in the political culture – that is, the democratic attitudes of the citizens and the informal rules of the political process – in West European polities? Questioning path-dependencies cannot alleviate the problems caused by the obvious flaws in Romania’s political process, but thinking through negative pan-European trends does imply rethinking stereotypes about the Balkans.

Russia: Bear’s Brew

Russia: Bear’s Brew

Author(s): Galina Stolyarova / Language(s): English / Issue: 07/03/2007

Keywords: vodka; beer; Russian brewers; Classicheskoye beer; Camerons brewery; European market; Baltika; Heineken; Russian beer

Russian beer is taking a larger share of the drinks market at home and abroad, and one brewery in particular has plans for European domination.

Czech Republic: Hip, Hot, and Proud to be Roma

Czech Republic: Hip, Hot, and Proud to be Roma

Author(s): Alexandra L. Woodruff / Language(s): English / Issue: 07/03/2007

Keywords: Radoslav Banga; Gipsy.cz; Romani ethnic minority; Roma rappers; Gipsy; Romano Hip Hop

Rappers from a Czech minority gain majority appeal with a fusion of sounds and introspective lyrics.