The Resurecction of Károly Pap

Pap Károly feltámadása

Author(s): János Kőbányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2011

„Már az éjszaka volt valami jel: három órakor fel kellett kelnem, s írtam egy kis cikket a Pap Károly új novellás könyvérôl. (A könyv elragadott, s Pap Károlyt a legkülönb magyar zsidó írónak tekintem. Már régen, de ez az új könyve megerôsített ebben a hitemben. Ez egy igen nagy író, s csodálatos, mennyire nem bír érvényesülni. A fajtája nem akar nagy írót, hanem nagy hízelgôt. De meg vagyok gyôzôdve felôle, hogy ha összeköttetést tud kapni a világirodalom nagy zsidóival, akkor világszerte híres író és gazdag ember lesz belôle. A zsidóságnak a mazochista rétege fogja felfedezni.)” Ezeket a sorokat Móricz Zsigmond írta a naplójába 1936-ban. Az odavetett feljegyzés minden szava lényegbevágó. Kora és az egyetemes magyar irodalom egyik legnagyobb prózaírója egyszerre minôsítette Pap Károlyt nagy írónak és zsidó írónak – s ez nála nem esztétikai vagy szociológiai különbségtevés, hanem magától értetôdô, természetes megállapítás: a jelenség hangsúlyos néven nevezése. Hátterében az áll, hogy ô már egy másik zsidó író, Komor András Fischmann S. utódai címû regénye kapcsán írt egy szintén lelkesen befogadó cikket, amelyben kifejtette, hogy a zsidó íróknak nem a keresztény társadalomábrázolás utánzásával kellene foglalkozniuk – amelyet nem vagy csak felületesen ismernek –, hanem épp ellenkezôleg: a zsidó világot lenne tanácsos az irodalom közegébe be- és felemelniük – éppen azért, mert azt ismerik anyanyelvi szinten, hiszen az a sajátjuk. A keresztény társadalmat pedig zsidó szemszögükbôl lenne érdemes ábrázolniuk – ahogy ôk látják azt, illetve magát a viszonyt, amit a velük való együttélés jelent.

Reader’s Diary

Olvasónapló

Author(s): János Kőbányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2011

Kövér György: A tiszaeszlári dráma, Osiris, 2011. Borgos Anna – Szilágyi Judit: Nôírók és írónôk. Irodalmi és nôi szerepek a Nyugatban (Noran Könyvesház, 2011) Tanulmányok a holokausztról V. (Szerk.: Randolph L. Braham, Balassi Kiadó, 2011) Konrád György: Zsidókról. Európa, 2010

1967 (period novella)

1967 (kornovella)

Author(s): János Kőbányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2011

„Néha furcsa hangulatban / Az utcát járom egymagamban, / Nincsen semmihez se kedvem, / De érzem azt, hogy nincs ez rendben így” – énekel benne, már tôle függetlenedve a furcsa, szomorkás, de ugyanakkor vigasztalóan elringató dalocska, amit aznapi dúdolgatásra munkába indulás elôtt a rádióból csípett fel s a délelôtti tánczenei koktélban is megismételtek. Az Adócsôgyár mûszakirajz-szerkesztôirodájában többszöri tiltás, fômérnöki dörgedelmek, a tiszta, világos munkahelyrôl eltávolítás kilátásba helyezése ellenére is, lázadó makacssággal megszólal minden szerdán délelôtt tíz negyvenötkor Komjáthy György mûsora a bejárati ajtó szárnyai felett elhelyezett hangszóróból, amely a gyár összes dolgozóját érintô közleményeket teszi közhírré, vagy az olyan országos érdeklôdésre számot tartó eseményeket, mint a Szovjetunió Kommunista Pártja vagy a Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt kongresszusainak záró nyilatkozatai, avagy, alig egy hónapja – nem minden meghökkentô hatás nélkül, hiszen olyan távol történt, s miért éppen ezt, hiszen annyi dúl belôle – a késôbb hatnaposnak nevezett háború elsô napjainak hadijelentéseit. A tizenöt rajzasztal jó részén fiatal, technikumból frissen kikerült szerkesztôk dolgoznak, többségükben fiúk, akik – mintegy az iskolai és a munkahelyi fegyelem közötti mezsgye lépésrôl lépésre történô kiszélesítéseként – óvatosan nyakba ereszkedô hajat s szintén lefelé merészkedô-szélesedô barkót viselnek, a mûsor szignáljának fölhangzásakor összeesküvô mosollyal a bajszuk alatt, szemükkel a hasonló korú lányokat keresve, a lemezlovas kötelezô szószát követô isteni muzsika ritmusait megelôlegezendô, kezdik jobbra-balra dobálni a fejüket.

Old-New Antisemitismus in Hungary in the Light of the Second Intifada (essay)

Régi-új antiszemitizmus Magyarországon a második intifáda tükrében (esszé)

Author(s): János Kőbányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2011

Minden országnak ahogyan megvan a maga sajátos nyelve, története, kultúrája, úgy a mindezekhez szervesen hozzátartozó, szintén csak a rá jellemzôen sajátos viszonya a zsidókhoz, s így az antiszemitizmushoz is. Minden újabb, a zsidósággal kapcsolatos esemény e régi hagyományra épül rá, s ebbôl vált ki friss reakciókat. Az úgynevezett európai „új antiszemitizmus” feltámadását nem a jelenlegi izraeli–palesztin konfliktus eseményei idézik elô, hanem az a mélyebb (a holokausztban már egyszer igazi arcát leleplezô), ezeréves európai– zsidó konfliktus – ama régi – talált benne alkalmat és ürügyet, hogy ismét feltámadjon. Alig leplezett vágy, hogy az izraelieket (a zsidókat) ugyanolyannak lássák, mint az európaiak kénytelen- kelletlen saját magukat: a holokauszt elkövetôinek. Hiszen az a narratíva is egyre nehezebben tartható tovább, hogy holokauszthoz csak a németeknek lenne közük – épp ellenkezôleg: világosodik ki lassan a kép – szinte az egész Nyugatés Kelet-Európát egyesítô közös tett volt.

Homecoming (Interview with Ágnes Heller – the second seven years, or complementary interview and additional book chapter to the new edition

Hazatérés (Interjú Heller Ágnessel – A második hét év, avagy kiegészítô interjú, regényfejezet a Biciklizô majom újabb kiadásához)

Author(s): Ágnes Heller / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2011

Homecoming (Interview with Ágnes Heller – the second seven years, or complementary interview and additional book chapter to the new edition of Biciklizô majom)

The Cold Place Left Behind by the Expelled Jews

A kiszántott falusi zsidók hûlt helye

Author(s): Péter György,János Kőbányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2011

A falusi zsidók kiszántásával megürült hely betöltésének végzetes történetébôl, cigányok és zsidók eltérô szerepébôl, s kitaszíttatásuk eltérô okaiból eredô tanulságok levonását nem lehet megspórolni. A magyar falu (vidék) pusztulásának ugyanis, amelynek szimptómáival most szembesülünk, itt van az igazi gyökere – állítja Kôbányai János.

SOME EFFECTS OF TRADE LIBERALISATION ON CAMEROONIAN MANUFACTURING EXPORT PERFORMANCE

SOME EFFECTS OF TRADE LIBERALISATION ON CAMEROONIAN MANUFACTURING EXPORT PERFORMANCE

Author(s): Henry Bezuidenhout,Ewert. P.J. Kleynhans,Waldo Krugell,Bernard Bongsha / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: Trade liberalisation; manufacturing; gravity model; strategic policy; and Industrial policy.

This study investigates the effect that trade liberalisation had on the export of manufactured goods in Cameroon. The study estimated the effects this liberalisation had on the determinants of exports of manufactured commodities and its influence on the country’s economy, using an augmented gravity model. The model revealed that the effect of exchange rate appreciation on the export of manufactured goods was less than it was before trade liberalisation, though still positive. After liberalisation, manufactured exports reacted positively following increased imports of intermediate goods and a lowering of tariffs; but it was restricted by higher production capacity. Further investigation indicates that the exports of manufactured goods were stimulated by the liberalisation of trade, although manufacturing growth was still dampened. The effect of the local economy’s size became more important, while the influence from foreign GDP declined. Membership of regional trade agreements became negative, which was unexpected. Distance became more important, and the effect of tariffs declined; though still negative. It was found that international trade liberalisation by Cameroon mostly benefited its manufacturing sector, improving its ability to export and to create jobs.

ANALYSIS OF THE FINAL OBJECTIVES OF MONETARY POLICY. THE CASE OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

ANALYSIS OF THE FINAL OBJECTIVES OF MONETARY POLICY. THE CASE OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Author(s): Iulian Vasile Popescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: DSGE models; Taylor rules; monetary policy; Bayesian estimation; Central and Eastern Europe.

This paper aims to identify the prioritization of monetary policy final objectives promoted by central banks (CBs) in Central and Eastern Europe that use a strategy of inflation targeting. The analysis is built to determine the behavior of the monetary authorities in the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania and Hungary relative to the short-term nominal interest rate setting based on the estimation of an extended Taylor-type monetary policy rule, which additionally includes the exchange rate and a set of variables aimed at exploring the interactions between the monetary policy and financial stability. The modeling is performed in the context of a semi-structural dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with implicit micro foundations. The main results revealed a strong orientation of the selected monetary authorities geared towards their fundamental objective of ensuring and maintaining price stability, but in parallel, towards stabilizing the exchange rate and the real economic activity, as well as the existence of moderate guidelines of limiting, through the monetary policy, the uncontrolled expansion of private credit and the formation of a real estate prices bubbles (leaning against the wind).

IMPACT OF FOOD IMPORT TARRIF DECREASE IN INDONESIA

IMPACT OF FOOD IMPORT TARRIF DECREASE IN INDONESIA

Author(s): Nuhfil Hanani,Ratya Anindita,Mardiyah Hayati,Djoko Koestiono / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: import tariff; food security; welfare; CGE.

The research aimed to estimate the impact of agricultural trade reform under WTO on the welfare and food security in Indonesia. The analysis of the research data was conducted by using CGE/MPSGE model based on SAM (Social Accounting Matrix) data and input-output table of Indonesia in year 2008. The results showed that the decrease and removal of food import tariff would increase income and welfare of all household classes. Removal and decrease of tariff also increased the output of several commodities, i.e. paddy, nut, corn, as well as other commodities, and also the commodities in the mining sector. However, on the other hand, the tariff decrease and removal also decreased the output of industrial sector, either in the agricuture industry, or in other industrial sectors. The tariff removal and decrease also impacted the service sector in term of the decreasing output. This research concluded that the trade reform will weaken food security in Indonesia because the increase on food crop output has not been able to increase food export yet, and it will in the contrary increase the food import (e.g. paddy, nuts, and corn).

VOLUNTARY TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG IT EMPLOYEES IN HI-TECH COMPANIES IN ISRAEL: INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL RELATED CAUSES

VOLUNTARY TURNOVER INTENTION AMONG IT EMPLOYEES IN HI-TECH COMPANIES IN ISRAEL: INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL RELATED CAUSES

Author(s): Limor Kessler Ladelsky / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: voluntary turnover intention; IT sector employees; personal resources; individual causes; organizational causes.

This paper focuses on individual and organizational related causes of voluntary turnover intention in the IT sector in Israel. Specifically, it takes into account employees' personal resources (such as education), organizational focus on employees' needs fulfillment and organizational focus on values. The sample consists of 170 employees from High-Tech companies in Israel. The findings show that in the companies focusing on organizational values there is less voluntary turnover intention, especially of the best IT employees (with more personal resources), in comparison with IT companies focusing on employees' needs fulfillment.

On the priority of connotative over denotative meanings in Polish diminutives

On the priority of connotative over denotative meanings in Polish diminutives

Author(s): Paulina Biały / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2013

Keywords: diminutive; polysemy; connotative meaning; denotative meaning; metaphorisation; metonymic transfer

This paper undertakes an analysis of the connotative meanings of Polish diminutives excerpted from different types of literary texts including children’s stories as well as dramas, stories and poems addressed at adult readers. The author attempts to demonstrate that in the above-mentioned texts connotative meanings are more frequent than denotative ones. At the outset, some theoretical aspects of diminutive meanings are discussed. Firstly, the prototypical meanings of the diminutive are presented. Further on, the notion of polysemy is clarified, and the classification of diminutive meanings on the basis of Taylor’s (1995) work is given. It is followed by Jurafsky’s (1996) proposal of a universal structure for the semantics of the diminutive and Heltberg’s (1964) classification of diminutives into three types. In the main part of the paper, the meanings of Polish diminutives found in the texts are analysed, focusing on connotative meanings.

Augmentative and evaluative morphemes super(-), ekstra(-), mega(-) and hiper(-) in Polish – a corpus-based analysis

Augmentative and evaluative morphemes super(-), ekstra(-), mega(-) and hiper(-) in Polish – a corpus-based analysis

Author(s): Joanna Pakuła-Borowiec / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2013

Keywords: neoclassical morphemes; language fashion; quantitative analysis; qualitative analysis; productivity; corpus

This paper provides an analysis of four neoclassical morphemes super, ekstra, mega and hiper, both as prefixes and as free lexical items, in contemporary Polish as represented in the Polish National Corpus. The collected data containing instances of the morphemes have been analysed so as to define their syntactic functions and to obtain quantitative results, i.e., to determine the exact number of instances of the morphemes occurring as free lexical items and as bound morphemes followed by a hyphen as well as integral unhyphenated morphemes. Another aim of the study has been a quantitative analysis of the data, i.e., to record all the instances of the use of the morphemes, including rare uses. The semantic analysis has been aimed to assign the exact meaning to each occurrence of the morphemes and to make general conclusions concerning the frequencies. Still another purpose has been to measure the morphological productivity of the bound morphemes (prefixes) in question based on Baayen’s (1992: 109–149) measure of productivity and Bauer’s (2001) measure of the profitability of a morphological process. The results of the present study contribute to a better understanding of recent phenomena in contemporary Polish.

Marcin Paszkowski’s Polish and Turkish dictionary (1615)

Marcin Paszkowski’s Polish and Turkish dictionary (1615)

Author(s): Marek Stachowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2013

Keywords: history of lexicography; dictionaries; Polish language; Ottoman Turkish language; transcription texts

Only Polish words from Marcin Paszkowski’s “Dictionary” have been published up to now while their Turkish equivalents have never been edited although two scholars (Ananiasz Zajączkowski 1938 and Stanisław Stachowski 1989) intended to do so. In this article the reasons for this situation are discussed and explained, as well as a solution is suggested as to how the source can be useful

The New Paradigm for Financial Markets: The Credit Crisis of 2008 and What It Means. By George Soros

The New Paradigm for Financial Markets: The Credit Crisis of 2008 and What It Means. By George Soros

Author(s): Tomáš Dudáš / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2008

Democratizing the Western Balkans: Challenges and Burdens for the European Union

Democratizing the Western Balkans: Challenges and Burdens for the European Union

Author(s): Geoffrey Pridham / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2008

Keywords: EU; conditionality; Western Balkans

The European Union faces unprecedented difficulties in its integration of the Western Balkans. In particular, this applies to the requirements for political change by countries in that region wishing to join. In confronting the Western Balkans, the EU’s political conditionality has moved significantly beyond its demands made on the post-Communist entrants of 2004 and 2007. But serious questions are now being asked about the EU’s capacity for promoting such political change in a region still facing fundamental problems and persistent historical legacies. Brussels is encountering real difficulties in dealing on the one hand with a fragile political will in these countries for instigating meaningful change while on the other being constrained by ‘enlargement fatigue’ among member states. Both uncertainties – about the prospects for European modernization and about the commitment to further accession – mean that the dynamic behind enlargement to the Western Balkans is not very comparable with the historic drive that impelled the enlargement of 2004 to East-Central Europe. At the same time, rather in conflict with this complicated process are strong and longer-term geopolitical arguments that stabilizing the Western Balkans dictates integrating this region into the European mainstream.

Assisting the Painful Process of Coming to Terms with the Past

Assisting the Painful Process of Coming to Terms with the Past

Author(s): Július Lőrincz / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2008

Keywords: Slovakia; Hungary; Western Balkans

The Slovak development assistance to the Western Balkans has a tradition that emerged in the 90s of the previous century and its efficiency, mainly when in comes to Serbia, was at that time deepened also by the example of a quite successful struggle of the Slovak democratic forces for the face of the society and its integration into the EU and NATO. Slovakia’s relation to the Balkans has become one of the basic pillars of the strategy of the Slovak foreign policy and in fact all Slovak governments since the country’s independence in 1993 have followed this line. An important element of this policy was the emergence of the Bratislava process in 1999 as a platform of unification of the Serbian opposition and struggle for Serbia’s democratization. A great and a very efficient component of this policy is the Bratislava-Belgrade Fund that has funded 65 assistance projects. In the next period an opportunity has arisen to merge the forces of assistance to the Western Balkans in its stabilization and integration into Euro-Atlantic structures. It would be suitable to involve mainly the efforts of Slovakia and Hungary, who directly neighbor the Western Balkan states, and whose orientation belongs to the strategic priorities of Hungarian foreign policy as well. Different approaches of these two countries to certain issues, such as the recognition of Kosovo’s independence, should not become an obstacle to their cooperation in the region.

Czech Foreign Policy in 2007. An IIR Analysis

Česká zahraniční politika v roce 2007. Analýza ÚMV

Author(s): Juraj Marušiak / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2008

The Hungarian Government’s Western Balkan Policies since the 2006 Elections

The Hungarian Government’s Western Balkan Policies since the 2006 Elections

Author(s): Imre Szilágyi / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2008

Keywords: Hingary; Western Balkans; Euro-Atlantic integration;

The author argues that during the period of the second Gyurcsány-government Hungary continued its previous policies vis-à-vis the Western Balkans and managed to preserve good relations with all of the countries of the region. He reflects on the government’s policies with respect to the entire Western Balkans - more precisely the countries of the former Yugoslavia, except Slovenia – as well as its guiding principles and activities supporting the Euro-Atlantic integration of the region; policies vis-à-vis the individual countries; efforts to improve the situation of the minorities and the enhancement of the Hungarian economic role in the region. He concludes that due to the fact that the greatest aspiration of Western Balkan countries is to join the Euro-Atlantic integration processes and because Hungary – as an EU and NATO member state – is an important partner country in regional relations will ostensibly become more dynamic in the years to come.

Slovak Foreign Policy towards the Western Balkans: Potemkin Villages

Slovak Foreign Policy towards the Western Balkans: Potemkin Villages

Author(s): Milan Šagát / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2008

Keywords: Slovakia; Western Balkans

“Slovak Foreign Policy towards the Western Balkans: Potemkin villages” is a short analysis of Slovak foreign policy towards the Western Balkans in 2006 and 2007. The text stresses that not much has changed in terms of Slovakia modus operandi in and with the region. The main issue within this period is Kosovo which profoundly contested the nature of Slovak foreign policy, and its coherence with the European one. The biggest change after 2006 is visible with regard to the values which are promoted in the execution of Slovakian foreign policy. After 2006, the pursuit of Slovak economic interests prevailed also in regards to the Western Balkan, but with limited outcomes. The region, moreover, is one of many foreign policy priorities after 2006 and not the most important. After 2006 we can also observe increased influence of the domestic politics on the foreign policy towards the Western Balkans which remains predominantly focused on Serbia.

The Hungarian Republic and the Western Balkans: A Short Comparison of Perspectives and Opportunities for Hungarian and Slovak Policies

The Hungarian Republic and the Western Balkans: A Short Comparison of Perspectives and Opportunities for Hungarian and Slovak Policies

Author(s): Iván Halász / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2008

Keywords: Hungary; Slovakia; the Western Balkans;

This study deals in its first part with the approach of Hungarian foreign policy in general to problems of the Western Balkans after 1990. It describes the policy of Budapest at the time of the so-called Yugoslav war and then the participation of the Republic of Hungary in the peace settlement and solutions in the aftermath of the crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This part is followed by a presentation of the relation of Hungarian foreign policy to Kosovo and to the problem of its declaration of independence especially. The next part of the article compares the starting points, goals and perspectives of foreign policies of the Republic of Hungary and the Slovak Republic in the Western Balkans and looks for areas where the positions of both countries find the biggest concurrence. Despite important differences - for example the issue of Kosovo’s independence and collective rights of national communities - Bratislava and Budapest have a lot in common – both countries actively support stabilization of the statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the idea of acceleration of Serbia’s eurointegration process. On the issue of Kosovo there is still a considerable phase shift between the two countries, it can however potentially encourage both countries to participate in a more intense and mutually benefitial cooperation.