Jesus Christ - word, parable, event

Isus Krist – riječ, parabola, događaj

Author(s): Jadranka Brnčić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 39/2013

Strukturalisti kažu da parabole dolaze k nama kao citati unutar teksta evanđelja. To znači da je “govornik” koji kazuje parabolu ujedno i “lik” globalne priče. Parabola je, dakle, imputirana svom govorniku kao onome o kome priča drugoga reda (koja je, ustvari, “prva priča”) govori. Ovakva identifi kacija govornika – koja nam omogućuje da o parabolama govorimo kao o parabolama – stoga je raskrš će dvaju procesa. Jedinstvenost govornika označena je jedinstvenoš ću njegove vizije stvarnosti, a takva vizija stvarnosti implicira dvostruku referenciju – referenciju unatrag na modus bivanja i referenciju unaprijed na govornika koji sebe izražava posredstvom neizravne ispovijesti. Ili riječima strukturalista: govornik je onaj tko “daje” priču u određenoj narativnoj komunikaciji. Jedinstveni govornik pred nama, posredstvom metafori čke priče, razvija jedinstveni modus bivanja. On što nam omogućuje imenovati govornika parabola i nazvati ga “Isusom” jest spoj “lika” evanđelja kao priče i “donatora” parabole kao citata evanđelja. “Lik” evanđeljske priče je i “donator” parabola kao sekundarnih priča te teži postati neizravnim referentom parabole kao metafore.

Articles in "Vienac" in time about the Austro-Hungarian entry in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878.

Prilozi u “Viencu” u doba oko austro-ugarskog ulaska u Bosnu i Hercegovinu 1878.

Author(s): Ivan Pederin / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 39/2013

Franz Josef bereiste Dalmatien 1875. in Imotski lud er zum Frühstück den Franziskanerpater Pasko Buconjić ein und sprach mit ihm. Bald darauf brach in der Hercegovina der Aufstand der Kroaten gegen die Osmanenherschaft aus. Die Aufständischen führte der Pfarrer von Ravno HH Ivan Musić an. Ein Jahr später trat Franz Josef mit dem russischen Imperator im Jagdschloß Reichstadt in Siebenbürgen zusammen. Dann wurde der Berliner Kongreß einberufen und dieser sprach Franz Josef das Recht der “Okkupation” dieses osmanischenVilajets zu und dazu auch die Souveränität über Montenegro und Serbien. Montenegro war übrigens seit 1872. österreichisch-ungarisches Protektorat. Darauf zog die Hohe Pforte ihre Streitkräfte aus diesem Vilajet ab und zwei Heere marschierten nach Bosnien bzw. der Hercegovina ein und befreiten diese Länder unter Jubelrufen der christlichen Bevölkerung. Die Division, die Bosnien befreite führte der Feldmarschall-Lieutenant Josip Filipović Freiherr von Philippsberg an, und die Division, die in die Herzegovina eindrang, der Feldmarschall-Lieutenant Freiherr Stjepan Jovanović. Ihre Männer wurden im Königreich Dalmatien und im Königreich Kroatien-Slavonien mobilisiert. Die führende kroatische Literaturzeitschrift “Vienac” verfolgfte freudig den Vormarsch “unserer Trupen” in Bosnien und der Herzegovina. Sie schrieben aber mit Staunen und Entrüstung über den Widerstand, den die muslimische Bevökerung dieser Länder unseren Trupen leisteten. Sie konnten nicht begreifen, wie konnten diese Kroaten muslimischen Glaubens gegen unsere Truppen ankämpfen. Im übrigen waren kroatische Schriftsteller über die Beschlüsse des Berliner Kongresses und des Hofes so gut wie nicht unterrichtet und hatten kaum noch Kenntnisse über den Islam, was ihre Beziehungen zu den Muslimen erschwerte. Ganz anders handelte der Hof und das K. K. Heer. Diese zogen Einkünfte über den Islam und das Osmanenreich vor dem Einmarsch ein und konnten gute und dauerhafte Beziehungen zu den Muslimen anknüpfen.

Fra Ilija Starcevic and Bosnia and Herzegovina's Education

Fra Ilija Starčević i bosanskohercegovačko školstvo

Author(s): Mato Nedić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 39/2013

Keywords: škola; poučavanje; pučko školstvo; nastavni plan i program; Bosna; franjevci; Tolisa

U radu se promatra uloga fra Ilije Starčevića, osnivača prve pučke škole u Bosni i Hercegovini (Tolisa, 1823.), u razvoju bosanskohercegovačkoga školstva. Propituju se povijesni podatci te se nastoji pronaći potvrdu tvrdnji da je škola koju je Starčević u Tolisi otvorio zaista bila prva pučka škola u Bosni i Hercegovini. Također se nastoji razriješiti određene prijepore vezane uz godinu nastanka ove škole te pojasniti pojam škole, napose pučke škole. Rad donosi i preglednu kronologiju života fra Ilije Starčevića, kao i opis vanjskoga i unutarnjega izgleda prve pučke škole koju je otvorio Starčević. Također se ukazuje na njegova, ali i nastojanja drugih franjevaca koji su djelovali u prvoj polovini 19. stoljeća da se školstvo u tadašnjoj Bosni ukorijeni i institucionalizira.

Think tanks

Think tanki

Author(s): Michał Mierzwa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 12/2011

Keywords: Poland; Think tanks

This article focuses on the issue of think tanks in Poland. Think tanks are organizations engaged in research, analysis and advisory activities on the domestic and international issues. They influence the policy makers and the public. Think tanks deserve attention because they contribute to the functioning of democracy. Their methods and approach, however, also carry some risk.

The Other Austrians

The Other Austrians

Author(s): Tamara Ehs / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Austrian School; Economic crisis; Ferdinand Degenfeld-Schonburg; First Republic of Austria; Hans Mayer; Interwar Vienna; Ludwig Mises; Othmar Spann; Political Economy; Law Faculty of the University of Vienna.

Some observers of the recent economic crisis compare it to the Great Depression of the 1930s and discuss interwar ideas bearing on these questions such as those of “the Austrians”. There is a lively treatment of Ludwig Mises and his pupils but the other Austrian discourse of this time is neglected, that of the three full professors of political economy at the law faculty of the University of Vienna: Othmar Spann, Hans Mayer and Ferdinand Degenfeld-Schonburg – “the Other Austrians”. This paper calls them to mind and gives an insight into their stances on the economic crisis.

Some Remarks on ius vitae ac necis and ius exponendi

Some Remarks on ius vitae ac necis and ius exponendi

Author(s): Tamás Nótári / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: patria potestas; ius vitae ac necis; ius exponendi.

A Roman pater familias was entitled to the following positive rights: ius vitae ac necis, ius exponendi, ius vendendi and ius noxae dedendi. What follows is an in-depth analysis of the changes in ius vitae ac necis and ius exponendi. Ius vitae ac necis denotes right of disposal over the life and death of a filius/filia familias, while ius exponendi the right to expose newborn infants. Exposing a child often contained its death or wilful murder; e.g., in case of a deformed child when the aim was to get the family or the community rid of prodigium representing ill luck. Therefore, it seems to be more proper to discuss the rights a father had against newborn infants—no matter if they applied to killing or only exposing the child—as part of ius exponendi since killing or exposing children was several times limited and sanctioned in a single imperial decree. Originally, ius vitae ac necis was sacral and punitive law power. Its sacral character came to the front when killing a deformed child since this right is the component of the father’s power over his newborn infant, and this will be discussed under the heading ius exponendi; its punitive law aspect will become obvious when it is used against an adult child. This paper, first, intends to describe changes in ius vitae ac necis, and dwell on the restrictions and rules of procedure of exercising it (I.). After that, changes in ius exponendi will be followed up, with special regard to the regulation of the legal status of the exposed child (II.).

Justices of the Peace in the Judicial Reform of Tsar Alexander II.

Justices of the Peace in the Judicial Reform of Tsar Alexander II.

Author(s): Katarína Fedorová / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Russia; Judicial Reform; Alexander II.

The article deals with the creation, organization and action of the justices of the peace, established by the judicial reform of the Russian tsar Alexander II. Justices of the peace adjudged minor criminal and civil legal disputes between citizens in proceedings specifically modified for the conciliation with the fundamental acts of the judicial reform of 1864: the Court Establishment Act, the Criminal Process Act, the Civil Process Act and the Law establishing penalties, imposed by the conciliation courts. Despite the undoubted successes in deciding legal cases, hostility of the executive power led in 1889 to abolition of the justices of the peace.

Legal regulation of the launch and the organization of games of the circus in ancient Rome to the Principate

Juristische Regelung der Einführung und der Organisation der Zirkusspiele im alten Rom bis zur Prinzipatszeit

Author(s): Magdolna Gedeon / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Roman law; Circus games; Votum; Votive games; Aediles

In the ancient Roman sources we can find many legal rules relating to the organization of the circus games. In the regal period the king himself initiated and organised the new games in veneration of the gods. The ludi votivi and the ludi publici were established during the Republic. The organization of these games were the duty of the consuls and the aediles.

Influence of Roman Law on the Law of Obligations according to ABGB – the Comparison of Selected Contract Types

Influence of Roman Law on the Law of Obligations according to ABGB – the Comparison of Selected Contract Types

Author(s): Miroslav Frýdek / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: The article analyses an influence of Roman Law on modern civil law codifications. A Roman classification is studied in details. The present paper compares an influence of selected Roman law institutes on law of obligation according to ABGB.

Roman Law; ABGB; mutuum; emptio-venditio; iuris vinculum.

The Internal Organization and Supervision as Vital Issues in Post-War County Administration in Poland

The Internal Organization and Supervision as Vital Issues in Post-War County Administration in Poland

Author(s): Kamila Kędzierska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: administration; history; Krakow County; postwar Poland.

In the article the matters of internal organization and supervision issues in post-war county administration in Poland are discussed on the example of Krakow County. In the first part statutes that dealt with the practical matters such as mail circulation, storing and marking the official documents are discussed. Author underlines their importance in relation to functioning of administrative offices. Next the matter of the provisions concerning handling of confidential correspondence such as internal order of the Krakow starosta issued on April 17th 1945 is discussed. The second part of the article is focused on the supervision and approval of developed documents. Author points out that internal decree number 15 issued on 26th of March 1945 was the first regulation about internal supervision. In this decree matters such as time schedules for delivering of official documents and meetings with starosta were regulated. Author’s conclusion is that provisions, that today seem natural for administration, were introduced to the newly created administration, which did not exist during the war and occupation, therefore they were crucial for the proper functioning of the county office.

Entitlement of Female Descendants to Property of Croatian Communal Household

Entitlement of Female Descendants to Property of Croatian Communal Household

Author(s): Mirela Krešić / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: communal household; female descendants; household division; inheritance; trousseau or dowry; the General Civil Code; the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia.

The paper analyses provisions of the three legal acts on communal households which had regulated the entitlement of female descendants to communal household property. Those are the rights which the female descendants practiced in the course of division of a communal household and inheritance, as well as the right to trousseau or dowry. Furthermore, the social and economic frameworks are explained for the passing and validity of communal household laws, which had marked the second half of the 19th century, and the beginning of the 20th century in the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia. Of particular concern is the status of communal household legislation within Croatian legal system, which was based on the General Civil Code after the abolition of feudalism in 1848.

The Development of Private Law throughout the Czech Territory - Introduction

Die Entwicklung des Privatrechts auf dem Gebiet der böhmischen Länder - Geleitwort

Author(s): Ladislav Vojáček / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Czech private law;

“Creditor rem sibi oppignoratam a debitore emere non potest” (Brev. IP. 2, 12, 6)

“Creditor rem sibi oppignoratam a debitore emere non potest” (Brev. IP. 2, 12, 6)

Author(s): Magdolna Szűcs / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: postclassical Roman Law; pledge; lex commissoria; purchase of the pledge; Lex Romana Visigothorum.

In the Lex Romana Visigothorum is present the rule on the prohibition to the pledgee to buy the pledged thing from the debtor. The author analyzing the texts of the Breviary intends to answer the question: why the texts of Pauli Sententiae and the Constantine’s constitution on commissoria rescindenda were interpreted as a prohibition to the creditor to purchase the object of the pledge from the debtor? By the interpretations the new rule was introduced which is contrary to the classical and Justinian’s law. Accepting the opinion that the ius was subordinated to the leges and even harmonized with it in the Breviary, the research embraces also those imperial constitutions which can show the circumstances in which the rule was made. Using both, the dogmatic and historical method, the author’s conclusion is that creditors used sale contract to cover unlawful appropriation of the debtor’s property. This practice and the problems of Vth century were well known to the interpreters and to the people as well, therefore the rule expresses the common understanding

The importance of the Austrian Law on Insurance Contracts in 1917

Die Bedeutung des österreichischen Gesetzes über den Versicherungsvertrag aus dem Jahre 1917

Author(s): Karel Schelle / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Austria; Czechoslovakia; insurance system; insurance contract; liability

The 1917 Insurance Contract Act was an important milestone in the development of enactments in the field of liability in insurance system. However, the whole act never became effective. Above all, enactments dealing with special types of insurances have not come into force for a long time. Though, the Insurance Contract Act was indisputably important. In the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic it became the main condition of a new reform, which consisted in a new 1934 Insurance Act.

Mining Business Pursuant to “Ius Regale Montanorum” in the 14th Century

Mining Business Pursuant to “Ius Regale Montanorum” in the 14th Century

Author(s): Petra Jánošíková / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Mining law; mining regal; mining freedom; mining; lending of right to mine mineral resources; mining business; mineral resources; Jihlava; Kutná Hora; Ius montium et montanorum; Ius regale montanorum; miner; association of miners; mining field; fief-minin

The paper deals with the forms of mining business in the 14th century, its assumptions, and importance within the context of than legal regulation based on interpretation of sources and their political-economical analysis.

History of the Czech Copyright Regulation

History of the Czech Copyright Regulation

Author(s): Radka MacGregor Pelikánová / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Copyright; History; Comparative; Czech Law; Sources; Creative Work; Artistic Work; Literate Work

As with other central European countries, the Czech Republic has enjoyed a long continental legislative evolution. As a matter of fact, intellectual property and specifically Copyright is an integral part of the national law valid in the territory of the current Czech Republic for over two hundred years. During this longer period occurred many political changes with a strong legislative impact. The Copyright in the Habsburg monarchy had many similarities to the Czech Copyright between the World Wars, but just very few with the socialist legislation in the Stalinist and normalization Communist era. Fortunately, the times of the powerful leadership of the labor class is over and the current Czech Copyright satisfies the standards of the civilized and modern Europe. That being said,it is always interesting and inherently enriching to take a step back from the status quo and to reflect upon what got us to this point, to critically review the legislative evolution. The myriad of Copyright Acts valid in the territory of the Czech Republic represents a great example for a comparative overview done in a chronological manner. The ultimate result of such an overview is an increase in one’s historical awareness, as well as in the ability to understand current regulation,s and in the capacity to present legitimate comments regarding de lege lata as well as de lege ferenda.

Legal Education and Ethos of the Legal Profession in Hungary in the Civil Era

Legal Education and Ethos of the Legal Profession in Hungary in the Civil Era

Author(s): Gábor Schweitzer / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Legal education in Hungary; Legal universities in Hungary; Legal academies in Hungary; ethos of legal professions in Hungary; image of lawyers; image of notars.

The paper is dealing with several aspects of legal education in Hungary in modern times and also reflects with the image of legal professions in Hungary from the age of enlightenment up to WW I. Legal education was considered to be one of the privileges of the churches before the period of enlightenment. The only university of Hungary, established at 1635 in Nagyszombat (today Trnava), was deeply influenced by the roman catholic church. Later on the significant protestant churches, the Calvinist and the Lutheran also established their so called legal academies. After the educational reform of Maria Theresia in 1777, several so called royal legal academies were also established in Hungary. In the period of dualism, after 1867 there were existing two universities and 10 legal academies in the country. The number of legal professionals among the Hungarian intelligence was traditionally high. The paper would like to answer why legal studies were so popular in that period. Citing memoirs and literary works also describes the changing images of different legal professions.

The confiscation of Jewish property in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia

Die Einziehung des jüdischen Vermögens im Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren

Author(s): Jaromír Tauchen / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; Jews; Jewish property; the Reich Protector; Aryanization

This contribution deals with the anti-Jewish property regulations, which were issued during the period of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939 - 1945). Attention is paid to both, the regulations of the Protectorate Ministries and to the regulations of the Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia, the most important being the Decree about Jewish property from June 1939.

Regional Languages ​​in France: the Unitary Republic of Fragmentation?

Regionalsprachen in Frankreich: Zersplitterung der einheitlichen Republik?

Author(s): Thomas Gergen / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: French constitution; Lesser used languages; Regional languages; Ordonnance sur le fait de la justice (Villers-Cotterêts; 1539).

The two first articles of the French Constitution declare that the French concept of State creates a connection between the unity of State and language in order to strengthen social life. Our study sheds light on the way how regional languages and lesser used languages have been treated in French history until today. Since the "Ordonnance sur le fait de la justice" from Villers-Cotterêts, published in 1539 under François Ier, the French language is the symbol for national unity and predominant in justice, administration and government. France seems to keep being one of the most famous examples for the monolinguism because the French language remains the one and only official language.

Punishments Connected with Person of Offender in Selected Countries of Ancient World

Punishments Connected with Person of Offender in Selected Countries of Ancient World

Author(s): Michaela Uhlířová / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: Hittites; Mesopotamia; Egypt; shame; degradation; personality; designation; outlaw; society; law; punishment.

The article deals with sanctions directly connected with the person of offender in the established group of selected ancient states (Egypt, Mesopotamia, Hittite Empire). In this article these sanctions are divided and, furthermore, their impact from personal (humiliation), religious (posthumous life) as well as legal (“legal death”) view is discussed. In particular the legal norms extant in collections of laws (Mesopotamia, Hittite Empire) or court protocols (Egypt) were used as the basic sources for elaboration of this article.