Keywords: Adrian nastase; regionalism; federalism; historical traditions; Fintinaru Alexandru; The Transylvanian problem; Trianon
The article focuses on the reasons that determined the initiative of a number of Transylvanians to reform the administrative structure of Romania – known under the name “The Memorandum”.
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In his account of ancient rhetoric the author stresses that the best minds writing about oratory always repeated that good oratory does not consist only of mastering the rules of oratory but that a good speaker must side with what is right and fair. This made Plato criticize the sophists and Aristotle insist on rhetoric remaining part of philosophy. The writers on oratory in Roman times also reiterated that good oratory cannot be dissociated from its central role: the promotion of truth and justice.
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The author first shows that O. Mandelstam abandoned the metaphysical conception of memory, which was still advocated in early 20th-century Russian culture by V. Ivanov, P. Fiorenski and, to some extent, by A. Belyj. According to this conception, memory is ultimately reduced to the »vertical« connection of the human and the ideal. On the contrary, Mandelstam's conception of memory has a »horizontal« character, moving across the level of the historical world, which is ontologically always the same level, from the modern era to the beginnings of European civilization. Even when it touches on a mythical or religious content, it does not assume a »vertical« direction of movement, because, in Mandelstam's view, both mythology and religion were primarily facts of culture, rather than ways by which memory leads to the absolute. In the second part of the article, the author analyzes the relationship between Mandelstam's historical memory and his autobiographical memory and determines the ways in which each of these functions as an aesthetic category in the structure of the text.
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Vidrić's correspondence with the Croatian painting at the turn of the century manifests itself in three basic ways. The first one is the selection of ancient motifs, previously revived in art studios. The second one is the study of nature morte, it is of landscapes. The most important relationship is with Ćikoš in the common lyricism in visual lineaments and the literary procedure, as well as in the purity in the construction of shapes. The same is true about the similarity in the minute graphism of Crnčić's copperplates. The third way is the manner of colouring by means of contrasting black and white. Together with the visual tension arising out of this method it a1ters into the basic principle of composition of Vidrić's poems, moving closer to the original light-dark ancient canvasses
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Der Vf. reagiert polemisch auf die bisherige Preradović-Forschung und versucht dabei, auf diejenigen Elemente im literarischen Diskurs Petar Preradovićs hinzuweisen, die das romantische Paradigma der kroatischen Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts poetologisch rechtfertigen. So ist das Werk des kroatischen Dichters zwischen der deutschen galanten romantischen Lyrik und der romantischen idealistischen Konzeption von der Auffassung der menschlichen Geschichte anzusiedeln, wobei das Slawentum eine messianische RoHe spielt. Mit seinen spiritistisch gefärbten philosophischen FragesteHungen erscheint Preradović auBerdem als ein wahrer poeta vates, eigentlich einer der letzten - hinzuzufügen ware noch Kranjčević - kroatischen Autoren dieser Art im 19. Jahrhundert.
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Keywords: individual experience; mild intellectual disability; coping
Research findings have documented that coping of individuals with mild intellectual disability depends on social and psychological factors (Kościelska, 1998; Zigler, 1999; Switzky, 1999; Kurtek, 2009). The aim of the empirical research was to verify the regulatory role of individual experiences (conscious representation of parental attitudes) in coping of youth with mild intellectual disability in confl icts with parents. In the study of a group of 60 students (age: 14–20) from a special school, psychological methods belonging to a cognitive paradigm were used: te PCR Questionnaire (Parent-Child Relation Questionnaire) by A. Roe and M. Siegelman (1963) and RTSS Questionnaire (Coping in Difficult Social Situations) by Danuta Borecka-Biernat (2003). Both methods were adapted to low reading and understanding skills of the population (shorter items without abstract words). The results of multiple regression confi rmed the model of tendentious perception of object by R.H. Fazio (1986) in regulating coping strategies. Problem-oriented responses in confl icts with parents are explained in 30% of variance by individual experiences of Love (from mother and father as well) and not Demanding (rather Casual) mother. The predictors of aggressive coping tendency were experiences of father’s Rejection and lack of mother’s Attention (15% of variance). Finally the avoidance coping was explained in 10% by the experience of lack of mother’s Love. Obtained data comply to the holistic model of social rehabilitation of mildly intellectually disabled youth.
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Keywords: persuasion; social understanding; theory of mind
Whether and when children can apply their developing understanding of belief to persuasion was examined using picture stories tasks. Children created or selected arguments to persuade a parent. In 2 studies, 253 children (aged 4–8 years) engaged in persuasion tasks and in first and second order false-belief reasoning tasks. The belief-relevant argument increased with age. The understanding of false beliefs proved to be a predictor of the ability to refer to the cognitive perspective of others in creating and selecting a persuasive argument. The results suggest that improvements in belief reasoning in early and middle childhood may be refl ected in social interactions such as persuasion.
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Sprawozdanie z Międzynarodowej Konferencji Vocational Counselling of Pupils with Special Educational Needs (SEN): Experience of the European Union Countries, Šiauliai, Litwa, 31 maja 2012
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Keywords: dialogue; the concept of life; life problem; the world of life; assisting the development; meaning; understanding
The paper presents the Humanistic Model of Assisting the Development. Understanding the dynamic and changing relationship between the human and the world, as perceived from the time perspective by the aided person, constitutes the basis of the aided development. In this process the feedback is focused on the concept of life – the system of opinions and beliefs concerning life – which includes the following subsystems: knowledge about life, values – directions of the life path, life goals, goal realization schemes, attitude to the self, attitude to the others, moral control of actions, heuristics of the global assessment of life and time perspective. The concept of life is created as a result of understanding and experiencing the relationality of the world available thanks to consciousness. In order to make actions and their effects (events) available to consciousness, one has to ascribe meaning to them. Obtaining access to the ‘world’ of meanings of a person in a problematic situation is a key element in understanding such people, and one of the cognitive methods is dialogue with the aided person, which helps those who want to understand. The aim is to change the concept of life in order to solve the problem. This method can be supplemented with selected techniques focused on the development of skill and ability if the aided person thinks that their effects will help to fulfi ll the concept of life.
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Keywords: nation, ethnocentrism, national belonging
This paper analysis the representations of Hungarians from Transylvania about national belonging, group limits, the concept of homeland, prejudice, ethnocentrism and the way they perceive emotional attitudes, by means of a quantitative method. During the analysis of focus groups, we were looking for answers to three questions. The first one concerned the national limits they indicated and their interpretation of national belonging. The second one concerned they way they define their homeland and the interpretations they relate to it. The third one explored the way they relate to Hungary. Based on the answers, we differentiate between two very strong national discourses related to the perception of Hungarians from Transylvania about nation and national belonging: the essentialist-radical and the quasiprimordialist, moderate discourse, which may mix to a certain degree in everyday life.
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Keywords: career pattern, difference blind institution, individualism
Review of the book: Sonja Drobnic - Hans-Peter Blossfeld: Karrierminták az egyéni életutak során: nem, osztály és összekapcsolt életek (Career Patterns over the Life Course: Gender, Class and Linked Lives). Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Volume 21, 139-164
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Keywords: religiosity, Hungarian minority
Based on survey research, our study examines the religiosity of the Hungarian minority from Romania. After a short summary of sociological theories related to religious change, the religiosity of Hungarians from Transylvania, Romanians and Hungarians from Hungary are compared. In our analysis, we determine that in its public-community dimension the religiosity of Hungarians from Transylvania is higher than that of both Romanians and Hungarians from Hungary. On the other hand, the degree of acceptance of certain religious beliefs is lower than among Romanians. The generally high degree of religiosity of Hungarians from Transylvania is explained by the characteristics of their minority situation.
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Keywords: learning, learning motivation, flow-experience, learning strategies
Based on a research of 128 high school students, the study is dealing with the reproduction of socio-economical differences. It highlights the role of attitudes toward school and learning,the role of learning motivation in this reproduction process. The analysis is based on a survey,which collected data on socio-economic background, learning motivation, learning strategies and the frequency of the flow-experience during learning. The results show significant differences in motivation patterns and learning strategies between different social groups, a significant correlation between the different factors of learning motivation and thedevelopment level of learning strategies and the used learning strategies affects the frequency of the positive flow-experiences during learning.
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Keywords: border, crossborder relationship
The paper presents three case studies conducted in Hungarian towns by the Romanian- Hungarian border: Makó, Gyula and Létavértes. Focusing on the situation of the Romanian workers in the selected settlements, it analyzes how the border and the neighboring regions appear in the every-day life and mid-term plans of these towns. Several researches proved (Németh et al 2009, Pulay 2009) that most of the Romanian immigrants work in the Central-Hungarian Region, and not in the bordering regions, where the flow of workers is sometimes opposite; as also these case studies show. There are four type of crossborder relationships among the settlements and the neighboring country, according to the case studies: (1) informal relationships; (2) formal relationships of the city councils; (3) spontaneous economic relationship; (4) cross-border economic clusters; as the paper presents whilst the first two can be found at each town, the latter two is still not built out. The settlements of the region along the border did not gain a bridging role between the two states neither for the local (employees or employers) nor for the non-local actors.
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Keywords: ethnocentrism, consumer behaviour, ethnocentric behaviour
The article aims to contribute to the growing literature of ethnic consumption in Romania. Based on empirical researches we study the characteristics and possible explanations of the ethnocentric behavior in consumption among ethnic Hungarians from Romania. Both the results of a representative survey among Hungarians from Transilvania, and of an online survey among Hungarian students from Cluj Napoca show that the ethnocentric behavior in economic transactions, including consumption, is an existing phenomenon in the ethnic Hungarian community from Romania. The main conclusion of the article is that the issue can be approached from more theoretical perspectives: both the structural approach of the new economic sociology and the socio-economics` perspective focusing on the rational choices of the individual are useful in describing and explaining ethnocentric behavior in consumption.
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Keywords: football, social ritual
Proceeding from the example of Romanian football, this paper argues that football is a symbol that manifests itself ritualistically in today’s Romanian society. Along the presentation of typical local actors, actions and locations, the author formulates the hypothesis that football games organised on a weekly basis are part of the turnerian social drama, which present the struggle between different big social groups in a symbolic way. Our paper is based on the content analysis of the Romanian specialised media, therefore it is only logical that the author also touches upon the structure of the ideal typical discourse on football, which concerns social relationships in its meaning.
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Keywords: Poland; population ageing; demographic changes;
In this article the authors discuss selected aspects of the population ageing processes in Poland. The first section reviews the most important demographic data, including the forecast of demographic changes. Next, the authors cover the consequences of the population ageing and the challenges it creates for social and economic policy (impact on labour market, healthcare system and pension system).
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Interview with Ismail Kadare by Alexis Liebaert
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U našoj je kulturi odnos lice/tijelo obilježen fundamentalnom asimetrijom koja želi da lice ostane najčešće golo, dočim je tijelo po pravilu pokriveno. Ova asimetrija odgovara primatu glave koji se izražava na različite načine, ali koji ostaje više ili manje konstantan u svim područjima, od politike (gdje titular moći biva nazvan "poglavar") do religije (metafora glave Krista kod Pavla), od umjetnosti (gdje se može reprezentirati glava bez tijela – to je portret – ali ne – kao što je evidentno u "aktu" – tijelo bez glave) do svakodnevnog života, gdje je lice par excellence mjesto ekspresije.
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