Keywords: liczebniki głóne; liczba mnoga; rzeczowniki numeralizujące się; liczebniki nieokreślone;
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Keywords: uwaga; skupienie; Modalność deontyczna; tryb rozkazujący; percepcja wizualna; psycholingwistyka; senamtyka leksykalna;
The study is based on interpretation of a textual unit defi ned as an episode – in the form of speech act confi guration, which registers (represents) a certain period of special concentration of attention, which lasts until the attention is shifted to another object of thought. It is about a unit of perception and thinking which gathers attention of a speaker – listener and supports their concentration until they reach the limit of an episode. On the grounds of communicative grammar, speech acts forcing to increased concentration of attention (in our context it would be the teacher’s utterance: let’s pay attention to) realize a double conversational strategy: controlling students’ attention and supporting meta-cursive tactics associated with the command-request for concentration of attention.
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Keywords: nazwiska; nazwy własne;
Morphological structure of Polish surnames with -isz/ysz exponent comes from appellative origins. Within the range of appellative derivates, the type in question, compared with others, occurs incidentally in few forms derived from verbs, to compare: chwalisz ‛samochwał’, zdobysz ‛zdobycz’, those derived from adjectives, to compare gołysz/hołysz, and those derived from nouns, to compare drzewisz ‛rodzaj chrząszcza’. The thesis about peripheral position of the type within the system of appellative derivates is based on scarce evidence of related formations. The capacity of anthroponomical derivates (over 200) indicates the type activated in personal names. The structure of surnames seems to convince about primarily appellative-onomastic (anthroponomical) character of word formation processes, when personal names originate from appellative basis: Chrapisz: chrapać, Dybisz: dybać, Chudzisz: chudy, Głąbisz: głąb, Krowisz: krowa, analogically to appellatives. Activeness of the type only in the onomastic area reveals in derivates originating from names in the history of Polish, compare Będzisz: Będzieciech, Będziemir, Janisz: Jan, Stanisz: Stanisław etc. Polish surnames with -isz/ysz endings may be shifts of appellative derivates with the described structure and derivates: 1) in the appellative-onomastic area, when a personal name is derived from appellative basis, 2) in the onomastic area, when a new structure comes from nomen proprium.
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Keywords: Ewangelia; Nowy Testament; Stary Testamnet; Jakub Wujek;
The article reveals results of a comparative analysis of three translations of Apocalypse by St. John published in the 17th and 18th centuries. There is a selection of 150 differences of translation equivalents between the oldest and the latest analyzed editions. The differences have been analyzed. Their function and usage in lexicographic works have been highlighted here (including a description of baroque lexis, a register of individualisms, enriched bank of quotations, baroque lexical synonymy, popularization of the knowledge concerning old Polish translations of The Bible).
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Keywords: ortografia; reguły konwencjonalne; duża litera; mała litra; reguły ortograficzne; nazwy historyczne
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Keywords: Arystoteles; żywioły; głos; mowa; aparat artykulacyjny; logopedia
The aim of the article is a presentation of views on respiratory and phonatory systems included in the work entitled Gadki o składności członków człowieczych z Arystotelesa i też inszych mędrców wybrane by Andrzej Glaber from Kobylin. The object of interest is the language describing voice in the psychological aspect and an attempt to systematize describing it notions. Special attention has been drawn to defi ning the role and character of organs participating in voice emission (including tongue and lips) and to speech disabilities.
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Keywords: język polski jako obcy; afrykaty; frykaty; plozywy; sonoraty; fonemy; OBSTRUENTY; artykulacja; wymowa dzieci;
The aim of the article is to reveal phonological processes which have to be taken into account in order to teach Polish successfully in multi-lingual environment. The author describes Polish phonological system compared with other languages, considers language acquisition and indicates that whatever comes late in the development of child’s speech is also a special challenge for foreigners learning Polish as a foreign language. She depicts phoneticphonological processes, typical of foreign accents and their infl uence on communication. In certain conditions (spontaneous speech, children’s utterances) simplifi cations or substitutions do not disturb communication while listening comprehension is greatly based on the context. In other words, if our brain ‛does not understand’ what it hears, it tries to reconstruct the speaker’s intentions by substitutions of elements within natural phonological classes and by adding the most probable elements in a given context. Mental phonological processes also help to reconstruct intentions of speakers with a foreign accent. The article also presents strategies of dealing with combinations of consonants. Polish perception is effi cient when it comes to simplifi cations resembling processes typical of language acquisition or spontaneous Polish. Another problem presented in the article is breaking down Polish consonant combinations and how it disturbs the processes of speech comprehension. Numerous examples used in the paper show how vital phonological processes are, controlling speech comprehension. It is possible to understand a person speaking with a foreign accent if his or her phonetic-phonological strategies are consistent, predictable and equivalent to the processes in child’s speech development or spontaneous speech.
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Međunarodni naučni skup RIJEKA SAVA U POVIJESTI (Milan Gulić) - 255 Peti naučno-stručni skup ISTORIJA MEDICINE, FARMACIJE, VETERINE I NARODNA ZDRAVSTVENA KULTURA (Milan Gulić) - 257
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During the Interwar period, Yugoslavia was viewed by the communists as an expression of will of the imperialist forces, that is to say, the product of the World War I. National policy of the Communist party of Yugoslavia (CPY) was based on the thesis of the hegemonism of Serbian people and the oppression towards the remaining non-Serbian peoples and national minorities. Organizational structure of CPY acknowledged territorial boundaries between historic provinces or regions which, by their geographic position, history and demographic structure,were set apart from one another. According to the leadership of the Party,during the thirties, area of Kosovo and Metohija indisputably represented a unique entity. Although, the question of incorporating Kosovo into ’’Serbia’’, and Metohijainto Montenegro, remained open. This distribution of ’’spheres of influence’’ can be recognized in the activity of communists on terrain: party cells in Pećwere directed towards cooperating with Podgorica and Cetinje, while the communists from Central Serbia sent their representatives to Kosovska Mitrovica. At the eve of World War II, balance had shifted towards policy of uniting the party structures at Kosovo and Metohija, which was expressed in the forming of the Regional committee, in Peć, in 1937. During this period, the Regional committee of CPY for Kosovoand Metohija, gravitated towards Montenegrin Regional committee. Atthe end of 1940. a final stand that this region is not to be divided, was made, which was further augmented by direct connection of Regional committee for Kosovo and Metohija with Central committee of CPY. National policy of CPY concerning Kosovo and Metohija was directed towards linking with shqiptar population and its struggle for ’’national liberation’’, while the rights of Serbian population in that area were completely neglected.
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Radina Vučetić, KOKA-KOLA SOCIJALIZAM, AMERIKANIZACIJA JUGOSLOVENSKE POPULARNE KULTURE ŠEZDESETIH GODINA XX VEKA (Bojan B. Dimitrijević) - 235 Mari Žanin-Čalić, ISTORIJA JUGOSLAVIJE U 20. VEKU (Stefan Radojković) - 237 PISANA ZAOSTAVŠTINA ACE STANOJEVIĆA. PRILOZI ZA PROUČAVANJE POLITIČKOG DELOVANJA (Miomir Gatalović) - 239 Nikola P. Ilić, INFORMBIRO I INFORMBIROVCI (U LESKOVAČKOM KRAJU) 1948-1956 (Ivan M. Becić) - 241 Milivoje Pajović, Jasmina Nikolić, DVA VEKA VOJSKE U BRANIČEVU (Bojan B. Dimitrijević) - 243 Slavica Popović Filipović, IZ POSTOJBINE JAVORA (Momir Ninković) - 245 Kosta Nikolić, MAČREVOLUCIJE. OZNA U JUGOSLAVIJI 1944-1946 (Miomir Gatalović) - 251
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The author provides the reconstruction of the Yugoslavism phenomenon in western parts of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, inhabited by the Roman Catholic population. It was rooted in activities of the Dalmatian and Slovenian revolutionary national-liberal pro-Yugoslav youth. Those integral Yugoslavian groups were base for the creation of the several Yugoslav organizations such as ORJUNA, the Yugoslav Soko, the Jadran Guard and Yugoslav Chetniks. The author devotes the main attention to Niko Bartulović, the writer, which belonged to such political and cultural circles in the city of Split. Bartulovićwas one of the prominent Yugoslav revolutionaries, accused during the First World War by the Austro/Hungarian authorities and later when the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was formed one of the main promoters of such pan-Yugoslav oriented organizations.
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Upon the formation of Yugoslavia it was necessary to withdraw several foreign currencies circulating in the country in order to achieve monetary sovereignty and stability. This issue was politically sensitive because the exchange of currencies meant (re)distribution of purchasing power to provinces and nations. The process of replacing Austrian crown notes with dinars started in February of 1920. The exchange rate was 4 crowns for 1 Serbian dinar, which was reasonable due to the higher purchasing power of the dinar against the crown, the prevailing market exchange rate, large dinar’s metallic reserves compared to the crown and because of the need to compensate dinar’s region for the expropriate exchange rate applied by the Austro-Hungarian government during theWar. The currency exchange had positive effects. The results were more beneficial for those using crowns in Yugoslavia than in Austria or Hungary. There was a great economic conjuncture in the country. The exchange rateof the new Yugoslav Dinar immediately increased significantly, and the unification did not bring an influx of inferior Crowns from adjacent regions and thus Yugoslavia preserved its scarce capital.
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United Nations engagement in East Timor is one of very few examples of comprehensive actions of the international community, starting from establishment of the statehood to resolving internal conflicts. The article gives a short history of conflict inEast Timor which led to the establishment of one of the UN missions in East Timor-UNMISET. 32 Article briefly displays the mission’s work, its results, but also points to the weaknesses and unsolved issues. Beside that, as this UN mission has some significance for Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and State Union of Serbia and Montenegro 33 having its first peacekeeping military engagement after break up of Socialistic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the article briefly displays engagement of its military capacities in UNMISET
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The article reviles the role of the two dames which were active in humanitarian work, helping the Serbian nation during the Balkan Wars 1912-1913 and the First World War. Those were Delfa Ivanic, the Serbian, and Mabel Grujic. Most of their work was financial and material aid. Mrs. Grujic was active in propaganda efforts of the Serbian struggle, as well as collecting the money, cloth and other material which she gathered and send to Serbia. Mrs. Ivanic was active as nurse, and also in organizing the war-hospitals of the charity organization Kolo srpskih sestara.They both were engaged in establishing of the homes for the orphans, the Serbian children which lost their parents in war.The author stresses their activities as the noble example of the humanity and sacrifice, resulted in many saved lives during the course of the wars.
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Both countries went through the crisis in the period that was covered by the research results of this article. Although different by the political and ideological social order, some of the same challenges led to closer cooperation. After the Turkish Army overtook the political power in 1980, General Kennan Evren visited Yugoslavia in 1982. This visit resulted in most of the similar political standpoints of the both political (military) leadership. Close political understanding was shown, except for the question of the Cyprus. Author pinpointed the problem of the relevant archival sources from the Military Archive in Belgrade. Although the 30 years of the historical distance was established, the relevant archival materials on this subject are still not opened for the researchers.
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The article gives an overview of the combat activities of the Yugoslav floatplane Squadron that evade the capitulation of the Yugoslav Army, flew since 16 th Aprila 1941 over the Greece and Mediteranean and continued fighting against the Axis with the Royal Air Force. The unit was stationed in Aboukir, Egypt until April 1942. The Squadron operated eight Dornier Do-22s plus a sole Yugoslav SIM-XIV-H floatplane. It was part of the exile Royal Air Force, but was operationally attached to the 230 th Squadron RAF. The article was written on the original documents of the unit, which are preserved in the Serbian Military Archive, Belgrade, and documents from the Public Record Office.
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The article analyses the dispute between the Yugoslavia and the United States concerning the differences in answer to the growing economical problems in the first half of the 1970-ties. This political dispute was enhanced since the different strategies to overcome the gap between the industrial and non-developed countries were promoted. Being the part of the Non-aligned movement, Yugoslavia made its standpoint as promoter of the radical transformation in the actualinternational economical relations. This Yugoslav attitude led to the direct collision with the political views of the United States. The Washington officials accused the Yugoslav political leadership for not having the senses for its vital interests. After the period of dispute, a rapprochement came, between the Belgrade and Washington.
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Municipality Newspapers, as historical source, in our historiography are not being used enough, so the impression of lack of literary works subjected to daily life under occupationare the facts that motivated the author to try to analyze daily life of Belgrade citizens in accordance with the newspaper’s content in chronological frame from April 24 th when the first number was issued until Jun 19 th when the last number was confiscated. Newspapers, as a source, almost always reflects official stance of the authorities, so there is no doubt the stance is reflected on articles of the Municipality Newspapers, but despite this fact, we support the possibility of making the review regarding daily life of Belgrade citizens in the first months after the occupation started through the writings of newspaper’s journalists. Shortly, it was a life in the occupied city affected by bombing operation under the Nazi regime which ideology oppugned to some citizens the right to life, the city in which waiting in a line and lack of basic rations was everyday event, but also the city which, despite all problems it faced, offered going to theatre or to the beach etc. Listed factors formed one new picture of daily life in Belgrade, which was different in many aspects from the one from period of peace, so the one which is going to be in power until the end of occupation.
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The article analyses the existence of the mixed Yugoslav-Soviet society, JUSTA intended for the civil air traffic. It was organized in the period of the close ideological friendship between the Yugoslavia and Soviet Union after the Second World War. The JUSTA society existed for two years, and it provided the domestic and international airline service. The first flights were held in summer of 1947, and after the Tito-Stalin break it ceased its work in the beginning of 1949. The article was written on the non published archival sources kept in Archive of Yugoslavia and the Diplomatic Archive of the Yugoslav (now, Serbian) Foreign Ministry, as well as on the literature.
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According to the Rome agreements signed on May 18, 1941 by Benito Mussolini and the head of Independent State of Croatia (ISC) Ante Pavelić, Croatian side had to cede a large part of eastern Adriatic coast to Kingdom of Italy. Rome agreements also stipulated that ISC does not have right to develop navy at the parts of Adriatic coast that remained within the Croatian borders. After German attackon Soviet Union Croatian volunteers joined German and Italian troops fighting on the Eastern front. Croatian naval legion was also formed and it joined the German navy on the Black sea. After the capitulation of Italy in September 1943 Croatian authorities declared Rome agreements null and void and most of the areas annexed by Italians in 1941 were returned to Croatian rule. This opened the opportunity for the development of ISC Navy atthe Adriatic. Unlike Italians before them, Germans were ready to help ISC to establish its naval forces. But because of the difficult situation during the later part of the war ISC Navy at the Adriatic was very limited in its operations. In late 1944 some ISC naval personnel defected to the Tito’s partisans and after that Germans lost confidence in ISC Navy. From 1941 ISC Navyhad port authorities and various commands on Croatian rivers (Danube, Drava and Sava). Its main bases were in Brod na Savi and Zemun. ISC Navy at rivers possessed several patrol boats. During Axis attack on Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 most of its river boats were scuttled bytheir crews. During 1942 and 1943 some of these boats were salvaged, among them two monitors („Bosna“ and „Sava“), and taken into service of the ISC Navy. Because of the activities of partisan forces operating in Slavonia, Syrmia and Bosnia regular traffic along river Sava was disrupted from 1942 and ISC Navy was not able to control the situation at that river. During 1944 Allied airplanes began laying mines in Sava and one of it hit and sank monitor „Bosna“. In late summer of 1944 Soviet Red army was approaching Croatian border and Marshal Tito issued a call to soldiers of Croatian Home Guardsto join the partisans until September 15 or face consequences as „traitors“. Many Hom Guardsmen deserted their units and joined the partisans. ISC naval personnel in Brod na Savi scuttled monitor „Sava“ and also deserted to partisans. In October 1944 Soviet and partisan forces captured Belgrade and eastern Syrmia, including Zemun. Because of such developments of events ISC Navy at rivers largely ceased to exist already in autumn of 1944, although the war lasted for several more months.
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