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National Question, Minorities’ Problem and Ethnic Conflicts in Romania of Today (1990-1992)

Author(s): Krassimira Naumova / Language(s): English

Ethnical misunderstanding, disagreement and conflicts on internal or interstate level might happen as a result of inequality of the national majority and ethnical minorities civil rights (economic, political, cultural, etc.) in the process of formulation and implementation of the state policy of a country. This thesis is aims at clarifying the applicability of the above criteria of aggressiveness to Romania of today (December, 1989 - beginning of 1992).

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National Study on Domestic and Gender-Based Violence (DGBV) and Elaboration of a Victims Support Model (VSM): Legal, Institutional and Policy Analysis

Author(s): Gunn Bjørnsen,Elmira Nesheva,Miriana Ilcheva / Language(s): English

Although throughout the last decade the Bulgarian authorities have adopted a number of acts and subsidiary legislation, as well as improved the existing ones, related to domestic and gender-based violence (DGBV), the country still has a long way to go to bring its legislation and practices in full compliance with EU and Council of Europe standards. The present analysis will attempt to show that Bulgaria has a fairly comprehensive legal framework for counteracting violence, affecting disproportionately women and girls. It includes, inter alia, the Law on Protection against Domestic Violence and the Regulation for its implementation, stipulating a civil law procedure for protecting those harmed; relevant provisions in the Criminal Code, criminalising bodily injury and other forms of violence against the person, plus a provision on punishing non-compliance with a domestic violence protection order; a body of legislation for protection and (financial) assistance of victims of crime, including a dedicated law, relevant provisions in the Criminal Procedure Code. In addition, a number of policy documents guide the work of institutions in co-ordinating their efforts to combat violence and protect groups of persons harmed, especially those with multiple vulnerabilities, such as Roma women and girls.

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PRIVATIZATION IN BULGARIA: a revolution that never happened, an evolution that is sweeping everything around

Author(s): Ivo St. Kovachev / Language(s): English

The purpose of this document is to present the changes in the privatization process in Bulgaria and to show how they have been brought about by the pressure of the economic reality. The privatization framework in Bulgaria was formed on the basis of theoretical approach, wish for political differentiation and narrow economic interests. This unfortunate combination did not reflect the specificity of the situation and could not long resist the economic needs of a country in restructuring. What followed was a long, slow and painful process of trial and error that could have been avoided if economic logic had more place in the first stage.

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Re-socialisation of offenders in the EU: enhancing the role of the civil society (RE-SOC). Workstream 1: Imprisonment in Europe. Belgium – country report

Author(s): Nicola Giovannini,Malena Zingoni / Language(s): English

The country background papers present information about the penitentiary system in Bulgaria, Belgium, Germany, Lithuania and Spain. The information includes: (1) legislation and other applicable regulations governing the penitentiary system; (2) structure of the system (types and number of facilities, location, management, etc.); (3) statistical data (prison population, capacity of penitentiary facilities, categories of inmates, budget, etc.); (4) studies and reports by domestic and international institutions and organizations dealing with prison-related issues; (5) additional information on the penitentiary system. The country background papers are based on the developed Methodology for data collection and analysis on the penitentiary system within the Re-socialization of offenders in the EU: enhancing the role of the civil society (RE-SOC) initiative.

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Re-socialisation of offenders in the EU: enhancing the role of the civil society (RE-SOC). Workstream 1: Imprisonment in Europe. Bulgaria – country report

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Maria Yordanova,Miryana Ilcheva,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): English

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Re-socialisation of offenders in the EU: enhancing the role of the civil society (RE-SOC). Workstream 1: Imprisonment in Europe. Lithuania - country report

Author(s): Gytis Andrulionis,Renata Giedrytė-Mačiulienė,Simonas Nikartas / Language(s): English

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Re-socialisation of offenders in the EU: enhancing the role of the civil society (RE-SOC). Workstream 1: Imprisonment in Europe. Spain – country report

Author(s): Alejandro Forero Cuéllar,María Celeste Tortosa,Iñaki Rivera Beiras,Josep Maria García-Borés Espí / Language(s): English

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RE-SOCIALISATION OF OFFENDERS IN THE EU: ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY (RE-SOC). Workstream 4: Civic monitoring of prisons. Analysis of availability and accessibility of data in Belgium

Author(s): Nicola Giovannini,Malena Zingoni / Language(s): English

The country fiches on availability and accessibility of data offer an overview of the prison-related data collection in Bulgaria, Belgium, Germany, Lithuania and Spain. Each report presents the institutions responsible for collecting statistics on prisons, what data is collected and by what categories the information is disaggregated, how regularly the collected information is updated, are there any restrictions concerning the access to data, etc.

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RE-SOCIALISATION OF OFFENDERS IN THE EU: ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY (RE-SOC). Workstream 4: Civic monitoring of prisons. Analysis of availability and accessibility of data in Bulgaria

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Maria Yordanova,Miryana Ilcheva,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): English

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RE-SOCIALISATION OF OFFENDERS IN THE EU: ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY (RE-SOC). Workstream 4: Civic monitoring of prisons. Analysis of availability and accessibility of data in Germany

Author(s): Sven-Uwe Burkhardt / Language(s): English

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RE-SOCIALISATION OF OFFENDERS IN THE EU: ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY (RE-SOC). Workstream 4: Civic monitoring of prisons. Analysis of availability and accessibility of data in Lithuania

Author(s): Renata Giedrytė-Mačiulienė,Simonas Nikartas,Gytis Andrulionis / Language(s): English

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RE-SOCIALISATION OF OFFENDERS IN THE EU: ENHANCING THE ROLE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY (RE-SOC). Workstream 4: Civic monitoring of prisons. Analysis of availability and accessibility of data in Spain

Author(s): Alejandro Forero Cuéllar / Language(s): English

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Re-socialization of offenders in the EU: enhancing the role of the civil society (RE-SOC). Workstream 1: Imprisonment in Europe. Methodology for data collection and analysis

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The successful implementation of the activities under the recently launched initiative Re-socialization of offenders in the EU: enhancing the role of the civil society (RE-SOC) depends on the expanded knowledge of the prison systems in the participating countries. Therefore, a separate set of activities is dedicated to the collection, analysis and systematization of the available information and tailoring it to the specificities of the other initiative activities. To facilitate this process a Methodology for data collection and analysis was developed, which includes the following components: (1) list of issues to be covered; (2) recommended sources to be consulted and relevant international standards; (3) methodological guidelines on how to collect, analyze and present information; (4) glossary of terms; and (5) language and style requirements. The developed methodology will be used for analyzing the information collected for several EU Member States. The analysis will aim to answer specific questions related to the prison system: structure and legal framework of the penitentiary system, prison capacity, number and structure of the prison population, etc. The results of the analysis will be summarized in country background papers.

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Risks of Islamist Radicalisation in Bulgaria: A Case Study in the Iztok Neighbourhood of the City of Pazardzhik

Author(s): Mila Mancheva,Rositsa Dzhekova / Language(s): English

In the context of the escalation of extremist Islamist violence in many EC countries today, the issue of the risks of home grown Islamist radicalization in Bulgaria is the subject of heated public debates. Preventing and studying (Islamist) radicalization has become a priority in Europe, giving rise to wealth of publications that explore its motives and causes as well as the processes whereby individuals and groups come to espouse extremist ideas and engage in violent actions. Such studies are lacking in Bulgaria while worries about the potential influence that international terrorist organisations and the related Islamist extremist ideologies could exert in the country are rising. This working paper presents the results from a qualitative study aiming to attain understanding about the vulnerabilities to Islamist radicalisation among a group of inhabitants of the “Iztok” neighborhood of the city of Pazardjik who are considered at risk. The study explores the root causes and the social meaning of the adoption of Salafi interpretations of Islam on the part of sub group local Roma and the root causes and the social meaning of certain manifestations of sympathy with radical Islamist ideas and organisations among some members of the group. Careful attention is paid to the factors and channels through which the two processes are fostered. A discussion is provided to the issue of the vulnerabilities to potential radicalisation among members of the group of Roma professing Salafi interpretation of Islam.

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The Media in-between the Civil Society and the State, May, 1998

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The present analysis draws on the empirical findings of a public opinion poll carried out by the Center for the Study of Democracy in May, 1998. It aims at defining the degrees of mass media impact on the Bulgarian society. The emphasis was laid on the ways the relationship has been sustained and regulated between the fourth power and the state. The media independence of the variety of state structures proves a distinctive feature of how developed a civil society is.

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THE STREET DOGS AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Bulgarian society has been facing the problem of street-dogs for a long time since a consensus solution has not been found. The long lasting debates and the lack of an effective commonly acceptable solution has lead to the polarization of opinions and has blocked most of the initiatives undertaken.

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Transit migration in Bulgaria

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The Working Party on Information of the Vienna Group, at its meeting of 17 February 1993, discussed the Feasibility Study on the Establishment of a Migration Information System submitted by IOM and recommended that IOM should start implementing such a program. Two substantial migration flows to Western Europe cross Bulgaria. The first one is made up of migrants from the Middle East who intend to migrate to Central and Western Europe (above all Germany and Austria). The flow that previously passed through former Yugoslavia has now been largely re-oriented through Romania. A second flow comes from the Newly Independent States (NIS) and Romania, crossing Bulgaria and entering Greece.

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Trends in Radicalisation that May Lead to Violence: National Background Report. Czech Republic

Author(s): Libor Stejskal,Pavlína Bláhová,Michal Hořejší,Oldřich Krulík,Luděk Moravec,Jan Ludvík / Language(s): English

Few would dispute the risks associated with the existence of extremism and radicalism. While not all extremists necessarily turn to political violence this dangerous pathway cannot be ruled out, as reminded by numerous acts of political violence worldwide. This national study on the Czech Republic aims to contribute to a better understanding of extremism and radicalism and the road that leads individuals and groups to radical views and social identities. The study provides background empirical data about the development and the state of extremism in the Czech Republic to both professionals in the field and experts interested in advancing further research.

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Trends in Radicalisation that May Lead to Violence: National Background Study, Greece

Author(s): Dia Anagnostou,Dimitris Skleparis / Language(s): English

This report focusses on the case of Greece, where the phenomenon of radicalisation has been present throughout the period from the mid-1970s. Greece displays one of the most persistent problems of terrorism in Europe, raising anew the question of why extremist and revolutionary organisations continue to emerge and be active in democracies. Since the 2010, right wing and left wing extremism and radicalisation have intensified, especially in the context of a deepening social and economic crisis. The report provides a background study on radicalisation in Greece and the various forms that it takes, as a basis to bridge existing knowledge gaps on the subject. It provides and overview of past and current radicalisation trends. The national background study aims to first, identify and assess the legal and institutional responses to the processes of radicalisation that may lead to acts of violence and second, to review and analyse trends (ideas, actors, actions, motivations and root causes) in three strands of radicalisation (right and left wing, Islamist radicalisation and football hooliganism).

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Аналитичен доклад: Наблюдение на принудителното връщане в България

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The governance of migration flows largely depends on the development of an effective system for returning illegally staying foreigners. Forced return is seen as a "last resort" in the fight against illegal migration and should be subject to the principles of proportionality and not exceeding the reasonable force. In this regard, there is agreement that the monitoring not only brings openness and clarity on the conditions and treatment, but represents an additional guarantee for the return of persons, including those with special protection needs. In this context, the introduction of an independent and effective monitoring mechanism is a key aspect for the development of the overall framework for forced return in accordance with Directive 2008/115/EC. The aim of the developed Analytical report: Monitoring of the forced return in Bulgaria is to present an analysis on the existing legal and institutional framework in the area of forced return in Bulgaria and to make general recommendations for the development of a national mechanism to forced return monitoring. This Analytical report is developed within the Annual Programme 2013 in scheme grants BG / RF (3) - 2013 "Forced return monitoring" by the Center for the Study of Democracy.

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Series:CSD Social Studies Papers