Na wiek XXI przypada ważna rocznica w dziejach uniwersytetów – mija tysiąc lat od powstania pierwszych tego typu uczelni, tj. Uniwersytetu Bolońskiego (Universitá degli studi), którego początki przypadają na przełom XI i XII w. (od 1088 r.), oraz Uniwersytetu Paryskiego (Université de Paris, La Sorbonne), ukształtowanego w XII w. (od 1136 r.). Po nich powstały takie uczelnie, jak: Uniwersytet w Oksfordzie (Oxford University, 1170 r.), Uniwersytet w Cambridge (Cambridge University, 1208–1209 r.), Uniwersytet Padewski (Universitá degli studi di Padova, 1222 r.).
More...Keywords: Ostroh Academy; Polish language; section of the Polish language
The article traces main milestones of the history of Ostroh Academy as an educational establishment and describes peculiarities of functioning the section of the Polish language. Facilities for activities of the section, research and didactic works of its members are presented.
More...Keywords: doctoral studies; careers; labor market; Bologna Process; European Union
According to strategic objectives of European Union the Doctoral studies in Higher Education Policy represents a crucial human resource for knowledge based innovation economy. The results of the empirical research about careers of doctorate holders show the effectiveness of this priority in Poland
More...Keywords: book; children; literature; utility books; youth
The purpose of this article is to describe the phenomenon of utility books for children and youth in the second half of the 19th century, based on “Bibliografia polska XIX stulecia” by Karol Estreicher. Twenty five tomes were reviewed, with the relevant materials divided into three sections: “games and plays”, “teaching good behaviour”, “home readings”. Each section was further divided typologically, allowing for a thorough analysis of editions and determining elements that were typical, repeatable or unconventional in form and content. The kind of function the genre fulfilled was determined, along with the form in which it was published and the ideas it conveyed. The dynamics of publishing production development of these publications over the relevant 50 years was analysed, covering both the phenomenon as a whole and individual genres. Statistical problems of publishers and printing offices and the changes in format and artwork were also presented.
More...Keywords: Dominicans; province; convent; schools; studium; lecturer; regens;
The author argues that in 1407 the Dominicans of Wrocław made an attempt at forming the studium generale in their monastery. It was to be moved from Cracow, where its functioning was endangered by lack of faculty members. The idea was initially supported by the provincial of the order and the decision was to be made at the meeting of the general chapter in Wrocław. However, as the brethren of Cracow opposed the project, the plan was not realised.
More...Keywords: Silesia uprising; Polish-Bolshevik war; “Warschau gefallen”; “miracle of the Vistula”; “miracle of the Oder”; plebiscite; Upper Silesia; treaty of Versailles; appeasement; Sicherheitswehr
Based in the analysis of press materials, mainly from Gwiazdka Cieszyńska (The Cieszyn Starlet), from 1920-1921, the article presents the links between Upper Silesia and the Republic during the Polish-Bolshevik war, especially in the summer of 1920, when the battle of Warsaw took place. The outcome of “the Miracle of the Vistula” was “the Miracle of the Oder”. The military success of the battle of Warsaw and the third Silesia uprising resulted in the incorporation of Upper Silesia, the second most industrialized region in Europe, into the Republic. The event significantly changed the economic structure of agricultural Poland, making it more similar to capitalist states. Due to its industrial and military potential, incorporating this historical region, which Jan Długosz counted among the parts of “the body of the Polish Crown,” was an important political, economic, and military event. Upper Silesia was the biggest industrial region in the country. This fact was emphasized by Gwiazdka Cieszyńska in the article O znaczeniu Górnego Śląska (“On the importance of Upper Silesia”) published in issue 215 from 1920.
More...Keywords: university; mission of the university; entrepreneurial universities; academic culture vs. corporate culture; autonomy; freedom; democracy; tradition; formation mission;
Brzeziński examines the threats for the classic concept of university rooted in the reform of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin introduced by Wilhelm von Humboldt (1812). The canon of values linked to “academic culture” is being supplanted by a set of values (or, rather, anti-values) characteristic of “corporate culture” (with the underlying approach expressed in B. R. Clark’s book: Entrepreneurial universities). Universities should carry out three missions: aiming for the truth (scientific research), delivering knowledge (teaching), and undertaking formation work (education). What is essential for the university is not just to focus on scientific achievements and knowledge transfer but also to shape new elites for a democratic, free, open, and creative civic society.
More...Keywords: functional chrematonyms; regionality; glocalization; element of promotion; Upper Silesia
The article concerns the role of dialect-based functional chrematonyms in the processof attracting the regional (Upper Silesian) recipient. Not much attention has so far beenpaid to the meaning of the names in this category so, thus it has become the subjectof the research. The article aims 1) to describe the commercial ways (model) of translocatingfunctional-categorical aspects of local dialect into the naming sphere; 2) to point out the structural-semantic naming variants, together with an attempt to determine thephenomena and changing tendencies related to naming acts. The study focused on twosubcategories of functional chrematonyms: ideational and social ones; occasionally, someother naming types beyond this classification were mentioned. The semantic-functionalanalysis of names shows that in naming processes the Upper Silesian local dialect isexploited as a valuating onymic tool and that some dialectal lexemes (bajtel, gryfny,maszkety) are extremely popular. These dialectalisms 1) evaluate names, and as elementsof collocations with other units of language create commercial terms with clear meaningsfor local recipients and 2) evaluate the Upper Silesian sphere and the microcommunitywhich lives there. The extraordinary popularity of these lexemes in the naming actsallows one to speak about the repeatability of creating scheme and about the phenomenonof onymic fashion for dialectal units.
More...Keywords: Upper Silesia 1918–1919;Upper Silesia in the 20th;silesian plebiscite;silesian culture;
Śląskość, która wykracza poza ramy nacjonalistycznych identyfikacji – dylematy tożsamościowe chłopskiego działacza
More...Keywords: language products and reproductions; formalised description of northern Kresy phraseology;
The authors studied the little-investigated body of northern Kresy Polish phraseology. The first part of the article briefly presents general, theorical issues related with the status of multi-word constructions, highlighting among these multi-component language units, i.e. reproductions (phrasemes), with the predilection of researchers to describe individual words and avoid multi-word units, even though there are many more of the latter in natural language than single-element units. It has been shown that northern Kresy phrasematics has been particularly neglected. A result of this neglect is the lack of extensive databases of these multi-word units, which in turn makes it impossible to present a credible description of discontinuous units. The authors propose that research should begin with the assembly of a database of northern Kresy phrasematic material nearly from scratch. The empirical part presents the results of initial exploratory research, i.e. performing extraction on a fragment (ca. 110 pages) of a Lithuanian-Polish dictionary published in Vilnius at the end of the twentieth century. The excerpt contains as many as twenty phrasemes that are not found in general Polish, which confirms the thesis that contemporary northern Kresy cultural dialect is saturated with multi-word units. As many as 90% of reproductions are not – most likely apparently, due to the lack of an extensive database – attested in other sources. All are of foreign origin. Interestingly, 35% of the material occurs in all four languages used in Kresy (będziesz gościem; tnie prawdę w oczy; rodzaj ogólny; siedzi jak na igłach; suche miejsce; krupy ryżowe and sygnał samochodowy). Most likely the same living conditions led to the creation of a similar image of the world. The extracted phrasematic material is presented in a formalised manner, adapting the principles of description of language units proposed by Andrzej Bogusławski.
More...Keywords: Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv; Edmund Bulanda; Kazimierz Michałowski; polish classical archeology; academic careers in the Second Republic
A series of memoirs was written concerning the persona of professor Edmund Bulanda, as well as various publications about the milieu of Polish historians and archaeologists in Lviv. In recent years it also aroused considerable interest of Ukrainian researchers of the history of the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv. Majority of them, in the evaluation of academic achievements of professor Bulanda, former university’s President, share the opinion of his student, professor Kazimierz Michałowski. Michałowski quite enigmatically explained the extraordinary involvement of the Lviv archaeologist in the organizational matters of the university. According to him, this was due to Bulanda’s lack of faith in the sense of the development of Polish classical archeology. However, nobody tries to explain whether Bulanda was indeed troubled by doubts, and if so, what was the reason for such an attitude. It seems that from the beginning of his Lviv career, the professor had a clear and modern vision of the development of Polish classical archeology. In 1919, a project was created to establish the State Archaeological Institute. Although it never happened, Bulanda took the strategic assumptions of this idea to heart. It was an institutional internationalization of research through the creation of a Polish scientific center in Rome and Athens and the training of a young generation of archaeologists outside Poland. He did not doubt the sense of the necessary changes, although in practice he had a possibility to implement only a small part of the original idea. Michałowski turned out to be much more effective in this field. However, he passed over earlier initiatives, which possibly had a negative impact on the image of Prof. E. Bulanda.
More...Keywords: Wallachians; Silesia; Kysuce; Moravia; Josef Macůrek
In research on Wallachian settlements, the issue of their ethnic origin has always aroused numerous controversies and emotions, which can be summarized as a rivalry between the Romanian and the Slavic options. However, much has always depended on the degree of extremes in promoting one or the other view by researchers. The article is a review of historiography on the ethnic origin of the Wallachians in the historical Polish-Czech-Slovak borderland. In the first studies of the Wallachian migrations, the Romanian option was dominant, but at the end of the 19th century, views emerged that locating this group of nomads in the Balkans and even completely negating the Romanian aspect, and then also the extreme Slavic option, whose leading representative for the border area was D. Cranjală from 1938 . Many subsequent works, especially Polish ones, focused on the opposition to the negation of the Romanian or also the Balkan factor. In 1959, Josef Macůrek’s book, the most comprehensive publication to date on the Wallachian settlement in this borderland, was published, which indicates a strong Ruthenian influence. Generally, it is impossible to clearly define the ethnic origin of the gelding. Linguistic works, which indicate stronger Romanian and Balkan traditions than in Macurek’s conclusions, are now bringing more revival to the research on the origin of the Wałachs. It can be said that the Walachian groups that came to Cieszyn Silesia, Moravia and Kysuce from the east (Żywiec) had many common features with the settled Polish population with whom they had contact before. Those who came from the side of Orava already had common features with the enicly Slovak population. For this reason, it can rather be concluded that an ethnically and culturally mixed Ruthenian-Polish-Slovak element migrated to the border of the Wallachian routes, but with a predominance of the ethnically Polish element — when he came from the Żywiec region, and the Slovak element - when he came from Orawa, and all these communities grew out of the traditional material culture of the Eastern, Southern Carpathians and the Balkans.
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