Search results for: piotr jaroszynski in PDF Content

Quo vadis Academia? – Cultural Reconfiguration of Science

Quo vadis Academia? – kulturowa rekonfiguracja nauki

Author(s): Wojciech Cichosz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 38/2016

Keywords: Plato; science; ideology; pragmatics; cultural reconfiguration

The ongoing cultural changes indicate that since the Renaissance science has been led into the direction of technology. Its motto is now utility (lat. bonum utile), which has a wider meaning than just usefulness. This is a consequence of replacing in science the paradigm of knowledge with the paradigm of usefulness (cultural reconfiguration of science). The key questions WHY? and FOR WHOM? gave way to questions HOW? And HOW MUCH? Whereas for the ancient Greeks science attempted to determine the causes, for the modern Academia science has become ideological pragmatics. This attitude to science has completely changed its nature. Metaphysical physics has been changed into mathematical physics. This control of science over man derives us of the opportunity to ask ultimate questions (about the source and the aim). Contemporary ideologized concept of science is directed against both theology and religion itself, so, ultimately, it is also directed against man. While appreciating the role and importance of science in culture, we cannot lose sight of its source (gr. ἀρχή), boundary (gr. πέρας) and aim (gr. τέλος). The modern cult of science is only a façade, behind which hides ideology that destroys the world, culture and humanity. The counter balance for such attitude could be provided by the following postulates: (1) not forgetting about the legacy of the past; (2) not renouncing the developments of the present times; (3) cultivating wisdom in culture; (4) returning to methodological order of questions: why?, for whom?, how?, how much?; (5) restoring the proper hierarchy of means and aims, and subject and object. The superior role of the question WHY? must be reintroduced to science and culture, because only then we can live and learn meaningfully! A man who thinks that he has understood the world but has not understood himself might become dangerous.

SOCIAL SOLIDARITY IN THE LIGHT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL RESEARCH AMONG STUDENTS IN POLAND AND LITHUANIA

SOLIDARNOŚĆ SPOŁECZNA W ŚWIETLE BADAŃ NAD KAPITAŁEM SPOŁECZNYM WŚRÓD STUDENTÓW W POLSCE I NA LITWIE

Author(s): Piotr Szkudlarek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 44/1/2016

Keywords: social solidarity; social norms; social capital;

The aim of the article is to describe and compare the level of social solidarity as a norm of social capital among first-year students of Polish and Lithuanian University. The theoretical part of the article shows issues concerning social solidarity, social norms and social capital. In the empirical part it was made an analysis of data from surveys conducted among students in Poland and Lithuania. The article presents conclusions regarding the preferred forms of providing assistance to others, the scope of this assistance and the reasons which discourage to help others.

POLITICIZATION AND RADICALIZATION PROCESS OF ISLAM ON THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA

PROCES POLITYZACJI I RADYKALIZACJI ISLAMU NA PÓŁWYSPIE KRYMSKIM

Author(s): Łukasz Zima / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 14/2015

Keywords: Autonomous Republic of Crimea; Russia; conflict; Crimean Tatars; Christianity; Islam;

The eighties and nineties of the twentieth century were a period of intense reemigration of Crimean Tatars to the Crimean Peninsula. Then began the process of rebirth and shaping the identity of the Crimean-Tatar nation in which religion plays a significant role, namely Islam. The purpose of this article is to attempt to determine the place and role of Majlis in the society and in shaping the political attitudes of Crimean Tatars, as well as determine the causes, course and consequences of the radicalization of Islam on the Crimean Peninsula. The analysis will also be covered by the policy of the Russian Federation against Crimean Tatars after the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula, as a factor directly influencing the radicalization of the Muslim communities.

Knowledge and Religious Faith

Knowledge and Religious Faith

Author(s): Krzysztof Góźdź / Language(s): English / Issue: 2EV/2016

Keywords: faith; knowledge; religious language; theology; A. Grabner-Haider

Up till now two fundamental concepts of faith (religion) and knowledge (science) have been used in Christianity. In this way the Greek tradition, and especially old-Christian one, is followed, the tradition that distinguished the world of knowledge that is a product of the cognizing mind from the world of revelation that accepts God's non-scientific gift. Christianity’s whole effort was directed at indicating the differences between science and revelation, and then at showing harmony, or at least non-contradiction, between them. This is why Anton Grabner-Haider (*1940), an Austrian philosopher of religion, had to take into consideration also the world of thought comprising science and the world of the experience of faith, including revelation. In turn, he presented the mutual relations between these worlds, understanding science on the ground of the neopositivist conception and faith on the ground of the Church’s popular contemporary understanding of faith. It is a pity he does not use the strictly theological concept of faith, and especially the more modern personalist conception, despite verbally referring to personalism. However, making modern attempts at shifting the problem of faith and knowledge as well as of their mutual relations onto the basis of the language is exactly Grabner-Haider’s achievement. In this way a new situation arises, in which not so much the world of ideas and thoughts opposes the world of religious experience and revelation, as the world of one or two languages does.

The Cracow Bargain, Reparation of Honour, Condemnation – Non-state Courts as Described by Polish Writers of Nineteenth Century

Krakowski targ, zadośćuczynienie honorowe, potępienie, czyli polscy literaci XIX wieku o sądach niepaństwowych

Author(s): Danuta Janicka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2015

Keywords: Cracow bargain; armed duels; courts of honour; courts of conciliation; civic courts;

The study presents three types of courts, i.e. courts of conciliation, courts of honor, and civic courts, that functioned outside the official administration of justice in the Polish territory which was divided among the three imperial powers in the nineteenth century. Beyond this, it focuses on popular methods they employed in rendering judgments. The study is based both on literary and journalistic sources, mainly memoirs. Polish writers and publicists attached particular importance to the courts of conciliation. They depicted them as a part of Polish culture and emphasized their great practical importance. They pointed out how these courts passed hundreds of judgments trying to satisfy both parties in any given dispute or take into account their claims according to the “fifty-fifty” rule, widely known in Poland as splitting the difference or a “Cracow bargain”. Moreover, Polish writers wrote about the courts of honor, which began to change their meaning during the late nineteenth century. Until that time they had been functioning as bodies deliberating on allowing armed duels. But by the end of the nineteenth century their judgments began more often to order apologies to the offended party. Polish writers and publicists recommended to the courts of honor that disputes should be settled amicably, i.e. by passing judgments that ordered apologies or the retraction of insults. In this way, the writers took an active part in the public debate concerning duels, which continued into the beginning of the twentieth century. The writers also popularized the civic courts, which had a very specific character. They could investigate Poles’ behavior in the public sphere, and condemn anything they regarded as morally forbidden as being detrimental towards Polish society. A condemnatory judgment from a civic court carried a certain stigma with it, i.e. the state of being deprived of honor and rights within the Polish community. A social activist, priest, or writer who received a condemnatory judgment, had to cease his or her public activity and publications of his or her works, which meant, in fact, a large measure of exclusion from Polish society. One of the notable Polish men of letters, Stefan Żeromski, treated civic courts’ activities with reserve, on the other hand, he never dared to impugn their role.

Some remarks on the birth of modern city planning in the Polish territories (1850 – 1914): the impact of the hygienic movement

Some remarks on the birth of modern city planning in the Polish territories (1850 – 1914): the impact of the hygienic movement

Author(s): Aleksander Łupienko / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Cities in the 19th century; Polish territories; Urban planning; Hygienic movement; Urban sanitation;

In the article the attention is paid to one of the scientific fields which contributed to the mature discipline of urban planning in the Polish territories. Theoreticians (and practitioners as well) of public hygiene were much aware of the urban problems, which were conspicuous especially in the cities of the so called Russian Poland, misruled in many respects by the Tsarist authorities. More and more detailed proposals and instructions how to improve the sanitary condition in e.g. Warsaw, Lviv, Cracow and Poznan, cities belonging to Russian, Austria-Hungary and Germany at that time, made by physicians and sanitary engineers, paved the way to a new scientific field in its own right. Some conclusions made in these public debates were later adopted by other professionals who dealt with the urban spatial development (like urban planners), what helped to establish the Polish school of urban planning after 1916.

Do pedagogues need realistic metaphysics?

Po co pedagogom metafizyka realistyczna?

Author(s): Tomasz Mioduszewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: metaphysics; analogy; pedagogy; Philosophical School of Lublin;

The article attempts to answer the question contained in the title: "Do pedagogues need realistic metaphysics?". In the first part of the text the author explains the difference between the colloquial and philosophical meanings of the term "metaphysics". The author describes realistic metaphysics in accordance with how it is understood by the Philosophical School of Lublin. The metaphysical understanding of reality that is described by this school is based on the theory of the analogy of being. The main part of the article is dedicated to this theory. The transcendental features of the intelligibility and desirability of being are discovered, thanks to the existence of the analogy in every being, including human beings. These features are the deepest foundation of the intelligibility and acceptance of the human being, on which pedagogy is based.

Philosophical realism of the Polish School of Classical Philosophy as the basis for a model of education open to religion

Realizm filozoficzny Polskiej Szkoły Filozofii Klasycznej jako podstawa modelu wychowania otwartego na religię

Author(s): Maria M. Boużyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Polish School of Classical Philosophy; realism; Jerzy Kalinowski; Stanisław Kamiński; Mieczysław A. Krąpiec; Marian Kurdziałek; Andrzej Maryniarczyk; Stefan Swieżawski; Karol Wojtyła; Zofia J.Zdybick;

The article examines the problem of philosophical realism and its implications for the theory of education concerning the issue of religion. The analysis is based on the works of the Polish School of Classical Philosophy, which continues the tradition of ancient and medieval philosophers, primarily Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas. The School goes back to the late 1940's when, after World War II, the Catholic University of Lublin became a Mecca for researchers that represented realistic philosophical thought. The most important philosophers are Jerzy Kalinowski, Stanisław Kamiński, Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec, Marian Kurdziałek, A. Maryniarczyk, Stefan Swieżawski, Karol Wojtyła, and Zofia J. Zdybicka. The article consists of six parts. Part 1 explains the model of classical philosophy practiced by the School, which is wisdom oriented, and argues that this model contains the determinants of the model of education open to religion. Part 2 deals with a subject of cognition, as pointed out by the School, which criticizes Cartesian, Kantian and phenomenological philosophy (the so-called philosophy of reflection). The approach to the problem of reflection and the priority of objective cognition are the core of realism presented by the School. The issue of unity of being and thinking is further analyzed in Parts 3-4, which deal with the value of pre-scientific cognition and the object of philosophical cognition (the concept of being as being). Parts 2 to 4 show the impact of objective-oriented philosophy on the definition of religion proposed by the School. The specificity of the explanation related to the phenomenon of religion and education is examined in Parts 5 and 6 – while Part 5 addresses the problem of the objectivity of value (including sanctity), the focus of Part 6 is on the metaphysical character of this definition.

The realism of ethical experience on the grounds of the appropriate concept of moral education : a reflection in light of the ethical personalism of Karol Wojtyla and his students

Realizm doświadczenia etycznego u podstaw adekwatnych koncepcji wychowania moralnego: refleksja w świetle personalizmu etycznego Karola Wojtyły i jego uczniów

Author(s): Mariusz Sztaba / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: ethical experience; ethical personalism; cognition; truth; moral good; conscience;

Moral education, as an inner form of every other field of education, is essential in the lifelong process of education. The essence of the concept of moral education depends upon the philosophical tradition in which it has been shaped - in realism or in idealism. Moral education, being under the influence of idealism, loses contact with the real student and becomes inadequate or even utopian (e.g. Rousseau's moral education, socialist education, and postmodernist education). In turn, moral education shaped on the ground of realism aims to truly recognize the student and to adequately shape his/her morality. The article presents the connection between the realistic concept of moral education and specific normative ethics built on the basis of realistic ethical experience as presented by the Lublin School.

Moral education : the formation of the child's character (the realistic view)

Wychowanie moralne : kształcenie charakteru dziecka (ujęcie realistyczne)

Author(s): Marek Mariusz Tytko / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: moral education; character; education of character; realism; Philosophical School from Lublin; ethics; pedagogy; realistic upbringing; children; youth;

This article describes the problem of moral education and the education of children's and youth's character. It presents contemporary scholarly (ethical and pedagogical) theory arising mainly out of the so called 'Philosophical School of Lublin' (metaphysical realism) and by another Realistic authors from Poland and abroad.

RHETORICAL ETHOS: BETWEEN TÉCHNE RHETORIKÉ AND PRACTICAL DISCIPLINES

ETHOS RETORYCZNY: MIĘDZY TÉCHNE RHETORIKÉ A DZIEDZINAMI PRAKTYCZNYMI

Author(s): Aleksandra Mathiesen / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2015

Keywords: art of rhetoric; rhetorical ethos; practical disciplines; persuasion; uprightness; credibility;

Inquiring Aristotelian conception of rhetoric as an art of persuasion, the author of the article aims in presenting rhetorical ethos and rhetoric itself in reference to practical disciplines, politics and ethics. Understanding rhetoric’s autonomy as a theoretical postulate this inquiries introduce a demand of functionality and axiological awareness: to treat art of rhetoric as an organon for the practical disciplines and to acquire attention of normative problems concerning particular features of rhetoric and rhetorical ethos. The article investigates Aristotle’s original conception of rhetoric and the troubled but essential connection between techne and praxis. Proposing a solution, the author initially puts forward a project of establishing a new normative conception of rhetorical ethos meeting the demands of contemporary praxis (especially in the field of education) on the basis of a concept of uprightness.

A Personalistic and Socrates' Vision of Upbringing Offered by Catholic Schools Based on Catholic High School in Chojnice

Personalistyczna i sokratejska wizja wychowania w szkolnictwie katolickim – na przykładzie Katolickiego Liceum w Chojnicach

Author(s): Rafał Maliszewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: personalistic upbringing; Socrates’ upbringing; Catholic school

The article presents a personalistic and Socrates’ vision of upbringing offered by Catholic schools based on Katolickie Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Romualda Traugutta w Chojnicach (Catholic High School of Romuald Traugutt in Chojnice). Included in the documents, the school’s mission takes advantage of both the models considering them as perfect models of integral upbringing. The visions are not contradictory, but complementary. They lead to a complete development of a human being as a physical-mental-spiritual self, who is developing during an active process of becoming a person.

Public Participation in the Environmental Protection as an Instrument of the Social Market Economy

Partycypacja społeczna w ochronie środowiska jako instrument społecznej gospodarki rynkowej

Author(s): Janina Ciechanowicz-McLean,Maciej Nyka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: XXXVII/2017

The analysis of the functioning of the instruments of public participation in environmental protection reveals many similarities between those institutions and the assumptions of the social market economy. The convergence of the goals and the means of achieving them may result from the processes of economization of environmental law and the ecologization of economic law. Public participation in environmental protection, as well as the assumptions of the social market economy assume anthropocentric view on the implementation of economic policy as well as environmental policy. Public participation in environmental protection may set the framework for the implementation of the social market economy. This relationship also works the other way - the need for the economic use of natural resources in order to meet the needs of today and future generations provides a framework for environmental protection. The indication of public participation in environmental protection as an instrument of the social market economy requires a greater account of developments of economic science in the modern world and rejecting the current views of many Polish lawyers who understand market economy as it was at the stage of nineteenth-century capitalism. Currently, there is a task for lawyers to seek such legal instruments implementing the social market economy, which would be adequate to the state of socio-economic relations in the twenty-first century, in which environmental aspects play a significant role and are determined also by the social side, not only the government and the parliament.

Ideas of Economic Freedom and Free Competition. The Historical Analysis of Economic Thought and the Origins of the Concept

Idee wolności gospodarczej i wolnej konkurencji. Historyczna analiza myśli ekonomicznej i początków koncepcji

Author(s): Eryk Kosiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: XXXVII/2017

The article is devoted to the history of economic thought in the area of economic freedom (free trade concept) and free competition. It presents the thought of philosophers and economists starting from ancient times throughout middle ages and following centuries, up till the birth of economy as a science (Adam Smith) and the beginning of the so-called “modern capitalism” (XVIII-th and XIX-th centuries). The Author points out that the approach towards trade, economic activity and economic freedom together with free competition evolved within the centuries from disguise and even hate to respect and love, when a man changed into the so-called “homo oeconomicus”. However, one may say, that this state is not perpetual. Nowadays the approachof a modern human being is evolving, too. Many sociologists and economists underline that at present a man is more “homo ludens” than “homo oeconomicus”. The article presents as well the history of early Polish economic thought, naming such great Polish thinkers like: Jan Ostroróg, Mikołaj Kopernik, Andrzej Frycz-Modrzewski, Jan Abrahamowicz, Marcin Śmiglecki, Sebastian Petrycy, Krzysztof Opaliński, Stanisław Cikowski, Wojciech Gostkowski, Stanisław Zaremba, Jan Grodwagner, Szymon Starowolski, Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro, Jan Szembek, Jan Czapski, Stanisław Poniatowski, Andrzej Stanisław Załuski, Stanisław Konarski, Stefan Garczyński.

Limits of Nature, Limits of Science

Granice natury, granice nauki

Author(s): Elżbieta Kałuszyńska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

The Common Relations among Culture and Faith, Christian Spirituality – Historic View

Wzajemna relacja pomiędzy kulturą a wiarą i duchowością chrześcijańską – rys historyczny

Author(s): Stanisław T. Zarzycki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2017

Keywords: culture; faith; education; liturgy; humanism; atheism; symbiosis of faith and culture

The broken relation among culture and faith becomes “drama of our times” (Paul VI), thus, overcoming that broken relation has always been a challenge for the Church, catholic theology and spirituality. This article, first, signals the penetration of culture into Christianity and makes you more familiar with what ancients fought about culture. And next, gives two positive examples about shaping the culture through the faith; first, in the Karolin epoch (VII – IX century), using the example of benedict monks' contribution, second, in the golden era of French spirituality (XVII century), using the examples of Saint Francis Salezy's spiritual teachings and Saint Vincenty Paol's educational and charity works. The further part of the article shows the progressing departure of culture from faith beginning with French Renaissance and through the era of Enlightenment until the complete cessation of common relation in philosophical currents of XIX century. The last part of the article shows the new relation of the Church to the world and culture initiated by the Second Vatican Council, which further was continued and developed through the teachings of the Popes Paul VI and John Paul II, and evangelism activity. Such relation is based upon a wide understanding of culture (what was worked out by secular science and expresses themselves (among other things) in inculturation of the faith, faith's creative role of culture and intermediary role of faith in realization of evangelisation.

Deputies to the Sejm and Senators in the Memberships of Cabinets of the Second Republic of Poland in 1919−1939: Parliamentary Law and Practice

Posłowie i senatorowie w składach gabinetów II Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1919−1939. Prawo i praktyka parlamentarna

Author(s): Piotr A. Tusiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2015

Keywords: parliamentarism; parliamentary-cabinet system; parliamentarisation of ministerial posts, interpenetration of the legislative and executive powers; constitutional customary law; positive constitutional

Political and parliamentary systems of the Second Republic of Poland in the first years of its existencewas based on the European continental models, mostly the French ones. This remark concerns alsothe issue of parliamentarisation of ministerial posts, also referred to as mutual interpenetration of thelegislative and executive powers. During the operation of the Legislative Sejm (1919–1922) the legalbasis of constitutional practices in this area was provided by customary law, raised to constitutionalrank under the Basic Law of 1921 and — despite the formal break with a parliamentary-cabinet systemprovided for by April Constitution of 1935 — effectively operating as positive-law norm of an ordinarystatute. The characteristic traits of Polish parliamentary practice of the 20-year interwar periodinclude: extension of the possibility of holding positions in government jointly with the exercise of aparliamentary mandate on the offi ce of the undersecretary of state, parliamentary ministers serving onthe so-called expert (non-parliamentary) cabinets and the participation of expert Ministers (in 1919–1922 even numerically predominating) in the composition of “ministries” created by a coalition ofSejm (parliamentary) factions. The practice of appointing Deputies and Senators to governments wascontinued in the period following the May coup, and even intensifi ed in the 1930s, despite the fact thatthey were of a purely extra-parliamentary nature. It should be noted, however, that if under the parliamentary-cabinetsystem the mutual interpenetration of legislative and executive was aimed, in general,to enhance cooperation between these two constitutional institutions, under the reign of Sa nacja itrather refl ected either the fi ght against parliamentarism (breaking the internal cohesion of politicalgroups represented in the Sejm) or political and personal struggles within its leadership.

Legal Positivism Versus Legislative Acts of Internal Character Provided for in the Constitution and Normative Acts of Administration not Provided for in the Constitution

Pozytywistyczna koncepcja prawa a konstytucyjne akty prawa wewnętrznego oraz pozakonstytucyjne akty normatywne administracji

Author(s): Piotr Ruczkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: law; normative act; legal positivism; sources of law; sources of internal law; normative legal forms of the performance of administration

This article constitutes an attempt to evaluate the legal status of legislative acts of internal characterprovided for in the Constitution and some actions exhibiting features of normative acts not providedfor in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of April 2, 1997 but present in the process of administeringthe state, from the perspective of legal positivism and the theory of law sources. In particular,the article attempts to answer the following questions: Do such acts constitute legislation fromthe point of view of legal positivism, i.e. can they be considered to be normative acts containing rulesof a general and abstract content established or approved by the state?

Material and Technical Actions (as a Legal Form of Operation of the Administration) and a Judgment within the meaning of Article 79 (1) of the Constitution

Czynność materialno-techniczna (jako prawna forma działania administracji) a orzeczenie w rozumieniu art. 79 ust. 1 Konstytucji .

Author(s): Bartosz Majchrzak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2013

Keywords: constitutional complaint; Constitutional Tribunal; judgment on constitutional rights and freedoms; form of administrative activity; material and technical action; legal action

The article is an attempt to examine what meaning is attributed by the Constitutional Tribunalto the concept of judgment on the basis of Article 79 (1) of the Constitution. The content of theso reconstructed defi nitions has been referred to those attributes which, in terms of the doctrineof administrative law, are typical of material and technical actions of public administration authorities. As a result of this comparison, it is concluded that the basic criteria for clarifi cationby the Court of the term “judgment” (induction of direct or indirect legal effects, the result ofapplication of a legal norm, the imperious character) are also applicable to the material and technicalactivities. Therefore, the arguments used by the Polish constitutional court, which are assumedto justify the exclusion of those actions from the scope of Article 79 (1) of the Constitution,are not suffi cient. Their validity may be undermined by the counterarguments raised bythe legal doctrine of administrative law. Accordingly, it is proposed to use such a criterion whichleaves no doubt that a material-technical action by an authority is not a judgment within themeaning of Article 79 (1) of the Constitution.

Contemplation: If it makes for peace, why not for Christian witness too?

Contemplation: If it makes for peace, why not for Christian witness too?

Author(s): Paweł Tarasiewicz / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: contemplation; Christianity; witness; testimony; Ketman; mysticism; philosophy;

The author attempts to answer the following question: Why does Christian witness need contemplation? He claims that Christian witness needs contemplation, because contemplation reveals the truth about the nature of reality; it is this truth which is one of the factors that constitute the foundation of Christian faith. In a sense, contemplation is analogical to mysticism: as mystical visions make Christian belief grounded on the immediate experience of (meeting with) the Truth, so the contemplation of the creatures makes Christian belief based on the indirect experience of the Truth (i.e., the meeting with the traces left by the Creator in the world).