Search results for: fair value in case ifrs 15 in All Content

The Ambivalence of Accounting Theory between Shareholder and Stakeholder Value

Ambiwalencja teorii rachunkowości: wartość dla akcjonariusza czy wartość dla interesariusza

Author(s): Marcell Schweitzer / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 06/2001

The paper is devoted to the complex interrelationship between accounting theory and ac-counting policy. The author discusses the general structure and function of an accounting theo-ry. Then he analyses the structure and function of accounting policy by explaining ambivalent points of view with regard to interests and objectives of possible users of accounting infor-mation, and the effects of these on the structure of accounting theory. After that, the author Shows what approaches have hitherto been developed at firm level and beyond firm level to designing the external accounting systems that is objective-oriented (that is, related to the ob-jectives of the users). In conclusion, he drafts a framework for the solution of the ambivalence of accounting theory and policy in the case of differing interests and objectives of potential users.

Network Value Creation through Marketing

Network Value Creation through Marketing

Author(s): Grzegorz Mazurek / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2014

Keywords: virtualization; value co creation; marketing; client; Web 2.0

Purpose: The article is devoted to critical refl ection on the commonly used value chain model taking the perspective of contemporary role of client and technological advancement in multifaceted organizational development and management. It attempts to outline and thoroughly describe the new perspective of value creation and value management taking into account digital technologies and social media platforms. Methodology: Deductive approach have been implemented, secondary data and sources have been used. Finally, the model of Value chain 2.0 was presented, conceptualized and described from both theoretical and practical sides. Design: The fi rst part of the article is focused on the explanation of present potential of client for any enterprise. The second part attempts to explain the role of virtualization processes, exemplifi ed by social media, semantic web approach or virtual organization in the shift of value creation. Finally, the concept of value chain 2.0 is proposed and discussed. Findings: There is a rapid transformation of value creation where linearity, control and interorganizational resources are gradually being replaced by network value creation where clients’ activities play pivotal role in organization performance and where value is defi ned in much broader way. Practical implications: The conclusions have profound meaning for companies and organizations striving for engagement of clients, partners and employees in value creation processes. The paper presents both theoretical foundations along with practical implications for value co-creation. Originality: The thorough and detailed analysis and interpretation of multifaceted shift and transformation of value creation and value management is presented. The article describes the ways the social media, digital technologies and contemporary marketing infl uence the way organization creates value.

Value and doubts

Wartość i wątpliwości

Author(s): Małgorzata Rygielska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 31/2013

Keywords: values; axiology; Christianity; Cyprian Norwid; modern culture

The article is a review of viewpoints suggested by the authors of the collective volume Norwid w świecie wartości. Z „Dni Norwidowskich na Białołęce” (Norwid in a World of Values. From the „Norwidian Days in Białołęka”), ed. T. Korpysz. Fundacja „Ziarna Ocalenia”. Warszawa 2012. The book contains sketches by well-known and recognized scholars studying the life and work of Cyprian Norwid as well as by young researchers gathered around the Warsaw Norwidological Circle: Jadwiga Puzynina, Jacek Leociak, Rev. Antoni Dunajski, Tomasz Korpysz, Joanna Trzcionka, Marta Ewa Rogowska, Karol Samsel, Marcin Będkowski. To a large degree the volume has a character of an academic one designed for the general public, which does not belittle its importance or value, as it is supposed to induce reflection on values not only in the life of Norwid, but in the lives of all the readers of the book. The scholars have taken up the problems of the truth as a value (autotelic and sacralized), of “the ethics of speech” – responsibility for one’s own words and for another man, of Norwid’s connections with Christianity, of searching for values in history of Europe’s culture and the 19th century philosophy. Reproductions of artistic works by pupils of primary and post-primary schools who received awards at competitions organized on the occasion of “Norwidian Days in Białołęka” are a separate part of the volume. The articles contained in the book prove that the axiological issues in Norwid’s works, despite the fact that there are a lot of publications on this subject, are still worth studying.

Middle Europa: Low Added Value

Middle Europa: Low Added Value

Author(s): Martin Ehl / Language(s): English / Issue: 07/02/2012

Keywords: ehl; middle europa; czech republic; Pogatsa; economics; slovakia; income tax; poland; hungary; visegrad

The Visegrad Four’s failure to invest in innovation doesn’t bode well for the future.

Reflections on Transfer Market. Theoretical Sketch of a Market Value Predictive Model

Reflexiók a labdarúgás transzferpiacára egy lehetséges elemzési modell vázlatkísérlete mentén

Author(s): Előd Balázs,László Péter / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 02/2015

Keywords: football; transfer market; migration; market value; explicative model; social factors;Romania;

The mediated professional soccer is a special economic domain. All those actors directly connected with the inner practice of the game – footballer, coaches or physiotherapists – have estimated market values. That’s why a large number of experts and organizations concern themselves with the appraisal of the aforementioned value. In the present study we are going to summarize the special literature concerning the football transfer market in order to develop an explicative model to estimate the transfer value which takes into account numerous social factors too besides the economic element which are in play in the variation of market values of football players.

Childhood as a value

Dzieciństwo jako wartość

Author(s): EWELINA PIECUCH / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 3/2011

Keywords: childhood; value; children

The article encompasses the problems of childhood and its influence on the rest of one's life. I have concentrated on this crucial and specific time in life. It is demonstrated by biology, medicine, psychology, and psychoanalysis that human habits are formed in childhood. Health, hygiene and aesthetic behaviour determine one's further fate and influence life in its entirety. It is that phase of human life that determines the rest of it. In childhood children manifest their cognitive and emotional powers. They are ready to discover the world. That is how they demonstrate their power, but also fragility and sensitivity.The notion of value is mainly related to the meaningful aspects of human existence.That which is held dear and considered important determines further goals. Opinions and experience serve to emphasize that which is important. Those are created and take shape with the child's development. I took great care to emphasize in the article the enormous value of childhood as part of human life. Values, along with childhood, havea decisive influence on the essence and form of existence.

Purity as a Value

Czystość jako wartość

Author(s): Grzegorz Krawiec / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2015

Keywords: chastity; unchastity; values; educational processes; pornography; sexual education

In the paper, the chastity is presented as a value in terms of psycho-sociological and cultural life. The basic definition of the value and the mainstream views on this topic were recalled, as well as their impact on the sciences like philosophy, psychology, pedagogics etc. The main aspects of the Judeo-Christian view on chastity value were described pointing out the different states of chastity: youth, premarital, spouse and celibacy (priests and monks). The biblical perspective was shown, using the passages from both Old and New Testaments as well. Today’s societies turning away from chastity produces a range of factors threating the chastity, despite the numerous negative consequences of unchastity and unmoral behavior. Those consequents on spiritual life, psychical state and health were pointed out, too. Moreover, the positive impact of chastity on individuals and societies was emphasized. Considering the statistical data available in the publications, the main conclusion was that it is inevitable to restore the value of the chastity, to propagate it in media and to include it into the parenting and educational processes.

Person's value

Wartość osobowa

Author(s): Mirosław Rutkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 32/2015

Keywords: bad; ethics; experience machine; good; life’s value; objective values; person’s value; relative values; well-being

The main aim of this paper is searching the nature of the relation between a personand certain things that constitutes their being good or bad for her, and explainingwhat it is for something to have for us exactly that value and not other.

REDUCTION OF PENALTIES IN THE NEW CIVIL CODE AND IN OTHER EUROPEAN LEGISLATION. THE LIMIT IMPOSED TO THE JUDGE, THE LIMIT BELOW WHICH NO PENALTY VALUE CAN DROP

REDUCTION OF PENALTIES IN THE NEW CIVIL CODE AND IN OTHER EUROPEAN LEGISLATION. THE LIMIT IMPOSED TO THE JUDGE, THE LIMIT BELOW WHICH NO PENALTY VALUE CAN DROP

Author(s): Florin Ludușan / Language(s): English / Issue: XI/2012

Keywords: penalty clause; new Civil Code; contract

According to New Civil Code, the penalty clause may be reduced by the judge in case the main obligation was partly fulfilled and the creditor benefited by this fulfillment and in the situation in which the penalty is clearly excessive compared to the damage that could be foreseen by the parties upon the signing of the contract.

Measurement and Reporting of Intellectual Capital with Calculated Intangible Value Method

Entelektüel Sermayeyi Hesaplanmış Maddi Olmayan Değer Yöntemi İle Ölçme ve Raporlama

Author(s): Selim Yuksel Pazarceviren,H. Pinar Kaya / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: Intellectual Capital; Knowledge; Calculated Intangible Value Method; Intangible Asset; Financial Reporting;

The main purposes of this study are to examine the studies measuring and reporting intellectual capital, to revise these studies with accounting perspective and to determine the intellectual capital values of firms operating in Textile and Leather Products Industry in Borsa Istanbul for the years 2014-2016 via “Calculated Intangible Value Method”. The findings reveal that intellectual capital indicating firms’ fair value is to be reported. However, it is difficult to recognize intellectual capital as an intangible asset and to report it in financial tables since there is not a direct definition towards intellectual capital in International Financial Reporting Standards and Turkish Accounting Standards/Turkish Financial Reporting Standards. This study reveals that the best reporting approach is to present the information related with intellectual capital in the annual reports of firms within the frame of current regulations.

Polish value terms in comparative perspective. II. Prawość and odwaga

Polskie słowa-wartości w perspektywie porównawczej. Część II. Prawość i odwaga

Author(s): Anna Wierzbicka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 24/2012

Keywords: Polish value-words; prawość ‘righteousness’; odwaga ‘courage’; word’s semantics; comparative perspective; Polish; English; Russian

The first part of Anna Wierzbicka’s comparative work on Polish value terms appeared in volume 23 of Etnolingwistyka: it dealt with dobroć ‘goodness’. In this second part, the author analyzes the concepts prawość ‘rightenousness’ and odwaga ‘courage’. Prawość is a specifically Polish concept, very much present in the Polish linguistic and cultural contemporary sphere. It is connected with the history of the country and the qualities attributed to major historical figures. Being prawy means being sensitive to others and following high ethical standards, which perhaps derives from the knightly ethos. English pseudo-equivalents of the Polish prawy/prawość are the words upright, righteous/righteousness and integrity. However, the word upright is now perceived by native speakers of English as dated and inadequate in contemporary world; righteous and righteousness have clear biblical connocations and have entered the English language through Puritan morality – hence their range is limited. The closest equivalent is integrity, although the word is more readily connected with one’s social activity than with morality. Odwaga is also connected with moral choices (cf. odwaga cywilna ‘moral courage’) but is not the same as courage: if someone is odważny, the deed may have negative consequences for the doer, which courage does not presuppose. The same semantic field contains words like śmiałość, dzielność and męstwo ‘boldness, bravery, valour’, but these also differ in their semantics from the English courage. Bravery is only an approximate to śmiałość, as is the Russian mužestvo, which merely resembles męstwo. The cognitive scripts of the Polish value terms show clearly that speakers of Polish in each case operate with elements of awareness („being aware of the moral obligation to act as one should”).

Costumer value

Клиентска стойност

Author(s): Ivan Boevsky,Angel Sarov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: Customer value; Perceived customer value; Metrics for customer value

As business organizations and scientific and academic thinking are constantly searching for adequate concepts and practical solutions to address current challenges facing business organizations. In this regard, customer value quickly gained popularity and became one of the dominant concepts in the academic literature and business practice. Despite this fact, surprising to many, but not to the team that developed the current publication, that there is no consensus on defining the concept of customer value, and there is no common, uniform definition for it. Even very often in the realization of scientific and practical studies related to customer value, no attempt is made for an explicit definition. It comes to the situation that customer value is one of the most commonly misinterpreted, misplaced and ambiguous notions in science and practice. The reasons for this are many and in this regard we seek to answer a number of research questions, the main ones being: What is customer value? Who, where, and how does it create customer value? In addition, we review the most commonly used metrics of client value.

WRITING VALUE

KIRJUTAMISE VÄÄRTUS

Author(s): Anni Jürine / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 9/2020

Keywords: Values of writing; writing course;

Kirjutamine on õppeprotsessi loomulik osa ja viimastel aastatel on kirjalike tööde osatähtsus kõrghariduses aina kasvasnud. Kirjalikku eneseväljendusoskust peetakse Eestis üldjuhul oluliseks ja enamiku kõrgharidusasutuste õppekavades on (akadeemiliste tekstide) kirjutamiskursus mingil viisil olemas kas siis akadeemilise kirjutamise, väljendusõpetuse või õigekeelsuskursusena. Samas ei tegelda kirjutamisega kõrgkoolis ainult kirjutamiskursustel. Tartu ülikoolis tehtud uuring näitas, et kirjalikke töid kasutatakse kõikidel erialadel ja just nimelt erialaainete õpetamisel.

The Importance of Intangible Assets in the Hotel Industry: The Case of Croatia and Slovenia

The Importance of Intangible Assets in the Hotel Industry: The Case of Croatia and Slovenia

Author(s): Mateja Jerman / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

Keywords: intangible assets; hotel industry; financial performance; Slovenia; Croatia;

Studies show an increasing importance of intangible assets (hereinafter IA) and a positive relationship between IA and company performance. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the importance of IA for Croatian and Slovene hotel companies and to find out whether companies with a higher share of intangibles are also more profitable. The analysis is based on publicly available financial statements for the five-year period, from 2011 to 2015. The results show that the average share of IA presented in the balance sheets of the analysed hotel companies is low in both countries. Moreover, we could not find a statistically significant relationship between the share of IA and the selected financial performance indicators. The results of our study show that despite the emphasised importance of IA in literature, the publicly available financial data of the selected hotel companies provides very limited information on IA for external stakeholders.

The fun as a value

Zabawa jako wartość?

Author(s): Joanna Mysona Byrska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 25/2018

Keywords: fun; consumption society; values;

In the world of consumption everything seems to be possible and accessible for everybody. The life should be pleasant, and such a life is connected with fun. The man has been always having fun; the entertainment helped him to rest after the work. It was a reward for the effort and self – sacrifices. Nowadays, the man should have fun as often as possible, as this is a sign of the success for the standards of the world of consumption. Thus, having fun is reserved only to those who have time and money to use for entertainment. Having a good fun indicates a social status. In consequence its significance grows. It is well seen to have fun. Namely, social significance is given not by the kind of work and its effects, but by the way the consumer is having fun. In the world of consumption having fun is becoming a kind of value, in other words that, what gives the reason for the consumer’s life.

Application of the concept of Value-Based Management in public cultural institutions

Aplikacja koncepcji zarządzania wartością VBM w publicznych instytucjach kultury

Author(s): Dmytro Osiichuk,Paweł Wnuczak / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 3/2020

Keywords: value management; cultural institution management; social advantages

The article discusses the concept of value-based management adapted to the specificityof public cultural institutions. The adaptation process involves mainly the considerationof the advantages generated by cultural institutions and the application of a discount ratein social calculations. The presented concept makes it possible to assess the social rationalebehind the activity of non-commercial cultural institutions. In order to explain thesuggested solutions better, a numerical example illustrating the methodology coveredin the paper has been used.

Sixth- and Seventh-Century Elephant Ivory Finds from the Carpathian Basin • The Sources, Circulation and Value of Ivory in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages

Sixth- and Seventh-Century Elephant Ivory Finds from the Carpathian Basin • The Sources, Circulation and Value of Ivory in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages

Author(s): Ádám Bollók,István Koncz / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: elephant ivory; long-distance trade; social display; Red Sea trade; Roman Indian Ocean trade; Late Antiquity; Carpathian Basin; Langobard period; Avar period

The present paper seeks to examine the available data on the possible sources and monetary value of elephant ivory, both as raw material and finished products, in the Roman to late antique Mediterranean world in order to gain a better understanding of the wider context of elephant ivory artefacts dating from the sixth and seventh centuries discovered in the Carpathian Basin. After reviewing the written and material evidence on the dynamics of the Mediterranean elephant ivory trade from the Hellenistic period until the Early Middle Ages, our main conclusion is that the raw material of the sixth- to seventh-century ivory objects of the Middle Danube Region in in all probability originated from Africa, possibly from the continent’s eastern parts, and arrived to this area through the Mediterranean. It is further argued that the few artefacts manufactured of elephant ivory in the eastern and central regions of the Mediterranean that reached the Carpathian Basin cannot be regarded as extremely expensive luxury goods – in fact, their majority would have been quite affordable to customers of more modest means.

Internal Corporate Social Responsibility Preferences of Young Job Seekers with Regard to Sustainable HRM: Are These CSR Preferences Related to Their Personal Value Orientations?

Internal Corporate Social Responsibility Preferences of Young Job Seekers with Regard to Sustainable HRM: Are These CSR Preferences Related to Their Personal Value Orientations?

Author(s): Susanne Rank,Jason Palframan / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2021

Keywords: internal CSR; personal value orientations; sustainable HRM

Objectives: In order to increase corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities with organizations, the support of employees in times of climate change is crucial: employees with CSR awareness of sustainability and their subsequent extra-role work behavior are an asset to an organization. Sustainable HRM promotes sustainable employee behavior. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between personal values orientations and internal CSR preferences which increase subsequent sustainable employee behavior fostered by sustainable HRM practices. Specifically, our central research question here examines the extent to which personal value orientations predicts internal CSR preferences towards sustainable employee behavior. In this paper, we look at this issue from the perspective of young, highly qualified job seekers who have to face issues of sustainability. Methodology: We conducted an integrative literature review of empirical studies on internal CSR and sustainable HRM. In addition, we reviewed the application and relationship of Schwartz’s personal values framework and employees’ internal CSR preferences. Findings: The findings conclude that the relationship between personal value orientations of employees and their preferences in the focus of the company’s internal CSR is heterogeneous, as positive vs. negative paths between personal values and internal CSR preferences were identified. Further, different scales for internal CSR dimensions were applied. Value Added: Based on previous studies we develop an integrative internal CSR framework (with employee vs. organizational dimensions) that could be applied in organizations to measure their internal CSR maturity level and be supported by the specific, sustainable HRM practices discussed. In addition, we dealt with the question of how the connection between the personal value orientations of potential candidates or employees and their internal CSR preferences can be proven in field research. Recommendations: Based on recent heterogeneous study results, we identifyfive research gaps and propose research design ideas for future research. Practical implications are also discussed.

DOES BANK INDONESIA CERTIFICATE (SBI) AND EXCHANGE RATE AFFECT SYSTEMATIC RISK (BETA) ? (PROOF OF VALUE OF FIRM’S THEORY ON INDONESIA BANKING ISSUER)

DOES BANK INDONESIA CERTIFICATE (SBI) AND EXCHANGE RATE AFFECT SYSTEMATIC RISK (BETA) ? (PROOF OF VALUE OF FIRM’S THEORY ON INDONESIA BANKING ISSUER)

Author(s): Dompak Pasaribu,Ade Fatma Lubis,Azhar Maksum,Rina Bukit / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: Bank Indonesia Certificate; Exchange Rate; Systematic Risk;

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of macroeconomic variables of Bank Indonesia Certificate (SBI) and Exchange Rate on systematic risk (BETA) in the banking sector. This type of research is quantitative research and based on the level of explanation. Data analysis method used is Structural Equation Model (SEM). The data used are annual secondary data of 24 issuers in 2007-2015 in 207 times of observations in cross-sectional banking firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (SBI). The results show interest rates (SBI) and exchange rates (KURS) have a negative and significant effect on systematic risk.

Value of the loyalty principle of evidence in Romanian criminal procedural law

Valențe ale principiului loialității administrării probelor în dreptul procesual penal român

Author(s): Giulia Şologon / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: truth-seeking; loyalty; prohibition of coercion; entrapment; provocateurs; exclusion of evidence;

The principle of finding the truth implies the obligation of the judicial authority to carry out an effective investigation, ex officio, as soon as the commission of a crime is brought to their attention. To ensure the fair and efficient nature of this investigation, finding out the truth must be related to two derived principles: the principle of freedom of evidence and the principle of procedural loyalty. Procedural loyalty was originally understood as an obligation of those who participate in the discovery of the truth in any way, regardless of the procedural position they have, to behave correctly, being forbidden to those who administer evidence to use incorrect procedures, tricks or stratagems. The current regulation configured the principle of loyalty in accordance with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, establishes that there is a lack of loyalty if the judicial authority uses procedures inconsistent with the fundamental principles of the legal order in order to obtain evidence. Disloyalty evokes deception, artifice, promise, threat, all of which have the effect of reducing or suppressing free will, and ultimately distorting the truth that the judge must determine.The present study aims to analyze the principle of the loyalty from a double perspective, national and European, referring both to the scope of the principle and to its particular forms of manifestation, respectively: the prohibition of coercion in taking statements of the defendant and the prohibition of entrapment, regardless of whether they come from judicial bodies or individuals. In the final part of the article, an analysis of the sanctions that intervene in the case of the violation of procedural loyalty is carried out, both by referring to the solution proposed in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, and to the need to retain the autonomous character of the sanction of the exclusion of illegally or unfairly administered evidence.