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CAS Newsletter 2015/2016

CAS Newsletter 2015/2016

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: Centre for Advanced Study; CAS; CAS-Sofia; Newsletter; CAS Newsletter; CAS Newsletter 2015-2016

Articles, pictures and interviews can be reprinted only with the consent of Centre for Advanced Study Sofia (CAS - Sofia). Any citations should be duly acknowledged.

INTERNET TROLLING AS A TOOL OF HYBRID WARFARE: THE CASE OF LATVIA

INTERNET TROLLING AS A TOOL OF HYBRID WARFARE: THE CASE OF LATVIA

Author(s): Alexander Fokin / Language(s): English

Keywords: Russia; media; internet; information; communication; trolling; tool; hybrid warfare; Latvia; case study;

Social media has been used increasingly to support military actions. Recent conflicts have demonstrated that the fight for hearts and minds is as important as kinetic activity, and social media plays a crucial role in this process. Both state and non-state actors effectively exploit social media to gain support for their actions, recruit new members, deceive and intimidate the adversary, and even use it for traditional military activities such as intelligence collection or command and control. Given these conditions, the NATO Strategic Communication Centre of Excellence (NATO StratCom COE) was tasked to conduct a study on how social media can be used as a weapon of hybrid warfare. The recent Russian-Ukrainian conflict demonstrated how fake identities and accounts were used to disseminate narratives through social media, blogs, and web commentaries in order to manipulate, harass, or deceive opponents. Several reports by investigative journalists have reported about the existence of so called troll farms in Russian cities, employing people to spread disinformation, rumours, or falsified facts, enter into discussions and flood topic-related web spaces with their own messages or abuse. Nevertheless, trolling is still a relatively unexplored phenomenon. Although such activities have been widely identified, their effects have not been measured, particularly due to the fact that is it difficult to distinguish between the paid trolls and people who are simply expressing their opinions. In order to analyse how pro-Russian trolling is used to influence the public opinion in NATOmember countries the NATO StratCom COE commissioned the study Internet Trolling as a Tool of Hybrid Warfare: the Case of Latvia. The study was conducted by the Latvian Institute of International Affairs in cooperation with Riga Stradins University, and was aimed at analysing organised proRussian trolling in internet media to measure its impact on public opinion in Latvia. Latvia was chosen for the case study due to the specifics of its information environment (a strong division between the Latvian and Russian language information spaces), as well as the country’s historical background and potentially vulnerability to Russian hybrid warfare tactics. Communication science, social anthropology, political science, and information technology expertise was employed to gain a better understanding of the trolling phenomenon, and to develop methods to identify trolling and evaluate its impact on public opinion. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. This research provides an opportunity to evaluate the risk potential of trolling, and it offers recommendations on how to mitigate the effects of trolling when used as a tool in hybrid warfare, beyond the specific case study.

WEEK - Issue 021. Thursday 17 October 2002

JÁVA - Numri 021. E ejte 17 Tetor 2002

Author(s): Shkëlzen Gashi,Artan Muhaxhiri,Shkëlzen Maliqi,Bernard Zeneli,Arlinda Desku,Jeton Jagxhiu,Albana Rexhepi,Gani Jakupi,Virgjil Muçi,Ardian Vehbiu / Language(s): Albanian

Keywords: Kosovo 2002;

WEEK - Issue 026. Thursday 21 November 2002

JÁVA - Numri 026. E ejte 21 Nandor 2002

Author(s): Elvira Dones,Artan Muhaxhiri,Arlinda Desku,Besnik Dizdari,Virgjil Muçi,Ardian Vehbiu,Albana Rexhepi / Language(s): Albanian

Keywords: Kosovo 2002; Xhavit Haliti; Piro Milkani;

WEEK - Issue 056. Thursday July 10, 2003

JÁVA - Numri 056. e ejte 10 korrik 2003

Author(s): Ramush Tahiri,Petrit Selimi,Ragip Luta,Femi Cakolli,Robert Elsie,Gani Jakupi,Jelena Bjelica / Language(s): Albanian

Keywords: Kosovo 2003;Mother Tereza;

WEEK - Issue 059. Thursday July 31, 2003

JÁVA - Numri 059. e ejte 31 korrik 2003

Author(s): Ramush Tahiri,Migjen Kelmendi,Petrit Selimi,Gjergj Erebara,Zekerija Ibrahimi,Tomislav Novović,Ardian Ndreca,Jelena Bjelica / Language(s): Albanian

Keywords: Kosovo 2003;

WEEK - Issue 061. Thursday August 28, 2003

JÁVA - Numri 061. e ejte 28 gusht 2003

Author(s): Asdren Gashi,Migjen Kelmendi,Shkëlzen Maliqi,Gjergj Erebara,Muhamet Veliu,Jelena Bjelica,Femi Cakolli,Edi Muka,Ardian Klosi / Language(s): Albanian

Keywords: Kosovo 2003;

WEEK - Issue 065. Thursday September 25, 2003

JÁVA - Numri 065. e ejte 25 shtator 2003

Author(s): Shkëlzen Maliqi,Arlinda Desku,Gjergj Erebara,Fahredin Shehu ,Met Behluli,Shpresa Bushi / Language(s): Albanian

Keywords: Kosovo 2003;Ramush Haradinaj;Bill Clinton;

State of the Environment Report 1997 – 1998

State of the Environment Report 1997 – 1998

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Keywords: Ecology in Albania;

goEast - 21st Festival of Central and Eastern European Film

goEast - 21. Festival des Mittel- und Osteuropäischen Films

Author(s): / Language(s): English,German

goEast - 15th Festival of Central and Eastern European Film

goEast - 15. Festival des mittel- und osteuropäischen Films

Author(s): Barbara Wurm,Olaf Möller / Language(s): English,German

Keywords: film;festival;catalogue;

goEast - 14th Festival of Central and Eastern European Film

goEast - 14. Festival des mittel- und osteuropäischen Films

Author(s): Margarete Wach,Moritz Pfeifer,Barbara Wurm / Language(s): English,German

Keywords: film;festival;catalogue;

goEast - 02nd Festival of Central and Eastern European Film

goEast - 02. Festival des mittel- und osteuropäischen Films

Author(s): Natascha Drubek / Language(s): English,German

Keywords: festival;catalogue;film;

goEast - 07th Festival of Central and Eastern European Film

goEast - 07. Festival des mittel- und osteuropäischen Films

Author(s): Hans-Joachim Schlegel,Bernd Buder,Pandeli Pani / Language(s): English,German

Keywords: festival;catalogue;film;

goEast - 08th Festival of Central and Eastern European Film

goEast - 08. Festival des mittel- und osteuropäischen Films

Author(s): Hans-Joachim Schlegel,Flóra Tálasi,Ulrich Gregor,Bernd Buder / Language(s): English,German

Keywords: festival;catalogue;film;

goEast - 11th Festival of Central and Eastern European Film

goEast - 11. Festival des mittel- und osteuropäischen Films

Author(s): Hans-Joachim Schlegel,Grit Lemke / Language(s): English,German

Keywords: festival;catalogue;film;

goEast - 12th Festival of Central and Eastern European Film

goEast - 12. Festival des mittel- und osteuropäischen Films

Author(s): Olaf Möller,Barbara Wurm / Language(s): English,German

Keywords: festival;catalogue;film;

UNDP - HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2014 – REPUBLIC of MOLDOVA. Good Corporate Citizens. Public and private Goals aligned for Human Development

UNDP - HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2014 – REPUBLIC of MOLDOVA. Good Corporate Citizens. Public and private Goals aligned for Human Development

Author(s): Adrian Lupuşor,Alexandru Fală,Dumitru Budianschi / Language(s): English

The 2014 National Human Development Report clearly shows that the role of the private sector in generating human development transcends that of a tax-payer and a creator of jobs, important though these contributions are. The report presents a thoroughly documented review of global and national experience to demonstrate how the private sector can play the role of catalyst for change by promoting new approaches, technologies, services and policy proposals. We trust these examples will inspire all of the many actors who have a part to play in this and help to drive further the efforts of the Moldovan business community to advance the modernization of the country. // The sustainable and inclusive development of Moldova in a way which benefits all people will occur only if Government, the private sector and society at large join efforts to achieve this goal. The 2014 report seeks to identify what can drive the private sector’s contributions to economic and social progress, what the obstacles are, and how an ecosystem conducive for stronger private–public development engagement can be attained. It provides a set of well-defined policy recommendations for all national actors, including central government and private companies, which we hope will continue the discussions started in the process of formulating the report.

Perceptions about taxation in Romania

Percepții despre fiscalitatea din România

Author(s): Bruno Stefan / Language(s): Romany

Keywords: Taxes and fees; fiscal controls; fiscal facilities; single VAT rate; public administration.

The paper presents the results of a sociological research carried out in Romania on a national sample of 1,104 subjects. The data was collected between 9-14 June 2022, and the research was funded by the Tax Pact. The paper presents data on Romanians' preferences for a stable tax code, for merging some taxes and simplifying tax legislation, for certain legislative measures and proposals for the economic recovery of the country, about the progressive tax and about the perception of fiscal administrations.

Refugees in Ukraine and the perception of war

Refugiații din Ucraina și percepția războiului

Author(s): Gabriel Lataianu,Marin Burcea,Bruno Stefan / Language(s): English

Keywords: refugees; immigrants; social distance.

The survey was conducted between March 9-20, 2022 on a sample of 800 people living in 220 urban and regional localities in all counties of Romania, with a statistical error of +/- 3.5%. He measured the attitude of Romanians towards refugees from Ukraine, but also from other geographical regions. Compared to the similar research in October 2021, there was a 25% increase in the favorable attitude towards refugees, and it is the highest increase among young people, those with higher education, employers, those living in very large cities. Romanians are favorable to the entry of refugees from Ukraine and hypothetically from Moldova, but more reluctant to those from Asia, Africa, Latin America or the Caucasus. Romanians’ self-esteem has significantly increased for the exemplary way in which their fellow citizens have been involved in helping refugees in Ukraine, although they are aware that there is a risk of upsetting the Russian Federation.