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Romanization of the western Illyricum from religious point of view

Romanization of the western Illyricum from religious point of view

Author(s): Nenad Cambi / Language(s): English / Issue: 42/2013

Nema jedinstvenog sustava religija na ilirskim područjima. Većina narodnosno i povijesno afirmiranih etnija imaju svoja vlastita međusobno znatno različita božanstva, a neki i razvijenije sustave. Tipičan primjer su Liburni i Delmati. Liburni su imali različita lokalna božanstva u najvažnijim naseljima (Nedinum, Corinum Asseria, Aenona itd.). Zajednička im je karakteristika da su to samo ženska božanstva koja se po vjerskom i ikonografskom sadržaju međusobno razlikuju. Po tome su Liburni srodni Histrima. Naprotiv, južni susjedni narod – Delmati imaju drugačiji, ali najrazvijeniji religijski sustav u kojemu su Silvan i Dijana glavna božanstva i koji je nastao na središnjem dalmatinskom prostoru u predrimskom razdoblju. Sastavni dijelovi te religije su Nimfe (Fontanae odnosno Silvestrae, tj. vodene, odnosno šumske), koje su pomoćnice i donositeljice različitih prirodnih pogodnosti i bogatstava. Ikonografija se Silvana razvila u Saloni i otud proširila na druge dijelove Dalmacije. U formiranju ikonografije ulogu je odigrao lik grčkog Pana koji je Silvanu samo sličan, ali ne i identičan. Italski Silvan, kako u religijskom sustavu, tako i ikonografskom obliku, nema nikakve veze s religijom u Dalmaciji. Posebno je važan natpis iz Klapavice blizu Klisa koji u rimski religijski sustav (Jupiter) uvodi dva Silvana s dvije različite skupine Nimfa. Dva Silvana s dvije skupine Nimfa javljaju se na reljefu iz Careva polja kod Jajca u Bosni i Hercegovini, što je potvrda klapavičkog natpisa. Nimfe nisu Dijanine nego Silvanove pomoćnice koje djeluju plešući na Silvanovu glazbu (siringa). One također imaju svoju božansku bit (numen). Pojavu Silvanove religije izvan središnjeg dalmatinskog dijela Ilirika treba tumačiti kao utjecaj toga područja. U unutrašnjosti rimske Dalmacije neki su narodi bili pod delmatskim utjecajem, a neki su razvili svoja lokalna božanstva, ali ne i sustave. U južnoj Dalmaciji, kako primorskoj, tako i unutrašnjoj, nema religijskog sustava, a predominira žensko božanstvo (Diana), bez pratnje Nimfa.

Forms of Communist Propaganda in electoral campaigns, 1946-1948.A case study: Cluj county

Forme ale propagandei comuniste în campaniile electorale din anii 1946-1948 Studiu de caz: judetul Cluj

Author(s): IOANA MARIA Cozma / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3-4/2010

Keywords: Communism; propaganda; manipulation; election campaign; women, peasantry; workmen; highbrows

Since its first days of existence in the Soviet Union, one of the top priorities of the new communist regime was to create a new man, as part of a larger process of reevaluation of all values, necessary in order to create a brand new world. To accomplish this task, the Communist Party used on a massive scale, for the first time in world history, the instrument of the propaganda. In Romania, a country in which the process of stalinisation started on the 6th of March 1945, the first post-war elections offered a good opportunity for the communist propaganda machine to test its effectiveness, taking in consideration the consequences of the results of these elections for the Romanian Communist Party. This article explores the problems, results, ways of action and manifestation of the then-borning communist propaganda, with the occasion of the first two general elections in Romania after the Second World War.

The founders of the Voroneţ Monastery

Ctitorii Voroneţului

Author(s): Maria Magdalena Székely / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2009

Transnistrian Faith

Destine transnistrene

Author(s): Vladimir Beşleagă / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 105-106/2003

Essay.

MATHIAS CASIMIRUS SARBIEVIJUS’ LECHIAS: SEARCH FOR THE SOURCES AND EPICAL TRADITION

MOTIEJAUS KAZIMIERO SARBIEVIJAUS LECHIADA: IMITACIJOS ŠALTINIAI IR EPINĖ TRADICIJA

Author(s): Eugenija Ulčinaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 3/2005

Three sources of imitation can be distinctly traced in Sarbievijus’ poem Lechias. One of the sources can be ascribed to the tradition of the epic poetry, especially, to the author’s adherence to Vergil’s Aeneid. The second source of imitation can be noted in the influence produced by the poetry of the Renaissance, when the loci communes, qualifying the antique poetry, used to be replenished by the attributes typifying the new times. The third and final influence was produced by the poetics and aesthetics of the Baroque, when the forms of verbal expression, filled with unexpected transformations, paradoxes and antitheses, held sway. Though Sarbievijus entered the history of literature first of all as a creator of the lyric poetry in Latin, his Lechias, though, testifies to the fact that he had also mastered the rules of the epic art, and that he had cherished the ambitions to create a heroic epic poem based on the history of Poland. The extant fragment of Sarbievijus’ poem Lechias sheds light on the development of the tradition of the antique epic poetry in Europe as well as on the influences and changes that tradition had undergone. Those influences and changes, on the other hand, had affected the movement of the poetic expression of the genres of the literature of the Baroque in Europe as well.

Antonyms, synonyms, analogies. A minimal vocabulary of Romanian language (with a translation into English)

Antonyms, synonyms, analogies. A minimal vocabulary of Romanian language (with a translation into English)

Author(s): Ileana Mureşanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: antonyms; synonyms; analogies

Book review

ToC

TURINYS

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): / Issue: 2/2015

Bringing the Formal Back In. Party Evolution in Kazakhstan

Bringing the Formal Back In. Party Evolution in Kazakhstan

Author(s): Diana Kudaibergenova / Language(s): / Issue: 2/2015

Party System Formation in Kazakhstan. Between Formal and Informal Politics by Rico Isaacs, 2011, London and New York: Routledge.

Contents

Contents

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): / Issue: 2/2014

CONTENTS

SUMAR - SOMMAIRE - CONTENTS – INHALT

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): / Issue: 1/2014

contentns of studia 1/2014

Role of Dowry in Marriage Contracts in Early Nineteenth Century Moldavia

Rolul zestrei în contractarea căsătoriei în Moldova primei jumătăţi a secolului al XIX-lea

Author(s): Elena Cozma / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2011

Keywords: dowry; marriage; divorce; trial; boyar.

The paper analyses, on the basis of documents (some of which unpublished ones) the role that dowry played in Moldavia in the first half of the nineteenth century. This is an interesting period, considering that society was impregnated with old traditions, oriental customs and at the same time new ideas. Novelty tries to find a place and leads to a clash between the old people, more conservatory, and the youth, coming back to the country from abroad, especially from France, where they had studied. The French language, which everybody being a member of the elite speaks, books, travels and contacts with the people coming to visit us are also ways to change mentalities, culture and daily life. Marriage remains however an element of the traditional sphere, even though it is marked by these new ideas. Dowry preserves its decisive role in the contractual engagement of a marriage, without exceptions, even in the situation when the two young persons love each other. The numerous appeals to court having dowry as the main topic of litigation and sometimes taking one whole decade lead us to these conclusions. From this point of view, the archives of the local judicial courts or courts of appeals provide several generous opportunities of information. The documents reveal that marriage is marked by tradition and dowry plays the same role as it had played the previous century, i.e. this is the guarantee of a good marriage. Many of the documents refer to the woman’s dowry, and not to what men used to receive from their parents on that occasion. The sources regarding the dowry are preserved at the National Archives and more than 95% of them are inventories of the assets that women received from their parents on the occasion of marriage. The inventories are made starting with properties, silverware, jewellery, to livestock and cattle, to lines, clothes or even to Gypsy slaves. An interesting aspect is that the judicial regime allowed for the husband to administrate his wife’s dowry assets in her name and to even get these goods in case of a divorce or of his wife’s death. The married woman could not renounce for good a part of her dowry without her husband’s agreement. He could administrate the dowry, spend the profit and other resulting incomes, but he had no right on the initial capital. That fact that dowry, wealth and social position played an important role in contractual marriage in the Romanian society in general and particularly in the Moldavian one did not exclude marriage for love. However, many of the couple lived happily even if their marriage had been made for financial reasons; they realized that dowry could not be the guarantee of happiness.

THE 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES AND COUNTERACTION WAYS: BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH

Provocările secolului al XXI-lea şi modalităţi de contracarare: armele biologice şi cercetările de biologie moleculară

Author(s): Lucia Elena Ionescu,Nicoleta Simona Bicheru / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2013

Keywords: biological weapons; biological agents; molecular biology; viruses; bacteria

The biological weapons are a real threat in the contemporary period and are considered one of the main means of mass destruction, because of the seriousness disease that they can cause and epidemic or pandemic extension. The medico-military scientific research in the domain of protection against biological weapons directs and coordinates the national effort in order to maintain the health of the forces, population, animals, plants and surrounding environment. Although pathogenic biological agents can be used as biological weapons with destructive effects, means of prevention, diagnosis and treatment are insufficient. Therefore, measures of counteraction should be taken that aimed at improving preparedness and response to bioterrorist attacks. Military Medical Research Centre (MMRC) has a permanent concern for fast implementation of rapid strategies allowing it the development of effective diagnostic capabilities and response to potential threats with bioterrorist agents. It has the needed expertise to develop working protocols for the collection, transport processing, analysis (detection, identification and confirmation) of biological agents (bacteria and viruses) by molecular biology techniques

The "Social Mobility and Modernization in the Twentieth Century in Eastern Europe"

Proiectul „Social Mobility and Modernization in the twentieth Century in Eastern Europe”

Author(s): Octavian Munteanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1-2/2013

Keywords: social mobility;

The Red Hydra: the expulsion of King Michael of Romania from the country in December 1990

Hidra Roşie: Expulzarea Regelui Mihai din Țară în decembrie 1990

Author(s): Diana Mandache / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 28/2016

Keywords: post-communism, King Michael of Romania; Romanian royal family; Crown Princess Margareta; royalty

The Red Hydra: King Michael’s banishment from Romania, in December 1990 presents an analysis of the events that unfurled in the night of 25 December 1990, when King Michael of Romania arrived in his home country for the first time after an exile of 42 years. The new political power in Bucharest, which came after the fall of communism, was still very much acting and following the instincts of the Securitate, the communist political police, and moved swiftly to expel the king and his companions from Romania in the hours after they arrived

Age rounding and social status in Noricum

Age rounding and social status in Noricum

Author(s): Loredana Pricop / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: age rounding;Noricum;unrounded ages;rounded ages;Whipple’s Index;legal status;

This survey concerns the age rounding process in the Latin epitaphs of Noricum. In the first part of the study we analysed the age rounding process differentiated by gender, the data obtained being compared with the existing ones from the other Danubian provinces. The second part concerns the age rounding process differentiated in terms of legal status by using Whipple’s Index. The proportion of rounded ages–unrounded ages is overwhelming for both female and male population in Noricum. In terms of legal status, the peregrini/ae features the category with the highest tendency towards rounded digits followed by citizens (male and female) and soldiers.

Considerations regarding the genesis, the evolution and the spreading of some monasteries villages in Iaşi (II)

Considerații cu privire la geneza, evoluția şi aria de răspândire a unor sate mănăstireşti din ținutul Iaşi (II)

Author(s): Alexandr Furtuna / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: monastery; lord; village; boyar; individual owner; villager; estate; beneficence

In the present study, based on edited papers, some aspects of the genesis problem have been investigated, the evolution and the spreading of some monastic villages in the Iasi region. Thus, we have found that most of the monastery localities are lordly or boyar, less often individual property. The monastic villages were spread on both sides of the Prut River and its tributaries on the right and on the left. Monastic property, had to some extent a compact character. This was dictated by the need for efficient administration. The economy of the monastery villages, as well as other categories of villages, based on the natural household. Thus, the monastery villages were structured in the following way: the hearth of the village, tilled land, the field, grazing ground, the forest, lake, place for apiary, apiary, the mill etc. The work of the inhabitants of a monastery village was organized and watched by the representative of the monastery in the local administration. Disputes over some issues related to the breaking the boundaries of the monastery property, as well as the status of the monastery neighbors, could only be resolved with the involvement of the lord of the Country of Moldova.

THE 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES AND COUNTERACTION WAYS: BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH

THE 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES AND COUNTERACTION WAYS: BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH

Author(s): Lucia Elena Ionescu,Nicoleta Simona Bicheru / Language(s): English / Issue: 46/2013

Keywords: biological weapons; biological agents; molecular biology; viruses; bacteria;

The biological weapons are a real threat in the contemporary period and are considered one of the main means of mass destruction, because of the seriousness disease that they can cause and epidemic or pandemic extension. The medicomilitary scientific research in the domain of protection against biological weapons directs and coordinates the national effort in order to maintain the health of the forces, population, animals, plants and surround¬ing environment. Although pathogenic biological agents can be used as biological weapons with destructive effects, means of prevention, diagnosis and treatment are insufficient. Therefore, measures of counteraction should be taken that aimed at improving preparedness and response to bioterrorist attacks. Military Medical Research Centre (MMRC) has a permanent concern for fast implementation of rapid strategies allowing it the development of effective diagnostic capabilities and response to potential threats with bioterrorist agents. It has the needed expertise to develop working protocols for the collection, transport, processing, analysis (detection, identification and confirmation) of biological agents (bacteria and viruses) by molecular biology techniques.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORPHEMATIC STATUS AND ON THE PARSING OF THE ROMANIAN FINAL VOWEL –Ă IN COMMON NOUNS FORMED THROUGH MOTIONAL DERIVATION

OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORPHEMATIC STATUS AND ON THE PARSING OF THE ROMANIAN FINAL VOWEL –Ă IN COMMON NOUNS FORMED THROUGH MOTIONAL DERIVATION

Author(s): Diana-Maria Roman / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: morphematic status; motional derivation; lexical-grammatical morpheme; parsing; derivational suffix; flective; root; radical;

Observations on the Morphematic Status and on the Parsing of the Romanian Final Vowel –ă in Common Nouns Formed through Motional Derivation. This study represents the result of research on the morphology of the contemporary Romanian language and concerns the situations in which the final vowel –ă appears in the flexible lexical-grammatical classes specific to this language system. It focuses, in particular, on primary common nouns and on common nouns formed through motional derivation. In all of these cases, the morphematic category of –ă has been determined. As regards the nouns obtained through motional derivation, in order to ensure the compatibility between its morphematic status and the parsing of the lexemes in which the final vowel –ă appears, only one of three possible parsing versions has been chosen as valid. In the case of the other two, the ones “not accepted”, their “procedural errors” have been highlighted. This study has proved that, in the class of common nouns, there are two instances of motional derivation in which -ă appears at the end of the lexemes, bearing the common name of a lexical-grammatical morpheme: when this speech segment is both a derivational suffix and a desinence-flective, coinciding with both throughout its entire length; when the same speech segment is both an allomorph of the derivational suffix and a desinence-flective, coinciding only with the flective throughout its entire length. Thus, in these contexts, by simultaneously focusing on the morphematic status and on parsing, we have reached the conclusion that: at the level of the name, the final -ă plays a cumulative role, as it cumulates two opposable types of content, namely lexical and grammatical, while at the speech level, it plays a decumulative role, the final vowel -ă being forced to occur in both positions in parsing: to the left, next to the root, as a motionally derived suffix, and to the right, as a desinence-flective, so as to do justice to this name.

Rehabilitation and refunctionalization of a former Saxon household, Archita, Mureș

Reabilitarea și refuncționalizarea unei foste gospodării săsești, Archita, Mureș

Author(s): Diana Apetroaie,Ștefania Chițu,Teodora Idu,Cristina Constantin,Cosmin Pavel / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: vernacular heritage; rural; architectural conservation and restoration; architectural education; bachelor’s project;

The development of the graduation project was a novelty of the last years for the Conservation and Restoration section in Sibiu of the Faculty of Architecture within UAUIM. Based on a series of observations of the evaluation committee, this year, the essential difference consists in the possibility of a wide choice. Thus, the students in the last year of studies were given a double choice: one regarding the tutoring team and another regarding the actual subject of the study (previously both the tutoring team the project were imposed). Also, the size of the heritage house to be worked on was limited to around 200, maximum 300sqm to facilitate the possibility of a more detailed study of what is existing and the development of a project as detailed as possible. It should also be noted that within the three-year bachelor’s program, working for the diploma and dissertation project happens in parallel with the activity of the sixth semester, taking theoretical classes, doing practical work, passing the exams during the summer session and afterwards, eventually being able to complete their diploma project during the summer. The presentation takes place in mid-September for the first session and in February for the second session.