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Responses to ´Deter and Engage: Making the Case for Harmel 2.0 as NATO´s New Strategy´

Responses to ´Deter and Engage: Making the Case for Harmel 2.0 as NATO´s New Strategy´

Author(s): Ondřej Ditrych,Łukasz Kulesa,Irina Kobrinskaya,Ulrich Kühn,Ulrich Kühnen / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: Nato

The Harm in Harmel: What the Transatlantic Alliance Needs is a New Containment, Ondřej Ditrych Engage with Russia? Sure, Just Don’t Throw the European Security Order under the Bus! Łukasz Kulesa “Deter and Engage”: A New NATO Strategy for Taming Russia, Irina Kobrinskaya More Realism, Please! A Reply to Ditrych, Kulesa and Kobrinskaya, Ulrich Kühn

On pseudonymous politics: regarding implicit and explicit misconceptions of democracy

On pseudonymous politics: regarding implicit and explicit misconceptions of democracy

Author(s): Peter Sloterdijk / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: democracy;post-truth; populism; pseudonism; authenticity; Europe; United States of America;

Outline: On Pseudonism in Genera, lDemocracy as Code-Word for Oligocracy, The Fiscocratic Dynamic of Democracy, Masses and Power: the Mobocratic Element, The Phobocratic Continuum

Innocence; or, murder on steep street, Heda Margolius Kovály

Innocence; or, murder on steep street, Heda Margolius Kovály

Author(s): Heda Margolius Kovály,Ivan Margolius / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Keywords: review;

Review of the Kovály's book 'Innocence; or, murder on steep street'

Writing Kafka’s soul: disciplinary power, resistance & the authorship of the subject

Writing Kafka’s soul: disciplinary power, resistance & the authorship of the subject

Author(s): Nicholas Dungey / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: Kafka;Foucault; author function; subjectivity; writing; disciplinary power; literature;

Who is the real Kafka? What do his writings really mean? These are the questions that have dominated Kafka scholarship, which has predominantly focused on issues of the author’s identity and the meaning of his writings. As the heirs of a modern metaphysics that posits the existence of an objectively rational and free subject, we – including many Kafka scholars– have generally assumed that there is a true self, that reason enables access to universally verifiable knowledge, and that this subject presupposes and authorizes the works of knowledge, art, and cultural productions that bears the subject’s name. It is time to ask, however, whether the metaphysical approach to Kafka and his writings obscured more than it has illuminated? What if, instead, we abandon the metaphysical search for the true Kafka?There is now an emerging postmodern account of Kafka’s subjectivity and the dynamic, discursive relationship between the construction of his subjectivity and the production of his writings. Utilizing Foucault’s interrogation of metaphysical subjectivity, I investigate Kafka’s voluminous letters and diaries as the effects of disciplinary power and the vehicles through which resistance to this power is pressed into the service of aesthetic self-creation.

Investigating (Im)politeness in online forums between English speakers and English as a foreign language learners

Investigating (Im)politeness in online forums between English speakers and English as a foreign language learners

Author(s): Mohammad Alipour,Soroor Tajfar / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: (Im)Politeness; disagreement; English as a foreign language learners; interactional and discursive approach; online forum;

This study investigated the use of (im)politeness and disagreement in online discussion forums among English speakers and English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. It also explored how internet forum browsers judge (im)politeness and parameters of relational work ((in)appropriateness and negatively/positively marked behaviour) in disagreement. Three hundred and sixty disagreement responses were analysed following a list of disagreement strategies. The most frequent strategy applied by English speakers was 'making scornful and humiliating statements', while EFL learners used 'showing unmitigated disagreement' and 'showing smileys' as the highest and lowest ones. Most of the strategies used by English speakers were judged as polite and appropriate, but neither negatively nor positively marked, while 13 types of EFL strategies were considered as polite, but neither appropriate and positively marked nor inappropriate and negatively marked. Further, the three parameters had positive relationships with one another. This study provides worthwhile information for improving teaching communication skills in EFL courses.

Generic Worldviews: Idyll, Litany, Sonnet

Gatunkowe obrazy świata: sielanka, litania, sonet

Author(s): Witold Sadowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: generic worldview; lingustic worldview; genre; idyll; litany;sonnet;

In this essay the term “worldview” is understood, according to German tradition, both as a Weltbild, or ‘world picture,’ and Lebensanschauung, or ‘outlook on life’. The article describes the analogies between generic worldview and linguistic worldview, taking into account their two properties, namely formal conservatism, and selectivity. Subsequently, genres whose worldviews expand beyond the level of linguistic expressibility are discussed on the example of the idyll and litany, i.e. poetic conventions which inspired their own painting and musical traditions. The article concludes with considerations on the sonnet as a convention that, nowadays, is regarded as emblematic for the lack of ideological commitment. However, as the author of the paper argues, in the initial period, the sonnet might have also been equipped with its own generic worldview.

REAL EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATE DYNAMICS IN MOROCCO: EXPLORING BALASSA-SAMUELSON EFFECT UNDER CAPITAL ACCOUNT LIBERALIZATION

REAL EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATE DYNAMICS IN MOROCCO: EXPLORING BALASSA-SAMUELSON EFFECT UNDER CAPITAL ACCOUNT LIBERALIZATION

Author(s): Ezzahid Elhadj,Maouhoub Brahim / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: real effective exchange rate; Balassa-Samuelson effect; relative productivities; relative prices; Morocco;

This paper discusses the sources of real effective exchange rate appreciation in Morocco as a small developing economy that opens its market to international economies. The stylized facts show a downward tendency of real effective exchange rate from 2000Q1 to 2019Q4. The question is to explain how real effective exchange rate appreciation occurs during the period of economic transition and convergence. Theoretically, we refer to the Balassa-Samuelson effect according to which the real exchange rate appreciation is a result of faster relative productivities. We refer to Balassa (1964) and Samuelson (1964) and to some recent working papers in order to formulate an adequate model for Moroccan case. Our objective is to explain how domestic and foreign factors affect real effective exchange rate through the productivity gap between tradable sector and non-tradable sector. The results show that an increase in trade openness rate, in weight of US dollar in Moroccan dirham’s basket currencies, in tradable production, in foreign tradable capital stock, in foreign tradable factors’ output elasticity and in domestic wage level, results in real exchange rate appreciation (deterioration in external competitiveness). Meanwhile, an increase in domestic labor output elasticity, in labor force and capital transfers to tradable sector, in foreign non-tradable capital stock and in foreign non-tradable factors’ output elasticity, results in real exchange rate depreciation (amelioration in external competitiveness).

CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEORY OF CHRISTIAN PEDAGOGY: PRAYER AS AN AGENT OF SOCIAL - PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH

PRILOZI TEORIJI HRIŠĆANSKE PEDAGOGIJE: MOLITVA KAO AGENS SOCIJALNO – PSIHOLOŠKOG RAZVOJA DECE I MLADIH

Author(s): Sergej Beuk / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 35/2021

Keywords: child; prayer; Christ; Church; development; Christian Pedagogy

In this study, author wishes to emphasize theoretical relations between secular and Christian pedagogy, field which is not enough researched in our society. Academic roots of contemporary Christian pedagogy can be found in Holly Scriptures teaching. This discipline than continues its growth following other scientific disciplines such as personal psychology, development psychology, psychology of pedagogy, general psychology, didactics and others. For Christian educators, Christ is an anthropological aim, but neglecting of scientific research results leads undoubtedly into dogmatization and doctrinaire digression of both Christian educators and Christian pedagogy in totality. Author underlines that the prayer is that discipline of the mind that has double educational effect: free research of ones needs through specific form of communication and ones direction through prayer, both by the parent and educator, aiming to develop new capabilities and habits of a child. The Church today has a task to educate the Young in present times, understanding their needs and aspires, which is not at all an easy job.

Divergence in History: The Different Impact of Contemporary Events on Slovakian and Hungarian Political Thinking

Szétfejlődés a történelem sodrásában. A legújabb kori történelmi események eltérő hatása a szlovák és a magyar politikai gondolkodásra

Author(s): István Kollai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2020

An interdisciplinary research program of political science and history addresses the question, to which extent historical events determine the evolution of a given community’s political culture. Present study approaches this issue by comparing 20th-century Hungarian and Slovak history and political thinking. From the analysis it can be seen that the idea of national (community) emancipation and individual emancipation were often confronted with each other, and this divide was further reinforced by the cultural cleavage between traditionalism and modernism. In contrast, in Slovak political thinking, the national and individual agendas of the emancipation of society were intertwined, moreover, the “national thought” found allies in the representatives of modernism. Thus, cleavages within Slovak politics did not deepen in the way that can be observed in the Hungarian case. However, the peculiar development of the Slovak political culture has led to weak ideological schemes to be followed by the voters and to form political preferences, which results in a fluid and unstable political structure.

Between Government Dowry and Electoral Volatility: The Dynamics of Romanian Party System, 1919-1933

ÎNTRE ZESTREA GUVERNAMENTALĂ ŞI VOLATILITATEA ELECTORALĂ: DINAMICA SISTEMULUI DE PARTIDE DIN ROMÂNIA, 1919 – 1933

Author(s): Viviana Movileanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: electoral volatility; party system; political parties; Pedersen index;

A key concept in the analysis of the institutionalization of the party systems within the Western democracies, the electoral volatitly is the main indicator around which we will build the analysis of the parties’ system in Romania, between 1919 and 1933. This indicator measures the instability of the intention of vot, and is the criteria by which a parties system is considered stable or instable, respectively. During the years between the two World Wars, authors like Marcel Ivan or Matei Dogan, present the concept with another name, that of „government dowry”. In order to highlight the value of the concept suggested by the Romanian authors in the inter-war period, we will follow, from a comparative perspective, a many sided issue with lots of connections, such as the electoral reforms, the difference between the elective party system and the parliamentary party system. All these characteristics determine a higher or lower degree of electoral volatility.

The Role Of Kate In Goldsmith’s She Stoops To Conquer: An Analytical Approach

The Role Of Kate In Goldsmith’s She Stoops To Conquer: An Analytical Approach

Author(s): Hassan Mariwan N. / Language(s): English / Issue: 14/2020

Keywords: England; Restoration Drama; Comedy of Manner; Marlow & Kate;

This research is about Kate’s role in play She Stoops to Conquer, which was written by Oliver Goldsmith in 1773 in England. It is a comedy play which consists of some ethical themes. In this play, women’s role and rights are focused on, in the eighteenth century in a patriarchal society and also it talks about the relation between women and their reflection in English Literature.The purpose of this research is to analyze Kate's role, whether she has a good role or not and how does she play her part. Kate generally has a good role in this play, considering all the abnormalities, eventually she could resolve, helping others, and achieves her own ambitions. Thenthe role women played in the eighteenth century will be explored. An Analytical Approach has been used to analyse the play.

Recent Trauma Narratives: Commemorating Terrorist Attacks in Everyday Cityscape

Narracje o świeżej traumie. Upamiętnianie ataków terrorystycznych w krajobrazie codziennym miast

Author(s): Anna Awtuch,Agnieszka GĘBCZYŃSKA-JANOWICZ / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 65/2020

Keywords: architecture; trauma; urban landscape; commemoration; terrorism; grief;

Contemporary city incidentally becomes a non-accidental target of acts violating the primary sense of security and safety. The fundamental assumptions about social and interpersonal interactions that guarantee social life are severely disturbed. These events, primarily the ones related to terrorist attacks, leave in social memory traces associated with everyday places scattered in urban landscape. Should the trace of a catastrophe be preserved and exhibited, or should it be interpreted to give a new meaning to endangered places? What significance can one attribute to trauma narratives in everyday landscape? To what extent can spatial and ephemeral narratives related to dramatic events address the social need of coping with trauma and constructing a new approach to a given place? Spontaneous and official commemorative forms are created in response to terrorist attacks in Europe and the U.S.A. Official memorials are created over just a few years and sometimes even one year, which corresponds to a natural closure of mourning process leading to the acceptance of loss and reconstructing life. However, other representations – spontaneous memorials created in the aftermath of attacks, composed of objects left in urban space to honour victims and survivors – become an important element of collective mourning ritual and constitute a transition from informal commemoration to top-down representations. The article discusses how different forms of trauma narratives constructed in urban space can enhance trauma recovery.

Unconventional libraries in Romania

Biblioteci neconvenționale din România

Author(s): Liana Elena Florea,Robert Coravu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 22-23/2019

Keywords: servicii de bibliotecă;biblioteci neconvenționale;biblioteci alternative;biblioteci insolite;biblioteci stradale;biblioteci mobile;minibiblioteci;România;

Bibliotecile neconvenționale au apărut ca urmare a inițiativelor unor persoane fizice, ONG-uri sau altor tipuri de organizații cu scopul de a facilita accesul la lectură într-un context diferit de cel tradițional, instituțional. De cele mai multe ori, este vorba de biblioteci cu acces public constituite din colecții de cărți tipărite, destinate împrumutului, puse la dispoziție în spații neconvenționale (în cafenele, mall-uri, hoteluri, în aer liber etc.) sau în mod itinerant. Funcția lor principală nu este aceea de a-și conserva colecțiile, ci de a le face mai accesibile și mai atractive pentru utilizatori. Bibliotecile neconvenționale pot constitui o alternativă pentru colecțiile și serviciile bibliotecilor convenționale dar și o soluție singulară, atunci când se adresează unor categorii de utilizatori defavorizați din punct de vedere al accesului la biblioteci convenționale. Autorii propun o împărțire a bibliotecilor neconvenționale în trei categorii - biblioteci organizate în spații neconvenționale, biblioteci mobile și minibiblioteci - și prezintă exemple de biblioteci neconvenționale din România.

A Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Interactions between European and Indonesian Cocoa Markets during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and the 2011 European Debt Crisis

A Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Interactions between European and Indonesian Cocoa Markets during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and the 2011 European Debt Crisis

Author(s): Mukhlis Mukhlis,M. Shabri Abd Majid,Sofyan Syahnur,Musrizal Musrizal,Nova Nova / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: cocoa market; CPI; exchange rate; oil price; economic crisis

This study empirically explores the dynamic interactions between the European and Indonesian cocoa markets during the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) and the 2011 European debt crisis (EDC) using a battery of time series approaches of cointegration and multivariate Granger causality. The study documented a long-run equilibrium between the European and Indonesian cocoa markets, implying a reciprocal relationship. However, an inefficient adjustment transmission in the Indonesian cocoa prices was recorded throughout the study. The US currency constantly influenced Indonesian cocoa prices, while cocoa markets were independent of fluctuations in world oil prices. Overall, the study recorded a different level of the speed of adjustment of short-run imbalances to long-run equilibrium in the domestic cocoa market across economic crises.

Pedagogical Translation as a Facilitating Vehicle to Learn Motion Predicates in Typologically Different Languages

La traducción pedagógica como vehículo entre lenguas tipológicamente diferentes

Author(s): Sandra Guerrero García / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 19/2020

Keywords: pedagogical translation; contrastive analysis; SLA;

Despite the fact that Talmy proposed a classification of languages according to their lexicalization patterns and the fact that a considerable amount of time has passed, there are still no didactic tools that facilitate the language students’ acquisition of necessary mechanisms for descriptions of movements in second languages. Starting from previous researches of diverse authors where the difficulty and the absence of knowledge on the part of the student at the time of codifying the movement is verified, this work highlights the activities that use pedagogical translation as a facilitating vehicle for the learning of movement of English-speaking students of Spanish, with the purpose of avoiding the repetition of errors and being applicable to any language.

The meaning of the land as a central element in the capitalist modernization of Chilean agriculture

The meaning of the land as a central element in the capitalist modernization of Chilean agriculture

Author(s): Eduardo Andrés Villavicencio Pinto / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2020

Keywords: Capitalist modernization; meanings; rural land; biographies; individual property;

The capitalist modernization of agriculture in Chile involved the structural modification of the land tenure system and the promotion of an agro-exporting business class. This type of development implemented by the military dictatorship has been consolidated during the democratic governments. In this context, the objective of this study is to identify those elements that facilitated this hegemony, through a qualitative analysis of biographies, backgrounds, contexts and personal relationships of peasant families, agricultural business owners, and rural politicians. The results indicate that there would be a historical continuity regarding the meaning that both peasants and business owners have given to the land. For both groups, rural land is associated with individual and private use, which would have cancelled out peasant resistance and facilitated capitalist consolidation. In this sense, on the one hand, the substantive element in the construction of meaning would depend on the proprietary individualism rooted in the biographies and not on the social category, while on the other hand, it is possible to notice that the economic processes are highly receptive to significant constructions.

The Material from Which a Permanent Altar Can Be Made According to Universal and Particular Church Law

Materiał, z którego może być wykonany ołtarz stały, według prawa kościelnego powszechnego i partykularnego

Author(s): Jerzy Adamczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: altar; mensa; Code of Canon Law; canon 1236; episcopal conference;

This article discusses Church regulations concerning the material from which a permanent altar can be made. The first part presents the proscriptions of the Code of Canon Law, the second part deals with liturgical regulations, and the third part is devoted to complementary provisions issued by episcopal conferences.

Beyond the Music of Words: From the “Sound of Loneliness” to the “Resonance of Love” in Haruki Murakami's Literature

Beyond the Music of Words: From the “Sound of Loneliness” to the “Resonance of Love” in Haruki Murakami's Literature

Author(s): Maria Grajdian / Language(s): English / Issue: 31/2017

Keywords: music and literature; Norwegian Wood; The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle; 1Q84;

This paper analyzes musical elements in Murakami’s novels as a means to construct a late-modern form of “artistic syncretism”, while taking into account the stress ratio between the popular reception of Murakami’s literature and the critical rejection it faces coming from the literary establishment in Japan, on the one hand, and the subtle tension between the contents and the formal tackling of that very contents, on the other hand. A detailed analysis of the intrinsic entanglements between literature and music in Murakami’s novels reveals a latent progression from the employment of musical elements as a formal decorum in his early works (e.g., Norwegian Wood or South of the Border, West of the Sun) to the gradually organic integration of musical structures in the polyphonic design of his novels (e.g., The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle or Kafka on the Shore), with the climactic 1Q84 attaining symphonic dimensions both in the discursive practice and in the architectural construction.

CONSTRUCTIVE PREREQUISITES FOR SENSE AND EXPLANATORY WORLDS IN LUCIAN BLAGAʼS APHORISMS

PREMISAS CONSTRUCTIVAS DEL SENTIDO Y DE LOS MUNDOS EXPLICATIVOS EN LOS AFORISMOS DE LUCIAN BLAGA

Author(s): Cristian Pașcalău / Language(s): Spanish / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: language; linguistic creativity; universe of discourse; philosophic sense; poetic sense; explanatory worlds; metaphor; aphorism;

Constructive Prerequisites for Sense and Explanatory Worlds in Lucian Blagaʼs Aphorisms. The main purpose of this study is to tackle Lucian Blagaʼs aphorisms by emphasizing the generative strategies involved in the construction of both philosophical or poetic sense and explanatory worlds. If we are to integrate aphorisms within the typological frame of texts, according to Mircea Borcilăʼs proposals, it will be imperative to take into account both their formal peculiarities and, much more importantly, the elements that converge towards their sense creation. In connection with Eugenio Coseriuʼs universes of discourse theory, Blagaʼs aphorisms project two different levels of sense and typological finalities, namely the level of philosophical thought, which underlies the apophantic logos, and the level of creative phantasy, which underlies the poetic logos. However, as we talk about a special prototype of text, we are able to grasp a mixture of universes of discourse and, implicitly, of both their corresponding finalities and strategies through which philosophical or poetic sense is generated. In theory, the hybrid form of some aphorisms reveals their synthetic nature, which coagulates two complementary zones of auctorial consciousness within the same level of discourse, undoubtedly interconnecting creative imprints.

NARRATIVE LANGUAGE AND POSSIBLE WORLDS IN POSTMODERN FICTION. A BORDERLINE STUDY OF IAN McEWAN’S THE CHILD IN TIME

NARRATIVE LANGUAGE AND POSSIBLE WORLDS IN POSTMODERN FICTION. A BORDERLINE STUDY OF IAN McEWAN’S THE CHILD IN TIME

Author(s): Adriana Diana Urian / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: possible worlds; possible-world semantics; narrative worlds; fictional worlds; narrative language; fiction; postmodern fiction; fictional characters;

Narrative Language and Possible Worlds in Postmodern Fiction. A Borderline Study of Ian McEwan’s The Child in Time. The present paper is a study of more traditional hermeneutics combined with a tinge of possible world modality, with the purpose of creating a thorough picture of narrative worlds and balancing it against the possible world system, with practical applications onto postmodern fiction, in Ian McEwan’s novel The Child in Time. The article focuses on exposing narrative language, worlds and characters, viewing them through Seymour Chatman’s perspective and slightly counterbalancing this approach with the possible world semantics system (as envisioned by Kripke, Lewis, Nolan, Putnam) for a diverse understanding of the inner structure and functioning of narrative text and fictional worlds.