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Understanding present- day Romanian reality through the historical evidence presented by the caricatures of Gura Satului satirical magazine

Understanding present-day Romanian reality through the Historical evidence presented by the caricatures of Gura Satului satirical magazine

Author(s): Claudia Bucura / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2013

Keywords: Gura Satului; caricatures; satirical press; Transiylvania;

The present paper aims at giving an insight on the fact that the history of a nation undoubtedly records the mirroring of its past into its present. Thus ,one cannot clearly understand the social and historical peculiarities of a certain people without thoroughly analyzing its past.

The concept of parody

The concept of parody

Author(s): Andreea Seucan / Language(s): / Issue: 09/2015

Keywords: Law No.8/1996; Directive 2001/29/CE; Judgement of the Court of Justice of the European Union - C-201/13

The scientific paper focuses on possible meanings of the concept of parody, by using as framework Law No.8/1996 on copyright and neighboring rights, but especiallly in the perspective of the European Union Law (Directive No. 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society and the Judgement of the Court (Grand Chamber) of Justice of the European Union of 3 September 2014-Case C-201/13.

The mutual influence of the joke and the internet meme: the causes and features

Взаимовлияние анекдота и интернет-мема: причины и особенности

Author(s): Valentin Berezhnoi / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: Joke; internet meme; folklore; postfolklor; the dynamics of the functioning; visualization of the joke; verbalization of the internet meme

The article analyses the causes and features of the mutual influence of the joke and the internet meme as genres of the postfolklore and internet folklore. It indicates some objects and features of the visualization of the joke in the internet meme. The similarities of the joke and the internet meme are marked (at the level of the memetics, the culture of laughter and the postfolklore), the advantages and disadvantages of these genres are defined and compared with each other in an oral existence and on the internet. The article analyses the characteristics of compensatory trends of the internet memes: their joint review and oral retelling (verbalization). Work allows a better understanding of the dynamics of functioning of the genre of the modern folklore.

OLD-NEW ENEMIES IN HUNGARIAN AND YUGOSLAV CARICATURES AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR (1945–1947)

OLD-NEW ENEMIES IN HUNGARIAN AND YUGOSLAV CARICATURES AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR (1945–1947)

Author(s): Ágnes Tamás / Language(s): English / Issue: 28/2017

Keywords: Caricatures; Hungarian and Yugoslav comic papers; depiction of the enemy; propaganda.

In this paper I analyse caricatures of Hungarian and Yugoslav comic papers (Jež, Ludas Matyi, Új Szó, and Pesti Izé) between 1945 and 1947. I chose this source since the analysis of caricatures can demonstrate the functioning of communist propaganda. After the presentation of sources and goals of the paper, I analyse the depiction of war criminals, the perception of democracy and the Western states, and the representation of democrats and German enemies within the country in Hungary. Then I analyse the depiction of the self of the communists and finally, before the conclusions, the Peace Treaty of Paris in caricatures. The analysed propaganda caricatures documented well the views and propaganda methods of the Communist Parties regarding the above-mentioned topics.

Journalistic genre as a conditional determinant of a journalistic work. Selected legal aspects. Part III

Gatunek dziennikarski jako determinanta odpowiedzialności dziennikarza. Wybrane aspekty prawne. Część trzecia

Author(s): Jacek Sobczak,Ksenia Kakareko / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: allowed criticism;negative assessment;satire;caricature;photo montage;memes

Permitted criticism being a result of reviews, journalistic polemics and in opinions and business characteristics does not constitute defamation. It must, however, meet the law and be consistent with social norms. Suppression of criticism is being regarded as an offense under article 44, paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Act of the Press Law. The limits of the legality of criticism are set out in the article 41 of the Act. All satirical forms and caricatures remain under the protection of the Press Law. Violation of the limits of the legality of satire causes liability for the infringement of personal rights.

On the Links between Caricatures and Animated Films in Communist Eastern Europe

On the Links between Caricatures and Animated Films in Communist Eastern Europe

Author(s): Ülo Pikkov / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2017

Keywords: Animated Film; Communist history; caricature;

This article analyses and maps the links between caricature and animated film, as well as their development during the post-World War II era, in communist Eastern Europe. The article also deals with the specific nature of animation production under the conditions of political censorship and the utilisation of Aesopian language as an Eastern European phenomenon for outmanoeuvring censorship.

A Structural Study on the Image of the Turk in the British Caricatures

A Structural Study on the Image of the Turk in the British Caricatures

Author(s): Evrim Ulusan Öztürkmen / Language(s): English / Issue: 91/2017

Keywords: Turk; line; image; British caricature; structuralism;

The main tool of the caricature is the “line”. The line on its own, the characteristics of the line such as being horizontal, vertical, or diagonal and its figural characteristics such as being circular, curved, diagonal, or zig-zag create different associations and semantic fields in the mind. While the line in the caricature is processed with such tools as color, texture, shadow and perspective, it creates a discourse consisting of verbal and visual patterns. In this research, the following questions were sought to be answered by examining six cartoons published in England in the magazine Punch during World War I: What kind of image of the Turk do the lines in the England caricatures create? What kind of relationship is there between the visual content and the verbal content of the caricature? What are the concepts that make up the positive and negative contents of the images of the Turk?

Lidija Bencetić, Komunizam u slici [Communism in image], (Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest, 2017)

Lidija Bencetić, Komunizam u slici [Communism in image], (Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest, 2017)

Author(s): Lidija Bencetić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Summary of the book in English (Lidija Bencetić, Komunizam u slici [Communism in image], (Zagreb:Hrvatski institut za povijest, 2017))

Bureaucracy as a Necessary Evil: Representations of the Corrupt Bureaucrat in the Caricatures Published in the Romanian Press in the Late 1940s and 50s

Bureaucracy as a Necessary Evil: Representations of the Corrupt Bureaucrat in the Caricatures Published in the Romanian Press in the Late 1940s and 50s

Author(s): Cristina Barbu / Language(s): English / Issue: III/2017

Keywords: bureaucracy; communism; propaganda; caricature; press;

The Romanian communist regime used the press and the new centralized and controlled media system as the main propaganda tool, both to manipulate information, and to shape the beliefs, mentalities and behaviours. In this complex and mix of ideological instruments, an interesting place is occupied by the caricature. The drawing was used as an easier form to manipulate and which, through its artistic appearance, touch the emotional sphere, so it was considered as being more effective by having a stronger effect than the written texts. One of the subjects of the caricatures in the 50's, the bureaucrat, occupies a distinct place, being seen as a necessary evil, which must be controlled. Although it is placed next to the other enemies of the regime and considered corrupt, the bureaucrat is acknowledged as part of the administration and there is a constant struggle to control and to adapt it to the requirements of the regime, by constant criticism. The study is centred on a qualitative analysis of caricatures published in the late 1940s and during the 50s in the ”Urzica” magazine and in the newspapers (”România Liberă” and ”Informația Bucureștiului”) used for propaganda.

Media Discourse on Migration as Reflected by Political Caricatures in V4 Countries

Media Discourse on Migration as Reflected by Political Caricatures in V4 Countries

Author(s): Lucia Spálová,Veronika Szabóová,Katarzyna Walotek-Ściańska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2/2018

Keywords: Caricatures; First Migration Wave; Migration; Migration Crisis; Symbols; V4;

This scientific study reflects the migration discourse in the so-called first migration wave (years 2014 and 2015) when the topic of migration became a priority both for the media and political marketing. The pilot study identifies the media discourse on the topic of migration in the V4 geographical area in authorial renditions of a very specific media genre – political caricatures. The message in the media discourse on migration in the caricatures by V4 authors is compared with the identified dominant discourses of the political elites in digital media. The results of the qualitative analysis decode some significant areas of perception of the political positions held by the V4 political leaders by the media recipients – the citizens.

WORLD WAR I IN BULGARIAN CARICATURES

WORLD WAR I IN BULGARIAN CARICATURES

Author(s): Dobrinka Parusheva / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: Сaricature; Image of the Other; WW I; Aftermath of WW I; Bulgaria; the Balkans;

This text seeks to present the way in which Bulgarian caricaturists depicted the aftermath of World War I in their work. The attention is focused primarily on the image of the neighbouring Other. Does war matter and, more precisely, what is the relationship between war (and post-war time) and the attitude to the neighbouring nations of Bulgaria, and how this relationship influences the dynamics of the caricature images in the Bulgarian humoristic press? These are the questions to which the author offers an answer. As a basis of discussion a corpus of about 80 caricatures published in the newspaper Българан (Bălgaran) is used.

Caricature Stories. Unpublished Documents. First Volume

Приче и Карикатуре. Необјављена Документа. Књига прва

Author(s): Dragomir Ilić / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: Dragomir Ilić; Triša; Nerandža;caricatures;short stories;

I would be embarrassed if anyone would take this book as a mockery of anything.During our historical events, there were also funny things. Although it is not in our people’s nature, after the wars, events have however made us too serious that we have become too gloomy. We forgot about Triša and Nerandža, and the others. Many will find the title strange: "Unpublished documents”.The idea was given by Captain Triša. Somehow, after the war, one of the Great Powers published its "White" or was that "Blue" book of unpublished war documents."This is nothing," Triša says. I will also write my unpublished documents! And he started talking….For those I am convinced will not be angry, I used real names. For the rest, I'm sorry, I had to use other names, because of the press laws. Perhaps the book would have been more interesting if the other names had not been replaced.However, I believe that almost every reader will recognize both Nerandža and Trifun. May 1929.

HUMOR - A TEACHING TOOL IN THE CLASSROOM

L’HUMOUR – UN OUTIL PEDAGOGIQUE EN CLASSE DE FLE

Author(s): MIHAELA GAGEA / Language(s): French / Issue: 25/2019

Keywords: the pedagogy of humour; the learning process; the exchange;

It is often said that the laughter is a way of communication, it expresses the joy of life and characterizes the human being. The humour, in a positive sense, is considered the primary emotion which releases the laughter. Using a pedagogy of humour may be one of the possible solutions to the boredom that rules frequently in the classrooms. Therefore, this would mean using the humour in a systematic manner, in order to create the right atmosphere for the learning process and to establish a relationship which cares more about the exchange and the collaboration. Obviously, in order that the learner could be motivated, he must feel involved in the learning process. In this sense, the humour is a major contributor. It boosts certainly the interest in learning thanks to an enjoyment at once mental, sensorial and physical, in the zest for life.

MOCKING NATION BUILDING AND IDENTITY. AN ANALYSIS OF CARICATURES IN HUNGARIAN, ROMANIAN, SERBIAN, AND SLOVAK SATIRICAL PERIODICALS IN THE MID TO LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY

MOCKING NATION BUILDING AND IDENTITY. AN ANALYSIS OF CARICATURES IN HUNGARIAN, ROMANIAN, SERBIAN, AND SLOVAK SATIRICAL PERIODICALS IN THE MID TO LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Author(s): Ágnes Tamás / Language(s): English / Issue: 31/2020

Keywords: nationalism; nation building; caricatures; satirical magazines; mocking “others”.

This paper aims to present a comparative analysis of caricatures published in Hungarian(Üstökös, Borsszem Jankó), Serbian (Bič, Vrač pogađač), Romanian (Gur’a Satului), and Slovak(Černokňažník) satirical press in Hungary in the second half of the nineteenth century. The depth of theconnection between identity, nation building, and humour will be demonstrated. Theories of nationalismoften emphasise the primacy of the role of the press and of print media in nation building processes. Toinvestigate this, humorous printed sources have been selected. The comparison utilises and complementsAnthony D. Smith’s definition of the ethnic core and reflects on Christie Davies’ theory of ethnichumour. Tethered by these concepts, the analysis of the caricatures investigates the following aspects:names for the Self and the Other, elements of culture and tradition (languages, habits, religions, supposedcharacteristics, clothing and bodily features), symbols of the Self and the Other, historical memories andmyths of the common ancestry of the Self and the Other, and the definitions of “our” vs. “their” territoryand homeland. This analysis reveals that the stereotypes observed in satirical magazines and the imagesof the Other and of the Self depicted through the use of humorous or ironic techniques can be effectivelydistinguished and connected to the nation building process and to the process of shaping “enemies”.

Humour and satire in everyday life in 1920s Soviet society

Humour and satire in everyday life in 1920s Soviet society

Author(s): Galina Nikolaevna Ryabova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: humour; satire;Soviet everyday life;

In the Soviet society of the 1920s, humour and satire existed on two levels: official and unofficial. They have rather diverse forms. At the official level, there were, first of all, satirical articles, humoresques, and cartoons in the newspapers. Newspapers were an integral part of Soviet everyday life. Secondly, there were the performances of propaganda teams (the «Blue Blouse» in particular). These performances took place at any venues: in working clubs and village halls, on the factory floors, in different offices. The repertoire of propaganda teams always included satirical couplets directed against «internal and external enemies». At the unofficial level, there were witty-ditties, funny couplets, and anecdotes. They have various contents: from everyday and romantic issues to political problems. Therefore, at this level humour and satire expressed a critical attitude to the government and popular protest. At each level, humour and satire had their own goals and fulfilled various functions: from ideological to relaxational.

The role of secondary incongruities in cartoon appreciation

The role of secondary incongruities in cartoon appreciation

Author(s): Beatriz Carbajal-Carrera,Olga Sánchez Castro / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: secondary incongruity; cartoons; contextualisation indexes; cognitive scripts; failed humour; empathy;socio-cognitive approach;

Failed humour in conversational exchanges has received increasing attention in humour research (see Bell 2015; Bell & Attardo 2010). However, tensions between what constitutes successful and failed humour have yet to be fully explored outside conversational humour. Drawing on Hay’s (2001) classification of humour stages and using a socio-cognitive approach to pragmatics to examine responses from Spanish L1 and L2 users to differing combinations of structural and content features in cartoons, the present study aims to explore what factors contribute to successful and failed responses to multimodal humour. Previous research has predominantly investigated the role of caricature as one of the prototypical features of cartoons affecting humour communication, suggesting that this feature plays an active role in the recognition of the humoristic genre (Padilla & Gironzetti 2012). Findings from the present study indicate that caricature operates not only in the recognition, but also in the understanding and appreciation stages. In particular, our results point to two other roles of caricature as a secondary incongruity and as a factor that can trigger appreciation through empathy and/or a sense of superiority. Importantly, this investigation indicates that the presence of secondary incongruities can compensate for a partial lack of understanding, highlighting the relevance that this type of incongruity has in humour appreciation.

The Soviet Image of the USA in Latvian Satirical Journalism of the 1960s: Textual and Visual Code

The Soviet Image of the USA in Latvian Satirical Journalism of the 1960s: Textual and Visual Code

Author(s): Evita Badina,Žans Badins,Oksana Kovzele / Language(s): English / Issue: 14(43)/2021

Keywords: Soviet ideology; propaganda; satire; journalism; caricature; feuilleton;

Almost immediately after the end of the Second World War (WW II) and the declaration of the Iron Curtain policy, the Cold War broke out between the socialist and capitalist countries: the so-called opposition between the Eastern and Western bloc. The most acute confrontation between the USSR and the USA was manifested in such areas as the arms race, space exploration, struggle to expand spheres of influence. In 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the world was on the brink of nuclear war. After the occupation in 1940, Latvia was part of the Soviet system, and therefore was exposed to the Soviet ideology and propaganda. Most of the inhabitants of Latvia (like of the whole USSR) had practically no opportunity either to visit the USA or to obtain reliable information. Periodicals of the USSR imposed on the Soviet reader their image of America and the Western world in general; a huge role in creating this image was assigned to satirical publications. The article reveals the principles of representation of the USA image in the magazine “Dadzis” [The Thistle] and “Dadža kalendārs” [The Thistle Almanac] using imagological and cultural-historical approaches. The research focuses on the textual and visual representations of the phenomenon under study both in feuilletons and caricatures created by Latvian and foreign authors and published in the 1960s Latvian satire. The study reveals that the static image of the USA consisting of a certain “set” of stereotypes was implanted in the Latvian society of the above-mentioned period and later.

"Kabotyn z obwarzankiem", or propaganda of the good name of Marshal Joseph Pilsudski. Caricature, law, modern times

„Kabotyn z obwarzankiem”, czyli propaganda dobrego imienia Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego. Karykatura, prawo, współczesność

Author(s): Robert Dawid Nowecki / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Law; Pilsudski; Propaganda; Marshal; Historical law; Interwar period

Jozef Pilsudski, who was undoubtedly the most famous Polish figure of the 20th interwar period, had as many supporters behind him as he had enemies against him. The purpose of this paper is to bring to light the issue of propaganda concerning Marshal Jozef Pilsudski, which was a permanent feature of the Polish press, often finding its way into the foreign press as well. The analysis is based on the history of the image of Jozef Pilsudski over the years, which was associated with the events of the time. The paper also focuses on the key, from a legal point of view, the Law on the Protection of the Name of Józef Piłsudski - interpreting the provisions, objectives and further history of its validity and legal legacy. The result of the work in question is to present the scale of caricature and propaganda concerning the Marshal of Poland, to provide an overview of the history and consequences of legal actions directed at a specific single individual, and to examine and present possible legal analogies in Polish law.

Personalities of the Polish world of music and theater at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in the caricature of Eli Kochański

Osobistości polskiego świata muzyki i teatru przełomu XIX i XX wieku w karykaturze Elego Kochańskiego

Author(s): Kinga Fink / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Eli Kochański; caricature; musical culture of Warsaw in the first thirty years of the 20th century

Eli Kochański (1885–1940), a musician now forgotten, was one of the famous figure of interwar Warsaw. He was an excellent cellist, concertmaster of the Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra and professor at the State Conservatory of Music in Warsaw. He also became famous as the author of a series of caricatures depicting personalities of the world of music at time and from the circle of the Warsaw music community. His drawings were published in music magazines („Wiadomości Muzyczne”, „Muzyka”), cultural and social magazines („Tygodnik Ilustrowany”) and daily newspapers („Kurier Warszawski”, „Dziennik Poznański”) in the years 1925–1936 and caused a lively resonance among the inhabitants of the capital. This article will discuss selected caricatures by Kochański published in interwar magazines and from the collections of the National and Jagiellonian libraries. Among them are e.g. humorous portraits of Bronisław Huberman, Paweł Kochański, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Mieczysław Frenkiel. The iconographic sources has been submitted to analyses, focusing above all on deciphering the author’s intentions and allusions to current events in the artistic life of Warsaw in the first thirty years of the 20th century.

Photography and Literature. From the Literary Peripheries

Фотография и литература. Из литературните периферии

Author(s): Plamen Shulikov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 33/2024

Keywords: caricature; scribble; pattern; sketch; photo portrait; daguerreotype; panorama; sketch; photography; literary periphery; paraliterature

The functional unity of the media environment at the beginning of the twentieth century gives rise to adjustments in the institutional fields of culture, which otherwise live in real cooperation. The picture of the vast territories of mass culture is particularly fluid. The present text examines boundary “violations” between literature and photography, which manifest themselves through the exchange of value and style ideas, precipitated in commonly used clichés. How do literary and photographic notions of image realism interact? Are they able to take autonomous life directions? Here we deliberately select para-literary uses undertaken by important Bulgarian artists (Vazov, Chudomir), and by unknown commissioned poets or advertisers, by photographers and reporters. We fixate on the existence of verbal and visual genres that inhabit the territories of the aesthetic periphery: cartoon, doodle, pattern, sketch, photo portrait, essay.